Scheduled medium access Sample Clauses

Scheduled medium access. TDMA and FDMA The most common scheduled medium access techniques are time-division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency-division multiple access (FDMA). In TDMA, the time axis is divided into time slots of fixed length, and transmitter-receiver pairs are allocated a fixed number of time slots in which they can communicate. FDMA, on the other hand, divides the available communication bandwidth into disjoint frequency bands (”channels”), and allocates a fixed number of channels to each user. The two techniques can be combined into multi-channel TDMA protocols, where the communication channel is divided in frequency and space. Such an approach is natural in 802.15.4 networks, since the ISM band is channelized. Channel A B A B A 11 12 Time (slots) 11 11 A B A B B A B A 12 12 Time (slots) Time (slots) TDMA FDMA Multichannel TDMA Figure 6: TDMA, FDMA and multi-channel TDMA for two transmitters (A and B) on 802.15.4-channels 11 and 12 in the ISM band. § Neither TDMA nor FDMA is able to use the full channel resource for communication. TDMA requires that all nodes are synchronized to a common clock. Typically, some bandwidth is lost to synchro- nization messages between nodes and time slots are made slightly longer than what is required to perform a single data transaction to allow for slight synchronization errors. Similarly, FDMA requires guard bands between channels to avoid co-channel interference. For example, the 802.15.4 xxxx- xxxx only occupy 32 out of 100 MHz in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. Similarly, out of the 10ms slot time used by the WirelessHART multi-channel TDMA protocol (see 4.4), only 5.088 ms are used for data and acknowledgement transmissions. Another performance loss occurs when there is a mismatch between the traffic characteristic and the deterministic transmission opportunities of scheduled access: . Σ
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Related to Scheduled medium access

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