MOTIVATION FOR CONSTRUCTING HFACS FOR LIFEBOAT ACCIDENTS Sample Clauses

MOTIVATION FOR CONSTRUCTING HFACS FOR LIFEBOAT ACCIDENTS. Literatures indicated that human errors resulted in, or at least partly contributed to, the amount of 70%-80% aviation accidents. Thus, the human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS) was developed to investigate aviation accidents, basing on Reason’s ‘Swiss Cheese’ model for latent and active failures 26. It seemed the same case in maritime industry. Several studies also blamed on human errors as primary factor for a significant number of maritime accidents. There was a joint survey of lifeboat incidents by OCIMF, INTERTANKO and SIGTTO at 2000. Among the 89 returned questionnaires, there are 30 incidents that can be attributed to the human errors, following the equipment failure. Human factors here consist of lack of proper training, lack of proper maintenance in accordance with instructions, lack of communications during operation and failure to follow correct procedure in Figure 24. Besides, the report also implied the indirect cause of accidents by human error in design. However, due to the fact that there is no case of lifeboat accidents happening under emergency, the evaluation of human factors contributing to lifeboat accidents would be unable to be performed. Among the published investigation reports, it is unable to see a human factors analysis. Figure27. Primary Causes of Accidents of the Joint Survey by OCIMF, INTERTANKO and SIGTTO, 2000 Lack of proper training 3% Others 5% Lack of proper maintenance in accordance with instructions 19% Design fault 14% lack of proper communications during operation 1% Failure to follow correct procedure 10% Equipment failure 48% One condition should also keep in mind that the lifeboat is supposed to be launched during emergency. In an emergency event, people’s reactions could be different from person to person. In Xxxxx’s book 27, he mentioned that people who survived after an accident were experiencing common emergency reactions, ranging from panic to apathy and not willing to assist each other. The other issue could be the crowd-binding problem which was estimated to be affecting 6% passenger activities in a given situation, for instance in a passenger vessel. Another study he presented in his book addressed that around 10%-25% people could have strong psychic reaction and 1%-3% people might lose mental or nervous breakdown. From the seafarer’s perspective, their behavior could be better after regular training. From another stand-point, improving the reliability of survival equipment which is high...
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Related to MOTIVATION FOR CONSTRUCTING HFACS FOR LIFEBOAT ACCIDENTS

  • COMPENSATION FOR CONSTRUCTION PHASE SERVICES 5.1 For the Construction Manager’s performance of the Work as described in Section 2.3, the Owner shall pay the Construction Manager the Contract Sum in current funds. The Contract Sum is the Cost of the Work as defined in Section 6.1.1 plus the Construction Manager’s Fee.

  • Construction Phase - Administration of the Construction Contract 1.6.1 The Construction Phase shall commence with the acceptance of the Construction Manager’s Guaranteed Maximum Price (or acceptance of a partial Guaranteed Maximum Price for a stage or phase) and issuance of a Notice to Proceed with Construction Services and terminate sixty (60) days after Final Payment to the Contractor is made, or when all of Architect/Engineer’s services have been satisfactorily performed, whichever occurs later.

  • Interconnection Facilities Engineering Procurement and Construction Interconnection Facilities, Network Upgrades, and Distribution Upgrades shall be studied, designed, and constructed pursuant to Good Utility Practice. Such studies, design and construction shall be based on the assumed accuracy and completeness of all technical information received by the Participating TO and the CAISO from the Interconnection Customer associated with interconnecting the Large Generating Facility.

  • BUILDER’S RISK FOR CONSTRUCTION RENOVATION PROJECTS If the project is CONSTRUCTION RENOVATION of an existing structure, and the State has already determined that Contractor will not be obligated to obtain and maintain Builder’s Risk insurance, then the following provisions apply:

  • Selection of Subcontractors, Procurement of Materials and Leasing of Equipment The contractor shall not discriminate on the grounds of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age or disability in the selection and retention of subcontractors, including procurement of materials and leases of equipment. The contractor shall take all necessary and reasonable steps to ensure nondiscrimination in the administration of this contract.

  • BUILDER’S RISK FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS If the project is NEW CONSTRUCTION, then the following provisions apply:

  • Required Coverages For Generation Resources Of 20 Megawatts Or Less Each Constructing Entity shall maintain the types of insurance as described in section 11.1 paragraphs (a) through (e) above in an amount sufficient to insure against all reasonably foreseeable direct liabilities given the size and nature of the generating equipment being interconnected, the interconnection itself, and the characteristics of the system to which the interconnection is made. Additional insurance may be required by the Interconnection Customer, as a function of owning and operating a Generating Facility. All insurance shall be procured from insurance companies rated “A-,” VII or better by AM Best and authorized to do business in a state or states in which the Interconnection Facilities are located. Failure to maintain required insurance shall be a Breach of the Interconnection Construction Service Agreement.

  • Local Control Center, Metering and Telemetry The NTO shall operate, pursuant to ISO Tariffs, ISO Procedures, Reliability Rules and all other applicable reliability rules, standards and criteria on a twenty-four (24) hour basis, a suitable local control center(s) with all equipment and facilities reasonably required for the ISO to exercise ISO Operational Control over NTO Transmission Facilities Under ISO Operational Control, and for the NTO to fulfill its responsibilities under this Agreement. Operation of the NYS Power System is a cooperative effort coordinated by the ISO control center in conjunction with local control centers and will require the exchange of all reasonably necessary information. The NTO shall provide the ISO with Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (“SCADA”) information on facilities listed in Appendices A-1 and A-2 herein as well as on generation and merchant transmission resources interconnected to the NTO’s transmission facilities pursuant to the ISO OATT. The NTO shall provide metering data for its transmission facilities to the ISO, unless other parties are authorized by the appropriate regulatory authority to provide metering data. The NTO shall collect and submit to the ISO billing quality metering data and any other information for its transmission facilities required by the ISO for billing purposes. The NTO shall provide to the ISO the telemetry and other operating data from generation and merchant transmission resources interconnected to its transmission facilities that the ISO requires for the operation of the NYS Power System. The NTO will establish and maintain a strict code of conduct to prevent such information from reaching any unauthorized person or entity.

  • Modification of the Small Generating Facility The Interconnection Customer must receive written authorization from the NYISO and Connecting Transmission Owner before making any change to the Small Generating Facility that may have a material impact on the safety or reliability of the New York State Transmission System or the Distribution System. Such authorization shall not be unreasonably withheld. Modifications shall be done in accordance with Good Utility Practice. If the Interconnection Customer makes such modification without the prior written authorization of the NYISO and Connecting Transmission Owner, the Connecting Transmission Owner shall have the right to temporarily disconnect the Small Generating Facility. If disconnected, the Small Generating Facility will not be reconnected until the unauthorized modifications are authorized or removed.

  • Participating TO's Interconnection Facilities Construction The Participating TO's Interconnection Facilities shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Good Utility Practice. Upon request, within one hundred twenty (120) Calendar Days after the Commercial Operation Date, unless the Participating TO and Interconnection Customer agree on another mutually acceptable deadline, the Participating TO shall deliver to the Interconnection Customer and the CAISO the following “as-built” drawings, information and documents for the Participating TO's Interconnection Facilities [include appropriate drawings and relay diagrams]. The Participating TO will obtain control for operating and maintenance purposes of the Participating TO's Interconnection Facilities and Stand Alone Network Upgrades upon completion of such facilities. Pursuant to Article 5.2, the CAISO will obtain Operational Control of the Stand Alone Network Upgrades prior to the Commercial Operation Date.

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