Hazard Characterization Sample Clauses
Hazard Characterization. A wide range of hazard factors (e.g. infectivity, virulence, antibiotic resistance) and host factors (e.g. physiological susceptibility, immune status, previous exposure history, concurrent illness) affect hazard characterization and its associated variability. Epidemiological information is essential for full hazard characterization. While dose-response data are essential for quantitative biological risk assessment, such data are often difficult to obtain for specific hazards.
Hazard Characterization. Hazard characterization describes and evaluates dose-response relationships for the most critical adverse effects reported in the available studies. This includes consideration of mechanistic aspects (e.g. whether the mechanism of action of the chemical observed in often high-dose experimental studies is also relevant to human exposure at lower levels). In cases where the toxic effect results from a mechanism that has a threshold, hazard characterization usually 58 results in the establishment of a safe level of intake, an acceptable daily intake (ADI) or tolerable daily intake (TDI) for contaminants. For some substances used as food additives the ADI may not need to be specified, i.e. no numerical ADI is considered necessary. This may be the case when a substance is assessed to be of very low toxicity, based on the biological and toxicological data, and the total dietary intake of the substance, arising from the levels permitted in foods to achieve the desired function does not represent a hazard.