Promotion of Protective Immunity Sample Clauses

Promotion of Protective Immunity. The profound effects of the commensal microbiota on intestinal and immune cell development have best been highlighted by the phenotype of germ-free (GF) mice (20). One of the first deficiencies observed in GF mice was a profound reduction of secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in the intestine and subsequent mono-association of these mice with various bacteria was shown to lead to an increased IgA expression (20, 21). In addition to numerous defects in antibody production, GF mice display various morphological tissue defects in their intestines and these developmental impairments are attenuated following the introduction of gut bacteria (20). Investigations on GF mice also revealed cellular defects in intestinal epithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes as well as in mesenteric lymph nodes (20). Normal functioning of intestinal epithelial cells, including the expression of microbial recognition receptors, defensins, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), was shown to be impaired in GF animals compared to their conventionally raised counterparts (20, 22). Detailed investigations on certain members of the intestinal microbiota served to unravel mechanisms by which commensal bacteria induce immune tolerance (20). For example, investigations on segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) revealed that these Gram-positive bacteria are sufficient to promote T helper 17 cells (Th17) development in the small intestinal lamina propria (20, 23). Th17 effector cytokines enhance epithelial cell tight junctions, induce mucin production, and have been associated with induction of AMPs (20). Colonization of GF mice with SFB resulted in the induction of multiple AMP genes, for example, RegIIIγ (20, 23). Even though Th17 cells are crucial for protecting the host against pathogenic infection, it should be noted that these cells also display an inflammatory potential as observed in different murine models of autoimmune diseases, particularly in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) (20, 24). In addition to Th17 cells, the intestinal microbiota has been shown to affect the development and functioning of regulatory T cells (Treg). Tregs are a special subset of T cells that prevent other immune cells from attacking the body’s own tissues (25). Recently, certain strains within Clostridia clusters XIVa, IV, and XVIII were shown to induce Treg responses in the colon (20, 26). Another prominent human commensal, Bacteroides fragilis, was found to direct the development of FoxP3+ ...
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Related to Promotion of Protective Immunity

  • Rights Protection Mechanisms and Abuse Mitigation ­‐ Registry Operator commits to implementing and performing the following protections for the TLD:

  • Review by the Association of Procurement Decisions The Procurement Plan shall set forth those contracts which shall be subject to the Association’s Prior Review. All other contracts shall be subject to Post Review by the Association.

  • Exclusive Negotiations The State will not bargain collectively or meet with any employee organization other than MSEA-SEIU with reference to terms and conditions of employment of employees covered by this Agreement. If any such organizations request meetings they will be advised by the State to transmit their requests concerning terms and conditions of employment to MSEA-SEIU.

  • DEVELOPMENT OR ASSISTANCE IN DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFICATIONS REQUIREMENTS/ STATEMENTS OF WORK Firms and/or individuals that assisted in the development or drafting of the specifications, requirements, statements of work, or solicitation documents contained herein are excluded from competing for this solicitation. This shall not be applicable to firms and/or individuals providing responses to a publicly posted Request for Information (RFI) associated with a solicitation.

  • WAIVER OF NEGOTIATIONS The Board and Union acknowledge that during negotiations resulting in this Agreement, each party had the right and opportunity to make demands and proposals with respect to any matter and that this Agreement was arrived at by the parties after the exercise of that right and opportunity. The Board and the Union shall voluntarily waive, during the life of this Agreement said rights and each agrees that the other shall not be obligated to negotiate with respect to any subject or matter irrespective of whether such matters or subject is specifically referred to or covered in this agreement, even though such subject or matter may not have been within the knowledge or contemplation of either or both parties at the time negotiations were being conducted or at the time the party signed this Agreement.

  • Collaboration on Compliance and Enforcement A Competent Authority will notify the other Competent Authority when the first-mentioned Competent Authority has reason to believe that an error may have led to incorrect or incomplete information reporting or there is non-compliance by a Reporting Financial Institution with the applicable reporting requirements and due diligence procedures consistent with the Common Reporting Standard. The notified Competent Authority will take all appropriate measures available under its domestic law to address the errors or non-compliance described in the notice.

  • WORK STOPPAGES, SECONDARY BOYCOTTS, AND JURISDICTIONAL DISPUTES 16.1 There will be during the term of this Agreement and as to any work covered hereby, no slowdown, no stoppage of work, no strike and no lockout, it being the good faith and intention of the parties hereto that by the execution of this Agreement, industrial peace shall be brought about and maintained, that the parties shall cooperate to the end that work may be done efficiently and without interruption. In the case of any violation of this Agreement the Employer and the Union shall be notified immediately.

  • Protective Protocols Either Party may use protective network traffic management controls such as 7-digit and 10-digit code gaps on traffic toward each other’s network, when required to protect the public switched network from congestion due to facility failures, switch congestion or failure or focused overload. CLEC and Sprint will immediately notify each other of any protective control action planned or executed.

  • AREAS OF COLLABORATION The School will collaborate under Xxxx Innovation Mission to establish, operate and support ATL in India within the school premises with financial support from NITI Aayog.

  • Promotion of Agreement It is agreed that Vendor will encourage all eligible entities to purchase from the TIPS Program. Encouraging entities to purchase directly from the Vendor and not through TIPS Agreement is a violation of the terms and conditions of this Agreement and will result in removal of the Vendor from the TIPS Program.

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