Enforcers Sample Clauses

Enforcers. When only one or a few migrants are smuggled, it is not essential to have enforc- ers around. Enforcement is especially unnecessary when the migrants are friends or family. The smuggler and his client(s) often live in the same place and may share the same food. However, this does not rule out friction. One migrant com- plained on the phone to his mother in China that he had been waiting at the smuggler’s place for four months for a chance to continue his journey to Eng- land. He had nothing to do and had already seen all the videos from the Chinese video library (case 28). Another migrant complained of too much sun in his room (case 9). But such comments also indicate that these migrants are not maltreated or intimidated by their smugglers. In several cases involving large groups of migrants, there was a much greater distance between the smuggler and his clients. These smugglers often spoke of their clients in degrading terms, such as piglets (zhuzha) and ducks (yazi). This suggests there is a major distance between the smugglers and their clients. Even the smuggled people refer to themselves as ducks to describe their plight. For instance, some unknown illegal migrants who stayed in a safe house had drawn flying ducks on the walls representing themselves (personal observa- tion). The terms piglets or ducks are also suggestive of the business the smug- glers see themselves involved in: transporting ‘livestock’. Just like animals, the smuggled people have no knowledge of their exact location or plans regarding their transportation (Chin, 1999). These terms are never used in smaller smug- gling cases, probably because the workings of social capital create less distance between smuggler and client. Large groups of illegal migrants are customarily put up in safe houses. This is commonly referred to as “duck storage” (case 9). In a similar vein, Chin relates that sometimes safe houses are called “duck houses” (Chin, 1999: 194). These duck houses are characterized by less than favorable conditions. First, they are usually situated in bleak neighborhoods, where the houses are often derelict. Because the safe house is used as temporary housing for migrants, the smugglers are not going to invest time and money installing better plumbing or insulation. The advantage of such neighborhoods is that the level of social control is low. Nobody will report constant arrivals of groups of Chinese people to the police. Second, the migrants are given cheap food (those who want...

Enforcers. 4.1 Upon and with effect from the Restructuring Effective Date [named individuals], being three representatives from the Ad Hoc Steering Committee, shall be the Initial Enforcers until at least three representatives selected in accordance with clause 4.3 have accepted in writing their appointment as Enforcers of this settlement.