PISA and Kazakhstan Sample Clauses

PISA and Kazakhstan. ‌ In Kazakhstan, the implementation of an updated curriculum and other changes in the assessment system was done with the intention to develop students’ analytical and critical thinking skills (MES, 2016). One of the essential catalysts proposed for introducing a reform was the administration of the PISA 2009 survey and assessments and the careful analysis of associated data. The results from 2009 showed a lack of functional skills among Kazakhstani students. The results from the PISA cycles thereafter revealed the existence of problems in students’ analytical skills. For example, Kazakhstan’s results in PISA 2012 were lower compared to other countries. Even though there were some improvements in mathematics and science between 2009 and 2012, students’ reading performance stayed unchanged across the three-year period. Besides, despite putting efforts into increasing student numeracy, the number of students scoring high in mathematics in 2012 was lower than expected. Furthermore, the PISA 2018 results1 were worse than PISA 2012 results in all three subjects (Reading, Mathematics, and Science), and if compared with results from 2009, the only improved area was Mathematics, but even this area was lower in the most recent 2018 cycle. Overall, it can be observed that Kazakhstani students’ results in PISA across all three cycles demonstrated a general trend of stagnation (OECD, 2019b). Recent research has explored possible reasons for Kazakhstani students’ low performance but only in Reading. For example, Muratkyzy (2020)
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