Tense. Use of the singular number shall include the plural and one gender shall include all others.
Tense. A use of a word in the present tense includes the future tense.
Tense. The singular tense herein shall include the plural, and vice versa, and any gender shall include all other genders.
Tense. Where the context requires, the singular shall include the plural and the plural shall include the singular.
Tense. Gender, Defined Terms, Captions, Effective Date, Execution In Counterparts and Via Facsimile, Miscellaneous. As used herein, the plural shall refer to and include the singular, and the singular the plural, and the use of any gender shall include and refer to any other gender. All defined terms are completely capitalized throughout this AGREEMENT. All captions are for the purpose of convenience only. This AGREEMENT shall be effectively dated as of October 22, 2004. This AGREEMENT may be executed and delivered in counterparts. Signed counterparts may be delivered via facsimile, with all copies delivered via facsimile to be deemed to have the same force and effect as if bearing original signatures.
Tense. Ram used to eat bread but now he eats fried bread.' (borrowed from Dwivedi 1991: 88, modified for consistency)
Tense. The only two clear tenses I have encountered in elicitation data are past, signaled by the auxiliary vwa as in (8), and present, signaled by the auxiliary ʤi as in (9). Future, even distant future, was always translated into Tshiluba by the consultant using the present progressive, as shown in (10).14 11When this ba- prefix appears on a verb, this particular syncretism makes it hard to definitively say whether the prefix should be called a verbal subject prefix (which would include the third person feature), an adjective prefix, or a noun class prefix (which would not have an inherent person feature). 12I follow Xxxxxxx (2010) in assuming here that first and second person subjects share the same (human) grammatical gender as the nouns in classes 1 and 2. I call this ‘gender A.’ 13The first person singular prefix may be ŋ-, m-, n-, ɲ-, or ∅. Due to phonologically conditioned allomor- phy, it varies according to the following sound, generally exhibiting assimilation in place of articulation. In this paper, the morpheme gloss for the first person singular prefix is consistently given as N-. 14Given this, it may be argued that xx could be more accurately labeled as a non-past auxiliary, rather than a present auxiliary. In this paper, ʤi is glossed as aux.prs to be more consistent with existing descriptions of Tshiluba, which describe ʤi as a present tense marker.
