Slope stability analysis methods Sample Clauses

Slope stability analysis methods a brief historical review As it is the case for every problem in geotechnical engineering, a complete theoretical solution for a landslide problem must satisfy the following four conditions (Xxxxx and Zdravkovic 1999): - Equilibrium, - Compatibility, - Material constitutive behaviour, - Boundary and initial conditions. Ever since, closed form solutions and in particular analytical and numerical approximations of exact solutions have been developed for landslide problems in geotechnical engineering. Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxx (1846) made already an early attempt to mathematically calculate slope stability. Xxxxxxxxx (1927) proposed an analytical method for the undrained analysis of slopes in 1918, developed the first slice method in 1927 and ended up with the well known Swedish method, else known as ordinary method of slices in 1936. Xxxxxx (1937) refined the Swedish method, proposing the Xxxxxx’x stability chart in 1937. Xxxxxxxxx (1955) back-calculated, by means of the limit equilibrium method, the stability of a circular failure of a slope in Goetheburg from 1916. In the same year, Xxxxxx (1955) published the limit equilibrium method for circular failures well known as Xxxxxx’x simplified method of slices. Xxxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxx (1965) proposed a slice method which satisfies not only the moment equilibrium, but also force equilibrium in both directions for two-dimensional problems. In order to perform stability analyses including possible random, non-circular failure surfaces, Janbu (1973) proposed the method for generalised slip surfaces. Many other researchers further developed their own limit equilibrium methods mainly based on distinct assumptions on the distribution of inter-slice and basal forces (x.x. Xxxxxxx, 1967). Latest developments on the limit equilibrium method were focused amongst others on 3D-effects, improved searching routines for critical failure surfaces and the incorporation of unsaturated soil mechanics (Xxxxx and Xxx 2008). These simple, basically analytical methods of slices which are nowadays solved numerically are used widely in engineering practice and in the scientific community. These analytical solutions fail however to satisfy all four requirements formulated above. In particular, they are inaccurate for modelling the material behaviour throughout the entire loading history. The finite element method which dates back to the late 1950’s (Xxxxxx et al. 1956; Xxxxxx 1960; Xxxxxxx 1960) was the first numerical method with enough flexibili...
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