Impact of Sample Clauses

Impact of aerosol complexity on radiative fluxes and clouds Xxxx Xxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx (University of Reading) In this section, we examine how the complexity of the representation of aerosols in a climate model influences modelled radiative fluxes and the characteristics of modelled clouds. The model used here is the atmosphere-only GA7.1 configuration of Xxxxxx Centre Global Environmental Model version 3 (HadGEM3) (Xxxxxxx et al., 2017). That model uses the Global Model of Aerosol Processes (GLOMAP) (Xxxx et al., 2010), the Prognostic Cloud fraction Prognostic Condensate (PC2) cloud scheme (Xxxxxx et al., 2008), and the Suite Of Community RAdiative Transfer (XXXXXXXX) (a rewritten version of Xxxxxxx and Slingo 1996) radiative transfer code. GLOMAP simulates aerosol mass and number concentrations in five size modes, and represents primary emission, nucleation of new particles, condensation from the gas phase, coagulation, ageing, and dry and wet deposition, so is numerically expensive to run. Consequently, HadGEM3 uses for in PRIMAVERA Stream 1 simulations a simplified, prescribed set of aerosol optical properties and cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNC) to reduce computational cost. There is therefore a need to check that using prescribed aerosols reproduces the aerosol radiative effect and forcing, and cloud fraction and water content, simulated by the more complex model. We have run pairs of 20-year simulations (Table 1.1). The first simulation uses the standard HadGEM3 GA7.1 configuration, with aerosols modelled by GLOMAP. Dedicated diagnostics provide aerosol extinction, absorption, and asymmetry parameter averaged over the 6 shortwave and 9 longwave wavebands used by the SOCRATES radiative transfer code of HadGEM3, and CDNC. Those diagnostics are then averaged monthly and used as inputs to an aerosol prescription system called EasyAerosol (Xxxxxxx et al. 2017). CDNC includes the impact of aerosol changes and is used in the calculation of liquid cloud albedo and auto- conversion rate from liquid cloud water to rain water, which affects precipitation rates. There are no interactions between aerosols and ice clouds in HadGEM3. The only difference between the two simulations is the way aerosols are represented: GLOMAP and EasyAerosol-from-GLOMAP. Two pairs of GLOMAP simulations where runs, using emissions representative of pre-industrial (1850) and present-day (2014) conditions, respectively. In the following, we present differences between each pai...
Sample 1
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Impact of amphipods on the benthic ecosystem The mean relative abundance (R(i), in %) of the different food items in the digestive tract of the most important Weddell Sea amphipod species was presented in Figure 9. The analysed species were chosen on the basis of their relative abundance, each one representing at least 0.4%, on the average, of the total amphipod population collected during each cruise. For the EPOS cruise (1989), these species represent 52.8% of total amphipods (58% of all the samples have been analysed), while, for the EASIZ I cruise (1996), they represent 70.9% of total amphipods (82% of the samples have been investigated) (Xxxxx et al., 2001b). The amphipod trophic impact on the different available food items [T(i), see M&M] of the Weddell sea is presented in Figure 11, for the EPOS and the EASIZ I cruises, respectively. For the EPOS samples, crustaceans appear to be the most frequently consumed items (32%), followed by fish carcasses (18%). If we do not take into account the unidentified organic matter (unrecognizable organic bodies without any specific features like cnidocysts, or without any hard structures like chitinous plates or spicules), particles of planktonic origin represents the third most common item. Sponges, cnidarians and worms (polychaetes and nematodes) are about equally consumed (5 to 7%), while bryozoans and echinoderms represent only a tiny fraction of the amphipod diet. EPOS unidentified Holothuroidea 3% Pisces EASIZ I Holothuroidea 1% Ophiuroidea 1% Bryozoa 2% Pisces 18% organic matter 17% sedimenting plankton 10% Ophiuroidea 5% 1% Bryozoa 3% Crustacea 22% unidentified organic matter 25% Crustacea 32% "worms" 5% Porifera 7% Cnidaria 7% "worms" 4% Cnidaria 3% Porifera 7% sedimenting plankton 27% Figure 11: Mean relative trophic impacts [T(i)] (in %) of the eastern Weddell Sea benthic amphipod community on the different potential food sources, during the EPOS (1989) and EASIZ I (1996) cruises. Inorganic material (sediment grains) were omitted for calculation. Results from the EASIZ I cruise are rather different. Plankton-originating cells (together with the unidentified matter) are the main dietary component (27%), before crustaceans (22%). Fish flesh constitute only a small fraction (5%), of the same order of occurrence as worms, bryozoans or holothuroids. Sponges, with 7%, are the third item in importance in the amphipod diet.
Sample 1

Related to Impact of

  • Leadership Develop strong joint leadership, shift to coaching style of leadership and share information, including financial data.

  • Fire Control Purchaser shall, both independ- ently and in cooperation with Forest Service, take all rea- sonable and practicable action to prevent and suppress fires resulting from Purchaser’s Operations and to sup- press any forest fire on Sale Area. Purchaser’s independ- ent initial fire suppression action on such fires shall be immediate and shall include the use of all necessary per- sonnel and equipment at Purchaser’s disposal on Sale Area or within the distance of Sale Area stated in A13. B7.31 Purchaser’s Reinforcement Obligations. Whenever an Operations Fire or Negligent Fire, whether on or off Sale Area, or any other forest fire on Sale Area, has not been suppressed by initial action and appreciable reinforcement strength is required, Forest Service may require further actions by Purchaser until such fire is con- trolled and mopped up to a point of safety. Such actions may include any or all of the following as necessary to fight such fire: B7.311 Suspend Operations. To suspend any or all of Purchaser’s Operations. B7.312 Personnel. To release for employ- ment by Forest Service any or all of Purchaser’s person- nel engaged in Purchaser’s Operations or timber process- ing within the distance of Sale Area stated in A13. Any organized crew so hired shall include Purchaser’s super- visor, if any. Personnel so employed shall be paid at For- est Service standard emergency fire fighting rates. B7.313 Equipment. To make available for Forest Service rental at fire fighting equipment rates common in the area or at prior agreed rates any or all of Purchaser’s equipment suitable for fire fighting and cur- rently engaged in Purchaser’s Operations within the dis- tance of Sale Area stated in A13. Equipment shall be op- erated only by personnel approved by Purchaser, if so requested by Purchaser.

  • Change Management BellSouth provides a collaborative process for change management of the electronic interfaces through the Change Control Process (CCP). Guidelines for this process are set forth in the CCP document as amended from time to time during this Agreement. The CCP document may be accessed via the Internet at xxxx://xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx.xxx.

  • Number Portability Each Party shall ensure that suppliers of public telecommunications networks or services in its territory provide number portability, to the extent technically and economically feasible, in a reasonable period of time and on terms and conditions that are reasonable and non-discriminatory.

  • Local Number Portability The Permanent Number Portability (PNP) database supplies routing numbers for calls involving numbers that have been ported from one local service provider to another. PNP is currently being worked in industry forums. The results of these forums will dictate the industry direction of PNP. BellSouth will provide access to the PNP database at rates, terms and conditions as set forth by BellSouth and in accordance with an effective FCC or Commission directive.

  • Change in Management Permit a change in the senior management of Borrower.

  • CHANGE DIRECTIVE A Change Directive means a written instruction, which shall be deemed incorporated into and forming part of the Agreement, prepared by the Contract Administrator and signed by the Owner directing the Contractor to proceed with a change in the Work prior to or in the absence of the Owner and the Contractor agreeing upon adjustments in the Contract Price and the Contract Time.

  • Data Portability Operator shall, at the request of the LEA, make Data available including Pupil Generated Content in a readily accessible format.

  • Financial Reductions Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, and at the discretion of the LHIN, the HSP may be subject to a financial reduction in any of the following circumstances:

  • Lead Hand Employee who performs hands-on work in a group or small section of a department (usually four or fewer employees) and directs work assignments and is responsible for its completion. Employees providing work direction or supervision must be layered over (i.e. placed at a higher classification than) all employees to whom direction or supervision is provided. The resulting classification will be determined by the classification levels of the applicable job family.

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