Concluding Remarks This chapter explored whether multiple concepts related to slot coordination offer scope for finding solutions for the specific issues experienced at super-congested airports relating to this dissertation’s research questions, primarily in the field of reflecting the public value associated with slots in coordination decisions and safeguarding airport access for the purposes of a competitive air transport market safeguarded by EU Regulation 1008/2008. The concepts discussed include the debate on who holds the legal title to a slot, the functionally and financially independent coordinator, the application of the new entrant rule, the implementation of a secondary market for slots and the relationship between the allocation of slots and competition law. In my view, slots are allocated to airlines as entitlements to use available infrastructure, subject to conditions such as utilization thresholds or allocation criteria. Indeed, they represent relevant operational, economic, legal and social interests and functions.1342 Inter alia, according to the Commission, slots are “critical inputs” for any entrant wishing to operate or expand services.1343 Although airlines, airports and governments alike have claimed they should be regarded as the legal owners of slots,1344 they cannot, in my view, be identified as property rights. At super-congested airports in particular, slots are valuable concepts to society at large as they safeguard public functions such as connectivity and airport access, as discussed in Chapter 2, sections 2.3 and 2.4. Accordingly, Chapter 6 recommends that the coordinator should ensure that scarce slots are declared, allocated and used in a way that is reflective of these public functions. Solving the debate on slot ownership by clarifying that slots are essentially public goods could contribute to making this recommendation work. Furthermore, a future slot regime should be cognizant of the shifted role of the coordinator from performing merely technical functions to that of a policymaker, so to say. At super-congested airports, slot allocation ultimately comes down to making decisions which airlines can and cannot operate to and from an airport.1345 With slot scarcity levels and the risk of judicial reviews of allocation decisions rising, coordinators play an increasingly important role in the correct application of the slot allocation rules. After all, airlines are all in the same ‘game’ for the last available slot pair and the coordinator continuously has to make trade-offs between competing slot requests. Though the coordinator has been delegated public functions, by no means was the slot coordinator intended to perform the task of policy making. Arguably, the coordinator has been handed a role it was never intended to perform.1346 In a constrained environment where the overall number of slots is largely fixed and there is no outlook for capacity increases, the possibilities for airlines to start or expand services requires incumbent airlines to exit or downscale their services at a particular airport.1347 Given the high value of slots at super-congested airports, it is unlikely that airlines will simply hand back the slots they hold to the coordinator, even in times of economic downturn. Instead, they may capitalize the slots they hold to pay off creditors in case of a bankruptcy or insolvency, or they may engage in slot transfers or lease agreements, as discussed in sections 5.3 and 5.6 above. Hence, airport access becomes foreclosed in its entirety to airlines wanting to expand or 1342 See European Commission, supra note 54, paragraph 11. 1343 See Case M.3770 – Lufthansa/Swiss, supra note 274, paragraph 27. 1344 See Abeyratne, supra note 55, at 36; Xxxx XxxXxxxxx, supra note 63, at 2-2. 1345 See ICAO, supra note 256. 1346 See Xxxxxx et al., supra note 18, at 9. 1347 See Xxxx XxxXxxxxx(II), supra note 113, at 111. start operations at super-congested airports with no slots freely available, or at peak times at other congested airports.
Preliminary Matters The Chair of the Hearing Panel will ask each party if it has any objections to the constitution of the Hearing Panel. Responses will be noted and recorded. If an objection is raised, the party raising the objection will be asked to immediately outline the objection. The Hearing Panel will then determine the merits of the objection.
SPECIAL REMARKS There are no adjustments in the fiscal year 2021-22 Cost Allocation Plan. SECTION IV: ACCEPTANCE COUNTY OF SACRAMENTO BY Original signed by Xxx Xxxxxx Name Director of Finance Title 04-29-2021 Date XXXXX X. XXX CALIFORNIA STATE CONTROLLER BY Original signed by XXXXXXX XXXXX, Manager Local Government Policy Section Local Govt Programs & Services Division 04-30-2021 Date Negotiated by Xxxx Xxxx Telephone (000) 000-0000
Preliminary Engineering In order to receive City review and approval of the Extensions, Developer shall furnish two (2) copies of the plat map, topographic map and proposed roads profile sheets in electronic format prior to the City’s ordering of the engineering plans from its Engineer. The contour elevation and road profile elevations shall be referenced to NAVD ‘88 datum. In the event Developer’s engineer prepares the construction plans and specifications, the above information shall be a part of the extension construction plans to be reviewed and approved by the City’s Engineer. The final plat map shall be to the scale of 1-inch = 20 feet. The contour map shall have a scale of 1-inch = 20 feet and contour intervals of two (2) feet or less. The road profile sheets shall be to the scale of 1-inch = 20 feet. Developer shall provide a minimum of one benchmark, datum being NAVD ‘88, on the project site; and the elevation and location of the benchmark shall be indicated on the maps furnished by Developer.
- OWNERSHIP/USE OF THE RESULTS II.3.1 Unless stipulated otherwise in this agreement, ownership of the results of the action, including industrial and intellectual property rights, and of the reports and other documents relating to it shall be vested in the beneficiary.
Preliminary Approval Within a reasonable time after execution of this Settlement Agreement by the Parties, Plaintiff shall apply to the Court for the entry of an Order:
APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS Exhibits A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I are attached to and form a part of this Contract. In the event of any conflict or inconsistency in the definition or interpretation of any word, responsibility, schedule, or the contents or description of any task, deliverable, goods, service, or other work, or otherwise between the base Contract and the Exhibits, or between Exhibits, such conflict or inconsistency shall be resolved by giving precedence first to the Contract and then to the Exhibits according to the following priority. Standard Exhibits:
Preliminary Approval Order “Preliminary Approval Order” means the order of the Court preliminarily approving this Settlement Agreement.
Preliminary Schedule A preliminary schedule of construction indicating the starting and completion dates of the various stages of the Work, including any information and following any form as may be specified in the Specifications. Once approved by District, this shall become the Construction Schedule. This schedule shall include and identify all tasks that are on the Project’s critical path with a specific determination of the start and completion of each critical path task as well as all Contract milestones and each milestone’s completion date(s) as may be required by the District.
Construction Document Phase 1.4.1 Based on the approved Design Development Documents, Guaranteed Maximum Price, coordinated models and any further adjustments in the scope or quality of the Project or in the Amount Available for the Construction Contract authorized by the Owner, the Architect/Engineer shall prepare, for approval by the Owner and review by the Construction Manager, Construction Documents consisting of Drawings, Schedules and Specifications derived from the model(s) in accordance with Owner’s written requirements setting forth in detail the requirements for construction of the Project, including, without limitation, the BIM Execution Plan and “Facility Design Guidelines”. The Plans, Drawings and Specifications for the entire Project shall be so prepared that same will call for the construction of the building and related facilities, together with its built-in permanent fixtures and equipment which will cost not more than the Guaranteed Maximum Price accepted by Owner, or the Amount Available for the Construction Contract established by Owner if no Guaranteed Maximum Price proposal has been accepted by Owner. The Architect/Engineer will be responsible for managing the design to stay within such Guaranteed Maximum Price proposal or Amount Available for the Construction Contract. The Architect/Engineer shall review the Construction Documents as they are being prepared at intervals appropriate to the progress of the Project with the Owner and Construction Manager at the Project site or other location specified by Owner in the State of Texas. The Architect/Engineer shall utilize the model(s) to support the review process during Construction Documents. The Architect/Engineer shall provide the Construction Manager with a compact disc containing documents and data files derived from the model to assist the Construction Manager in fulfilling its responsibilities to the Owner.
