Human Development. The study of Human Development is the study of continuity and/or change in psychological phenomena across the life-span. Within the broader field of Psychology, the study of human development has its own history, includes a specific set of methodologies, traditions, and perspectives, and approaches the study of any psychological phenomenon with a focus on understanding the ongoing interactions between an individual and his/her world. The study of Human Development involves the examination and comparison of multiple theories (both within and across developmental time periods) and a focus on mutually influential (i.e., bidirectional) relationships between biological and ecological (e.g., cultural, historical, and environmental, both physical and social) factors. Coursework in this category is linked not by specific content but by a focus on understanding the ongoing interactions between an individual and his/her world and the role of those interactions in the continuing development of the individual. Coursework might focus on specific developmental time periods (e.g., childhood, adolescence, adulthood, etc.) or on specific areas of human development (e.g., cognitive development across the lifespan, social and emotional development).
Human Development. In addition to broadening the nature of threats considered relevant to security, and conceptualising the human individual as the ultimate referent object of security, a more expansive view of how to achieve security began to emerge. As von Xxxxxxxxxx highlights in her comprehensive work on human security, an important antecedent to human security is found in the concept of human development, an idea robustly promoted by the 127 Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx, The Boundaries of International Law: A Feminist Analysis (Manchester University Press 2000) ch 2-3; Xxxx Xxxxxx, Gender and International Relations (3rd edn, Polity Press 2013) ch 3, 6; V Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx, Gendered States: Feminist (Re)Visions of International Relations Theory (Xxxxx Xxxxxxx 1992) 47-49. 128 Xxxx XxXxxxxxx, Security, Identity and Interests: A Sociology of International Relations (CUP 1999) 87. 129 K Booth, ‘Security and Emancipation’ (1991) 17 Rev Int Stud 320. 130 n 128, 129. 131 R XxXxx, ‘Human Security in a Globalized World’ in R XxXxx and X Xxxxxx (eds), Human Security and the New Diplomacy: Protecting People, Promoting Peace (XxXxxx-Xxxxx’x University Press 2001) 15; Xxxxxxx Xxxxx, ‘Caught Between National and Human Security: Knowledge and Power in Post-Crisis Asia’ (2001) 13(3) Pacifica Review: Peace, Security & Global Change 215, 226. United Nations, and in particular by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).132 Human development captures a wide range of factors, including economic growth, life expectancy, food, education, health, gender empowerment, and levels of crime. These factors, often synthesised into a numeric indicator (the Human Development Index), speak to the broad question of human development: “a process of enlarging people’s choices and capabilities.”133 The central claim of a human development approach is the demand for a holistic strategy to improving people’s lives. It is an approach that seeks to tackle the various but interconnected influences which challenge people’s capabilities; influences which cannot be confronted simply through traditional statist understandings and means.134 While the UNDP began to publish annual reports in 1990, in which it progressively developed this concept of human development, the genesis of the current paradigmatic concept of human security is typically attributed to the UNDP’s Human Development Report of 1994.135 In that report, the concept of sec...
Human Development. A nurse must understand the life cycle of the individual in order to comprehend the individual’s development, motivation for health, and reaction to illness. Clients are in the process of development throughout life, and there are specific levels of client development. Interference may result in an alteration of the developmental process. The RN-BSN student builds on the knowledge of development as referring to the individual’s increasing capacity, skill and functioning related to growth. At this level, development refers to any refinement, improvement, or expansion of a skill associated with a particular phase of the life span (Xxxxxx and Xxxxxx 2012).
