Scheme Questions and End States Sample Clauses

Scheme Questions and End States. In explaining our scheme, we use our terminology from Sect. 2. Our new scheme starts with the need for storing state (1, see Fig. 2). If indeed a database is needed and there exists only a single writer (2) that performs state updates, a central database (end state II, see Fig. 2) can be used. If, however, there are multiple writers (2) and there exists the need to control functionality (3) by a specific party a shared central database (III) should be used. Here we assume that there exists such a specific party, and that the writers trust this party. Controlling database functionality may include setting the rules on how database permissions are set (such as create, store, delete), how the data is stored in the database (a relational database or an object oriented database), or how the database can be queried (e.g. ServerSQL, or MySQL). Similarly, if all participants agree that a third party (4) provides states updates, also a shared central database should be used. Note that we omit the question ‘Is public verifiability required?’, in contrast to, for example, Wu¨st and Gervais [56], as we consider this to be a design question. In particular for blockchain, this question is inherent to the technology. For all other technologies some form of public verifiability could be present, for example by giving auditors access to the ledger. Thus, so far we consider that there is a need to store state and multiple participants are present that do not wish to use a single party for state updates. The next question is about transaction interaction. If no transaction interac- tion (5) is required, a distributed database could be used, for example the cloud storage network Storj (IV) [30]. If transaction interaction is required, participants are known (e.g. through a certificate authority) (6), and anyone can join the network (7), again a dis- tributed ledger could be used, for example Ripple (V). When a form of access con- trol (7) is in place, still, a distributed ledger can be used, for example Corda (VI). Note that, in principle, a blockchain could be used in these cases (IV, V, VI). However, other technologies are present that do not lack the current drawbacks of blockchain. As one of the anonymous reviewers pointed out: “Blockchains are often sufficient but not often necessary”. If participants are unknown, then blockchain may provide a solution. Here, our scheme is in line with Xxxxxxx [50] who states that a blockchain can achieve consensus amongst a consortium o...
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