Geographic distribution of T Sample Clauses

Geographic distribution of T. S profile monitoring stations in SeaDataNet during the period of Jan.-Dec. 2016
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Geographic distribution of T. S profile monitoring stations from research vessels in ICES (left) and WOD 2018 (right) databases during the period of Jan.-Dec. 2016 The International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES) collects data for fishery management in the North Atlantic. The data are disseminated through xxxx://xxx.xxxx.xx . For the period of 2016, ICES observations cover mainly the Nordic Seas (52°W-48°E). The total amount of T/S profiles is 3153. Most of the observations are to the east of 3oE. By comparing the data contributors and amount of contribution per country to ICES and SeaDataNet, it is found that the overlap between the two datasets is smaller than 25%. This leads to a conservative estimate of the total number of available T/S profiles in 2016 of 5466 from the ICES and SeaDataNet. In EMODnet there are 3979 CTD profiles collected in 2016 in Arctic waters excluding Nordic Seas and Russian waters. The data are mainly collected from NMDC, WHOI, Sweden and PANGAEA At the National Oceanographic Data Centre (NODC) in USA, a comprehensive World Ocean Database (WOD) can be found. As shown Figure 3.3.2 (right), there are 3318 profiles in WOD in year 2016 collected from research vessels. The station distribution of WOD is very similar to ICES in Nordic Seas. Hence one may assume that the additional 165 profiles are from US and Canadian coastal waters.
Geographic distribution of T. S profile monitoring stations from float profilers in WOD 2018 databases during the period of Jan.-Dec. 2016 Based on the above analysis, one can conclude that the number of T/S profiles per annum from SeaDataNet, ICES, EMODnet and WOD can reach 18008-19877. It should be noted that this does not include WOD data from gliders and drift buoys. T/S profiles from moorings and ITPs Moorings provide high frequency T/S observations. There are quite a few long-term research projects deploying moorings, for example • Station Xxxx, Nordic Sea: 1 mooring • North of Svalbard (UIB): minimum 1 mooring • A-XXXXX mooring array north of Svalbard: 2-3 moorings (Norwegian Polar Data Centre) • Barents Sea Opening Mooring Array: 5 moorings (IMR-NMDC) • FRAM Program: 3-5 moorings (79 N, PANGAEA) • A-XXXXX: Deep-ocean moorings north of Svalbard: 1-2 moorings • Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Programme: 1 mooring (AU) • UNIS ocean observing system: varying, up to 5 moorings (UNIS) • NABOS II (Nansen and Xxxxxxxx Basins Observational System): up to 13 moorings. (NSF) xxxxx://xxxxx.xxxx.xxx.xxx/NABOS2/data/registered/2018/moorings.php • Xxxxxxxxx Marine Observatory - Environmental Observing CMO-EO: moorings in NW shipping route, Xxxxxx Bay, >5 moorings • ALTIMA Moorings in Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas: 7-12 moorings, (NSF) • Deadhorse/Endicott, Beaufort Sea, 1 mooring (NSF) • IERP moorings in Chukchi Sea: 3 moorings (NSF) • OceanSITES north of 60 N: 31 (29 in the Nordic Seas and 2 in Bering Strait) An introduction to most of the moorings in Nordic Seas can be found in INTAROS deliverable D2.1 (INTAROS, 2018). Metadata of moorings from NSF funded projects can be found in NSF Arctic Data Centre. OceanSITES website has a detailed description on their moorings. A rough calculation gives an estimate of around 65 moorings operating in the Arctic every year. These platforms can generate significant amount of hourly profiles. They measure not only T/S profiles, but also other parameters, e.g. currents and/or biogeochemical parameters. However, most of them are offline, and it is difficult to maintain these moorings in central Arctic. The ITPs can measure temperature or T/S profiles in the upper 800 meters. WHOI has been operating ITPs for more than 10 years. Currently there are still 5 ITPs operated by WHOI in the central Arctic. It is expected that there will be up to 17 ITPs deployed in the next few years. T/S profiles from other sources In addition, there are significant amount of d...

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