Overview of Basic HotStuff Sample Clauses

Overview of Basic HotStuff. We start with an overview of the Basic HotStuff protocol [44] tolerating n = 3t + 1. The protocol proceeds in a sequence of consecutive views where each view has a unique leader. Each view of HotStuff progresses as follows: - Promote. The leader proposes a promote message containing a proposal v along with the σhighKey from the highest view known to it and sends it to all parties. On receiving a promote message containing a value v in a view e and a σhighKey, a party sends a vote for v if it is safe to vote based on a locking mechanism (explained later). It sends this vote to the leader. - Key. The leader collects 2t + 1 votes to form a threshold signature σkey in view e. The leader sends the σkey for view e to all parties. On receiving a σkey in view e containing message v, a party updates its highest σkey to (v, e) and sends lock to the leader. - Lock. The leader collects 2t + 1 such votes to form a threshold signature σlock, and sends it to all parties. On receiving σlock in view e containing message v from the leader, a party locks on (v, e) and sends commit message to the leader. - Commit. The leader collects 2t + 1 such votes to form a threshold signature σcommit and sends it to all parties. On receiving σcommit from the leader, parties output the value v. Once a party locks on a given value v, it only votes for the value v in subsequent views. The only scenario in which it votes for a value vj =ƒ v is when it observes a σhighKey from a higher view in a promote message. At the end of a view, every party sends its highest σkey to the leader of the next view. The next view leader collects 2t + 1 such values and picks the highest σkey as σhighKey. The safety and liveness of HotStuff follows from the following: Uniqueness within a view. Since parties only vote once in each phase, a σcommit can be formed for only one value. Safety and liveness across views. Safety across views is ensured using locks and the voting rule for a promote message. Whenever a party outputs a value, at least 2t + 1 other replicas are locked on the value in the view. A party only votes for the value it is locked on. The only scenario in which it votes for a conflicting value vj is if the leader includes a σkey for vj from a higher view in a promote message. This indicates that at least 2t + 1 replicas are not locked on v in a higher view, and hence it should be safe to vote for it. The latter constraint of voting for vj is not necessary for safety, but only for liveness of the pro...
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