Groundwater Extraction Estimated from Satellite Data Sample Clauses

Groundwater Extraction Estimated from Satellite Data. In this method, groundwater extraction is estimated as a function of the total agricultural water demand, surface water deliveries, and precipitation. This method is specific to agricultural groundwater extraction (as opposed to municipal groundwater extraction). The total agricultural water demand (i.e. applied water demand) is estimated as follows: Where: 𝑊𝑊𝑑 = 𝐴𝑖 𝑥 𝐸𝑇 𝐼𝑒𝑓𝑓 Wd = Total Agricultural Water Demand (acre-ft) Ai = Irrigated Area (acres) ET = Evapotranspiration (acre-ft/acre) Ieff = Irrigation Efficiency (unitless) Crop evapotranspiration (ET) is estimated using remote sensing data from LandSAT satellites. The satellite data is entered into a model, which is used to estimate the ET rate and ET spatial distribution of an area in any given time period. When appropriately calibrated to land- based ET and/or climate stations and validated with crop surveys, the satellite-based model provides an estimate of crop ET (i.e. consumptive use). The satellite-based model is representative, verifiable, and can be accomplished uniformly across the Tule Subbasin by an independent third party. The Tule Subbasin TAC will provide this data for all GSAs. Irrigation efficiency (Ieff) is estimated for any given area based on the irrigation method for that area (e.g. drip irrigation, flood irrigation, micro sprinkler, etc.). Irrigation methods are tied to crop types based on either DWR land use maps or field surveys. The following irrigation efficiencies will be applied to the different irrigation methods based on California Energy Commission (2006): • Border Strip Irrigation – 77.5 percent • Micro Sprinkler – 87.5 percent • Surface Drip Irrigation – 87.5 percent • Furrow Irrigation – 67.5 percent Agricultural groundwater extraction is estimated as the total applied water demand (Wd) minus surface water deliveries and effective precipitation. Effective precipitation is the portion of precipitation that becomes evapotranspiration.
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