Fuzzy Theories Sample Clauses

Fuzzy Theories. ‌ The first fuzzy semantic treatment of vagueness was, presented in Xxxxxx (1969) where it was suggested that meanings of vague terms can be rep- resented by fuzzy sets. Classical sets can be represented by functions into Boolean values. Objects that map to 0 are not members of the set, objects that map to 1 are. Fuzzy sets are functions into r0, 1s, so objects can be members of the set to various degrees. The intuitive idea is that fresh healthy grass might be something in the fuzzy set to represent the meaning of ‘green’ and so would get a value of 1. Under-watered grass that is beginning to die might only be greenish. If it is as green as it is yellow, perhaps it would get a value of around 0.5. Just as in classical set theory and semantics, in fuzzy semantics, inter- section, union and complement can be used to define the logical constants for conjunction, disjunction and negation. Let rqs be the fuzzy valuation of the proposition q: r¬qs = 1 ´rqs rq ^ rs = mintrqs, rrsu rq v rs = max trqs, rrsu At the limit fuzzy conjunction, disjunction and negation is classical. Things change radically for values between 0 and 1 which has tended to be the source of objections to the system applied to natural language. A more general concern with the fuzzy system that has been raised is what the values between 0 and 1 mean. Some in the literature seem to feel discontented with what they represent (Xxxxx Xxxx 2000), (Xxxxxxxxxx 1994). Xxxxxx himself is fairly noncommittal. His paper was entitled ‘The logic of inexact concepts’, but Xxxxxx tells us that ‘concept’ should be taken as a metaphorical device for talking about meaning. However, given fuzzy logic as a framework with which to model natural language semantics, it is left fairly open how we should interpret the notion of a fuzzy set. Xxxxx, who defends a plurivaluationist version of fuzzy semantics (Xxxxx 2008) argues that fuzzy semantics and worldly vagueness go hand in hand. If one thinks that the world contains vague properties, one may be tempted to see fuzzy sets as representing properties in the world. That way, it would be indeterminate whether some object, a, has some property redness and the truth values of sentences like ‘a is red’ would be isomorphic with the extent that objects referred to have the properties referred to. However, in §1.2.1, we saw that metaphysical questions of vagueness can be separated from semantic ones. That means that it should be possible to give a meaning representation with ...
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  • TRADE IN GOODS ARTICLE 2.1

  • Infringement Claims by Third Parties If the Exploitation of a Product in the Territory pursuant to this Agreement results in, or is reasonably expected to result in, any claim, suit or proceeding by a Third Party alleging infringement by Mereo or any of its Affiliates or its or their Sublicensees, (a “Third Party Infringement Claim”), including any defense or counterclaim in connection with an Infringement action initiated pursuant to this Section 9.4, the Party first becoming aware of such alleged infringement shall promptly notify the other Party thereof in writing. As between the Parties, Mereo shall be responsible for defending any such claim, suit or proceeding [***], using counsel of Mereo’s choice. Prior to the Option Exercise Date, AstraZeneca may participate in any such claim, suit or proceeding with counsel of its choice [***]; provided that Mereo shall retain the right to control such claim, suit or proceeding. If Mereo exercises the Option, AstraZeneca shall have no right participate in any such claim, suit or proceeding relating to the Option Patents from and including the Option Exercise Date. AstraZeneca shall, and shall cause its Affiliates to, assist and cooperate with Mereo, as Mereo may reasonably request from time to time, in connection with its activities set forth in this Section 9.4, including where necessary, furnishing a power of attorney solely for such purpose or joining in, or being named as a necessary party to, such action, providing access to relevant documents and other evidence and making its employees available at reasonable business hours; provided that Mereo shall reimburse AstraZeneca for [***] costs and expenses incurred in connection therewith. Mereo shall keep AstraZeneca reasonably informed of all material developments in connection with any such claim, suit or proceeding. Mereo agrees to provide AstraZeneca with copies of all material pleadings filed in such action and to allow AstraZeneca reasonable opportunity to participate in the defense of the claims. Any [***] Certain information in this document has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Confidential Treatment has been requested with respect to the omitted portions. damages, or awards, including royalties incurred or awarded in connection with any Third Party Infringement Claim defended under this Section 9.4 shall be [***]. For clarity, if Mereo is required to make any payment to a Third Party to settle such Third Party Infringement Claim, such Third Party Payment shall be a Third Party Payment for the purposes of Section 8.5.3(c).

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  • Third Party Infringement Claims If the Development, Manufacture, or Commercialization of any Licensed Product in the Field in the Apollomics Territory pursuant to this Agreement results in a claim, suit or proceeding alleging patent infringement against GlycoMimetics or Apollomics (or their respective Affiliates, licensees or sublicensees) (collectively, “Third Party Infringement Actions”), such Party shall promptly notify the other Party hereto in writing. GlycoMimetics shall have the right, but not the obligation, to direct and control the defense of such Third Party Infringement Action, at its own expense with counsel of its choice; provided, however, that Apollomics may participate in the defense and/or settlement thereof, at its own expense with counsel of its choice. In any event, GlycoMimetics agrees to keep Apollomics reasonably informed of all material developments in connection with any such Third Party Infringement Action for which GlycoMimetics exercises its right to direct and control the defense. GlycoMimetics agrees not to settle such Third Party Infringement Action, or make any admissions or assert any position in such Third Party Infringement Action, in a manner that would materially adversely affect the rights or interests of Apollomics, without the prior written consent of Apollomics, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. If GlycoMimetics does not exercise its right to direct and control the defense of a Third Party Infringement Action that is brought against Apollomics, then Apollomics shall have such right at its own expense and to use counsel of its choice, and it shall agree to keep GlycoMimetics reasonably informed of all material developments in connection with such Third Party Infringement Action, and it shall not settle such Third Party Infringement Action, or make any admissions or assert any position in such Third Party Infringement Action, in a manner that would materially adversely affect the rights or interests of GlycoMimetics, without the prior written consent of GlycoMimetics, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. With respect to any Third Party Infringement Action in the Apollomics Territory, the Party controlling the response to the Third Party Infringement Action shall bear all costs of such action. In the event of any recovery in connection with a Third Party Infringement Action, the Parties shall allocate any such recovery in accordance with Section 9.4(d)(i)-(iv), where, solely for the purposes of recovery allocation under this Section 9.5, the controlling Party under this Section 9.5 shall be deemed an “Enforcing Party” and the applicable Third Party Infringement Action resulting in such recovery shall be deemed an “enforcement action” as described in Section 9.4(d)(i)-(iv).

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  • Infringement Claims You may submit an infringement claim notice to us at our Contact Formavailable here if you have a good faith belief that Your Content has been copied and made accessible through the Services (including as a part of the Service Content or Third Party Content) in violation of your Inte lectual Property Rights. A copyright infringement claims notice must include at (i) the identification of such a legedly infringing materials, including information su ficient for us to locate it within our Services, ( i) a demand that such a legedly infringing materials be removed or access disabled, ( i) a statement that you have a good faith belief that use of the material in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law; (iv) a statement that the information in the notification is accurate, and under penalty of perjury, that you are authorized to act on behalf of the owner of an exclusive right that is a legedly infringed; (v) contact information for you, such as address, phone number, and, if available, an email address; and (vi) must be signed by you or the person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of the a legedly infringed work (the “Notice Requirements”). Pursuant to 17 U.S.C. 512(c)(3), if the above Notice Requirements are not met, we may disregard the notice. Pursuant 17 U.S.C. 512(f), be advised that knowingly making a material misrepresentation that online material or activity is infringing or that material or activity was removed or disabled by mistake or misidentification, may subject you to heavy civil penalties. These penalties include monetary damages, including costs and attorneys' fees, incurred by the a leged infringer, by any copyright owner or copyright owner's authorized licensee, or by a service provider who is injured by your misrepresentation. If we make a decision to remove Your Content in response to a complaint, we may notify you and provide you with contact information for the complaining party. You may also object to such determination by writing to our designated agent, which must contain the fo lowing information pursuant to 17 U.S.C. 512(g)(3), (i) your physical or electronic signature; ( i) identification of the material that has been removed or to which access has been disabled and the location at which the material appeared before it was removed or access to it was disabled; ( i) a statement under penalty of perjury that the you have a good faith belief that the material was removed or disabled as a result of mistake or misidentification of the material to be removed or disabled; and (iv) your name, address, phone number, and a statement that you consent to the jurisdiction of Federal District Court for the judicial district in which the address is located, or if you are located outside of the United States, for any judicial district in which the service provider may be found, and that you wil accept service of process from the person who provided notification under subsection 17 U.S.C. 512(c)(1)(C) or an agent of such person.

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