Common use of Process Routes Clause in Contracts

Process Routes. The ceramic processing can be divided into three main steps: powder processing, shaping, and firing. Brick manufacturing typically includes raw-materials shipping and storing before use. As logistics can of course impact on costs, clustering is a good practice, and brick manufacturers are generally located near clay deposits. For a brick formulation, one or more clays are needed. The raw materials are ground and/or mixed in pug or roll ▇▇▇▇▇. Bricks are then shaped by extrusion from pastes, whereas for roof tile forming, uniaxial pressing is applied to a plastic body using different die designs for several shapes and sizes. After shaping, excess moisture is evaporated by natural or forced drying. Finally, firing is performed in intermittent kilns (mostly) or tunnel kilns (in modern brick plants). After firing, the products are inspected, packed, and stored for later shipping. Gases originating from raw material decomposition or burning out of organic matter and additives are released during the firing schedule before the bodies are densified by sintering93. Electric power is needed by almost all process. It is required by mechanical equipment, such as ▇▇▇▇▇, presses, extruders, and glazing machines, as well as for heating as dryers and kilns need electric power. Particularly in firing processes, heat is usually generated from fossil fuels. These can be solid (such as coal or biomass), liquid (such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)), or gaseous (such as natural gas (NG)). Excess heat from hot gas emissions, may be eventually recovered for drying or preheating purposes, increasing energy efficiency. 92 ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇/growth/sectors/raw-materials/industries/non-metals/cement-lime_en 93 ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/topics/materials-science/ceramics-processing