Investigate UV-radiation impacts Sample Clauses

Investigate UV-radiation impacts. Although there is evidence from other amphibian studies that UV-radiation may have an adverse impact on the development of amphibian eggs, recent studies in the southern Rocky Mountain area indicate that UV-radiation does not have direct significant negative impacts on the development or survival of boreal toads (Corn 1998). In later studies, effects of UV radiation on egg and larval development of boreal toads from Colorado, Utah, Washington and Montana were monitored in situ and at a site in Colorado. No adverse impacts were noted during this study (Xxxx et al. unpub. data). However, additional study may be warranted, especially on possible synergistic effects of UV-radiation in combination with other stressors leading to immunosupression (see 4.5 below). UV-radiation may effect the production of food (freshwater algae) for tadpoles. Additionally, an evaluation of the importance of climate-induced variability in dissolved organic carbon (DOC)-mediated UV-B exposure to amphibians, within the context of existing stressors of disease and surface water acidification may be valuable. DOC provides the major control on the depth to which UV radiation penetrates in surface water (Xxxxxxxxx et al. 1996; Xxxxxxxxxx 1996) but the attenuation of UV radiation by DOC is due primarily to the highly photoreactive hydrophobic fraction of DOC (Xxxxxxx 1985; Xxxxxxxx et al. 1995), most of which originates in soil environments (Xxxxxx 1992). Recent research has demonstrated that variability in this hydrophobic fraction is much more important than the total DOC pool in controlling UV attenuation in amphibian habitats in RMNP, CO (Xxxxxx et al. 2000). Progress as of December 2000: Studies have been completed (see above) which indicate there are no direct adverse effects of UV-radiation on boreal toads in the southern Rocky Mountains. Additional studies to examine possible secondary effects via impacts on toad food sources and suppression of the toads' immune response, and to evaluate DOC variability in water bodies in RMNP, are in progress or planned.
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