Types of coding categories. The first dimension of the coding scheme for dialogic empathy is dialogicity, namely the potential “otherness” of a turn or move. As shown in Table 3, eight categories are distinguished and ordered in three low-dialogical and five high-dialogical types of moves, ranging from the lowest dialogical category 1 (Managerial) to the more highly dialogical category 8 (Metadialogical reasoning). A move defined as more or less dialogical depending on: (a) the degree to which it opens up the “discourse space for exploration and varied opinions” (X. X. Xxxx and Xxxxxxxxx 2011, 515); and (b) the degree to which it results in productive uptake or successful repair (Chin 2006). Thus, a move is less dialogical when it is not transactive, i.e. when it does not build on the previous discourse, and more dialogical when it is transactive, i.e. when it uses one’s own or others’ previous discourse as an opportunity for further contributing in the dialogue (or in the fulfilment of the dialogue goal, in the case of Metadialogical moves). Dialogicity becomes “actual otherness” when a move is also relevant, namely when reference to the other is done textually, i.e. coherently not only to the topic or task, but also interactionally, i.e. involving the other (relevance dimension). Thus, the dialogicity of a move can be assessed as low or high according to three distinct scenarios: (a) a move is actually low-dialogical, as it does not involve necessarily the other as a dialogic partner; (b) the move is potentially high- dialogical, but not relevant, therefore of a low dialogicity; (c) the move is potentially high-dialogical and relevant, therefore of a high dialogicity. Table 3: The dialogic empathy coding scheme. Dialogicity Relevance Low-dialogical High-dialogical 1. Managerial (MA) 2. Stating (ST) 3. Accepting / Discarding (AC/DC) 4. Expanding (EX) 5. Inviting (IN) 6. Metadialogical (MD) 7. Reasoning (RE) 8. Metadialogical reasoning (MD) ● Irrelevant (-): when the move is off-task/off-topic or it does not refer to a previously stated contribution by another speaker ● Relevant (+): when the move directly refers to a previously stated contribution by another speaker, or to the current state of dialogue in the case of ‘meta-dialogical’ The dimensions and the categories of this coding scheme are summarized below and described in detail in the annexed codebook (see Appendix D).
