Beijing, China. Carbon Emissions The data collected from Automated Fare Collection system will help to provide new insights on how to alleviate urban traffic and consequently lessen gas emissions because traffic congestion makes not only people’s lives difficult but also increases carbon emissions to the environment which is not healthy for human beings. To moderate this problem, Beijing, China has implemented a restriction policy to decrease the number of cars on the streets, for example: from Monday to Friday, automobiles with license end numbers of 1 or 6, 2 or 7, 3 or 8, 4 or 9, and 5 or 0, sequentially, would cease traveling on public road spaces (Xxxxx et al. 2017). Since Beijing applied this kind of restriction, it was used as case study evaluating 10 consecutive weeks of smart cards data provided by the Beijing Transport Committee. Analyzing this data could help to develop a method to calculate the CO2 emissions to help the transit agencies take proper measures in addressing this issue to reduce the greenhouse effect and improving air quality. But in order to have an accurate algorithm, the AFC data was combined with a geographic information system (GIS) (Xxxxx et al. 2017). As result of the restriction policy, private cars users should have turned to public transportation and therefore by using the collected data from AFC system, an estimation of the carbon emissions before and after the policy implementation could be projected. Three problems must be taken into consideration when evaluation the carbon emission reduction to the environment (Xxxxx et al, 2017):
