Common use of Refinement Clause in Contracts

Refinement. Refine the way experiments are carried out, and animals are housed, managed and handled, to reduce negative impacts and increase positive welfare. For example, appropriate pain relief, enhanced environmental enrichment and positive reinforcement behavioural training to accomplish tasks. This means that animals can only be used when there are no reliable or suitable alternatives, the number of animals used is minimised and any potential harm to animals must be minimised and weighed against the potential benefit to humans or other animals. Scientific advances have changed the use of animals in research. Recent developments let researchers reduce the number of animals used and have helped researchers refine their methods to minimise or eliminate pain and distress. Opportunities for re-homing animals are also available, where appropriate. The Three Rs are also promoted, through yearly awards at various institutions and a biennial implementation award from the government, for research that advances at least one of the three principles. The long-term goal is the replacement of animals used in research, as science, technology and law permits. The status of the Openness Agreement This Agreement has been developed proactively and is supported by its signatories in addition to their legal and regulatory obligations within New Zealand. Signatories are expected to proactively work towards fulfilling the five Commitments. If an organisation is unable to make any progress, it will be asked to reconsider its position as a signatory to the Agreement. All signatories agree to take steps to be more open about their use of animals in research and teaching in line with the five Commitments. Exactly how these Commitments are fulfilled will differ between organisations depending upon their operation and purpose, their capacity and their different legal obligations. All images are licensed under a Creative Commons 4.0 International license. Understanding Animal Research – xxxxx://xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx.xx/ Signatories ANZCCART is a member organisation of Royal Society Te Apārangi | xxxxxxxx@xxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx.xx xxx.xxxxxxxx.xxx.xx 00 Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx, Thorndon, Wellington 6011 PO Box 598, Wellington 6140, New Zealand T +00 0 000 0000 | xxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx.xx