Challenges in the Process of Implementing the Principle of CBDR-RC. The challenges faced in the implementation process between developed and developing countries are fundamentally different. These challenges become one of the inhibiting effects of the Agreement’s implementation. As a matter of fact, the success of the Paris Agreement essentially depends on how member states can implement its provisions properly. The non-compliance primarily can occur for several reasons. Generally, both the Paris Agreement as one of the climate change agreements and other agreements within the scope of the MEAs have the same causes of non-compliance. In the context of climate change problems that occur due to various activities both in the past and in the present, there is a gap between developed and developing countries in terms of the implementation process. Consequently, contributions to global emissions between countries also vary based on historical aspects. In the past centuries, developed countries have contributed large emissions when they were still in the process of developing their countries. Meanwhile, developing countries contribute a large amount of emissions presently hence they are still in the process of developing their country and also in the process of economic transition as well. Consequently, they still depend on various activities that trigger an increase of global emissions. As has been mentioned in the previous paragraph, differences in conditions between countries lead to different mitigation efforts as well. For instance, we can see the differences between the way Indonesia and Norway implement the CBDR-RC principle. Based on the historical aspect, Indonesia's capability is still categorized as a developing country. Indonesia is still in the stage of the development process in various sectors. Indonesia's main focus is still on increasing economic growth for the welfare of people's lives and reducing the rate of poverty. To support its economy, Indonesia still relies on industries that are not yet environmentally friendly, such as coal mining and the production of fossil fuels.53 There is still a need to increase its capacity and develop the quality of human resources, especially in remote areas. Therefore, as a developing country, Indonesia still has limitations in efforts to prevent, reduce and deal with the threat of climate change. The CBDR-RC principle therefore respects Indonesia's sovereignty to determine the right steps in its efforts to achieve the targets set out in the Paris Agreement. In addition, thi...
