Course of depression Sample Clauses

Course of depression. The onset of the first depressive episode can happen at any age from childhood to old age, but the common age of onset lies before age 30 (Xxxxx, Xxxxx, Xxxxxx & Xxx, 1990). Depending on the study depression is defined as late onset depression when the first episode occurs after the age of 55, 60 or 65. In a large representative sample of community-living elderly aged between 65 and 84 of the Amsterdam Study on the Elderly Amsterdam Study of the Elderly (AMSTEL; xxx Xxxx, Xxxxxxx, Lindeboom & xxx Xxxxxxx, 1995), 31% reported the first onset between 50 and 65 and 14% reported the onset after 65. Results from clinical studies comparing early onset depression (EOD) with late onset depression (LOD) have suggested that EOD is associated more with genetic vulnerability and personality disorder, whereas vascular diseases and white matter lesions in the brain are implicated in LOD (Xxxxx, 1997; Xxxxxx et al., 2001). Recent prospective studies argue against the so-called vascular depression hypothesis. Generalized atherosclerosis precedes cognitive decline, but not depression (Vinkers et al., 2005). Symptoms can differ by age and by age of onset. In a study of lifetime symptomatology of depression in the elderly, Xxxx, Xxxxxxx, and Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (2000) found that loss of interest, thought disorder and tiredness were more characteristic for the younger elderly, but did not depend on age of onset. Low spirits and feelings of worthlessness are more frequent in EOD, but did not depend on age. However, in a recent community-based study in an aging population in the Netherlands no clear differences were found in etiology and phenomenology between early and late onset depression (Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx, Comijs, Deeg & Xxxxxx, 2006). In a prospective population-based study of the very old, the Leiden 85-Plus study, no relationship was found between depression and vascular diseases either (Vinkers et al., 2005). Longitudinal research has shown that depression is a recurrent disease in which acute depressive episodes are followed by periods of complete or partial recovery (Xxxx et al, 1999; Xxxxxxx et al, 1999). The mean duration of a depressive episode is between four and six months and most people (87%) recover without treatment within two years (Xxxxxxx et al., 1994). This leaves a substantial minority of 15% for whom the depression is chronic as defined by DSM-IV, i.e., lasting more than two years. The chance of the recurrence of a new depressive episode is high too. Xxxxx...
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