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End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing Measurement of the origin average shape of ultralongitudinal profiles of cosmic-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using ray air showers at the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration ETo cite this article: X. Xxx et al JCAP03(2019)018 View the article online for updates and enhancements. You may also like - Limits on point-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos like sources of ultra-high- energy neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Published by IOP Publishing for Sissa Medialab Received: May 26, 2020 Accepted: June 29, 2020 Published: September 3, 2020 2020 JINST Studies on the response of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin a water-Cherenkov detector of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory to atmospheric muons using an RPC hodoscope The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19xxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Abstract: Extensive air showers, 2019 Accepted September 5originating from ultra-high energy cosmic rays, 2019 Published October 8have been suc- cessfully measured through the use of arrays of water-Cherenkov detectors (WCDs). Sophisticated analyses exploiting WCD data have made it possible to demonstrate that shower simulations, 2019 Abstractbased on different hadronic-interaction models, cannot reproduce the observed number of muons at the ground. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with The accurate knowledge of the Surface Detec- tor Array WCD response to muons is paramount in establishing the exact level of this discrepancy. In this work, we report on a study of the response of a WCD of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory to atmospheric muons performed with a hodoscope made of resistive plate xxxxxxxx (RPCs), enabling us to select and reconstruct nearly 600 thousand single muon trajectories with zenith angles ranging from 0◦ to 55◦. Comparison of distributions of key observables between the hodoscope data and the predictions of dedicated simulations allows us to demonstrate the accu- racy of the latter at a level of 2%. As the WCD calibration is based on its response to atmospheric muons, the hodoscope data are also exploited to show the long-term stability of the procedure. P09002 Keywords: Data reduction methods; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Large detector-systems performance; Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors ⃝c 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab xxxxx://xxx.xxx/10.1088/1748-0221/15/09/P09002 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Experimental setup 3 2.1 RPC hodoscope 3 2.2 DAQ and trigger 4 2.3 Acquisition campaigns 5 3 Simulation 6 3.1 Shower simulation 7 3.2 WCD simulation 8 3.3 RPC simulation 9 4 Data reconstruction and performances 9 4.1 Charge reconstruction with the WCD 9 4.2 Trajectory reconstruction with the RPC 10 4.3 Zenith angle and charge distributions 11 5 Response of the WCD to muons: data-simulation comparison 12 6 Scaling factor for the VEM calibration 15 7 Summary and conclusions 16 A Surface detector simulation parameters 16 JINST P09002 The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration 20 2020 1 Introduction‌ The Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory, located at an altitude of ∼1400 m above sea level near Malargüe in the province of Xxxxxxx, Argentina, is the largest facility in the world dedicated to the detection of ultra- high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) in the energy range from ∼1017 eV up to the highest energies [1]. Due to the very low flux at these energies, the observation of UHECRs is performed indirectly by recording the extensive air showers produced by these particles when they interact in the atmosphere. At the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory, extensive air showers are observed using two detection techniques. Telescopes collecting the fluorescence light emitted by atmospheric nitrogen, excited after the passage of the charged particles, allow for the observation of the longitudinal profile of the showers. This technique provides a nearly calorimetric estimate of the energy carried by the primary particle. However, this technique is constrained to nights with low background light conditions, limiting its uptime to below 15%. The identification second detection technique uses a surface detector (SD) array composed of 1660 water-Cherenkov detectors (WCDs) deployed on the ground, in which the light produced in the water by charged particles above the threshold for emitting Cherenkov radiation is efficiently performed for neutrinos collected by three photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The SD operates with a duty cycle close to 100%. The detected signals in the SD are used to determine the arrival direction and to estimate the size of the showers. The shower size of all flavors interacting such events is subsequently converted into the energy of the primary cosmic ray through a calibration based on a subset of events detected by both the surface and fluorescence detectors. This “hybrid” approach allows for a calorimetric estimate of the energy also for events recorded during periods when the fluorescence detector cannot be operated. 2020 JINST The detection and reconstruction of air showers allows not only for studies of the astrophysics of UHECRs, but also represents a unique opportunity to access particle interactions at energies that are far higher than could be achieved by any Earth-based accelerator. The number of muons in showers is particularly sensitive to hadronic interactions taking place during the development of the cascade in the atmosphere atmosphere. Over the last 20 years, increasing numbers of studies (see [2] for a recent review), including the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory, have provided data showing indications of a discrepancy between the number of muons predicted in showers by different hadronic-interaction models and that observed in data. In Auger Observatory, the analyses developed in this context are based on the data from WCDs, from which a muon deficit has been revealed in simulations at large energies around and above 1019 eV [3, 4]. P09002 In the comparison between the observed showers and showers predicted by models, the detailed simulation of the WCD, which includes all the relevant physics processes, accounts for the detector geometry, and simulates the response of the electronics, naturally plays a crucial role. The objective of this work is to probe experimentally this simulation in terms of the response to atmospheric particles, most notably background muons, at different zenith angles. For this purpose, we have designed and deployed a hodoscope composed of resistive-plate xxxxxxxx (RPCs), which, installed on one of the WCDs, enables the selection of single muons passing through the detector. The RPC segmentation allows us to reconstruct muon trajectories and impact points, thus enabling the study of the signal response of the WCD for different zenith angles (from 0◦ up to 55◦) of arriving muons and the comparison with signals predicted by the detector simulation. In addition, the operation of the hodoscope allows us to verify a component of the WCD calibration procedure [5], which relies on the determination of the charge deposited by a vertical and centrally through-going atmospheric muon. As the WCD is not a directional detector, the peak in the charge distribution for vertical centered-muons is obtained by scaling the peak in the charge distribution obtained with the omni- directional muons. The latter is evaluated every minute for all data-taking WCDs, while the scaling factor was measured by means of a dedicated muon telescope on a reference WCD at the beginning of the operation of the Observatory [5, 6]. We took advantage of the RPC hodoscope to repeat with higher precision such a measurement and validate the scaling factor. Overall, two data acquisition campaigns took place with the RPC hodoscope: one to detect muons with more inclined zenith angles (up to 55◦) and the other dedicated to near-vertical muons. The presentation of the measurements, of the data analysis, and of the results is organised as follows. In section 2, we first describe the experimental setup, including a brief description of the features of the WCD, the RPC specifications, the related electronics and trigger system, as well as the different acquisition configurations adopted and the data obtained. The following section 3 illustrates the characteristics of the generated showers and the characteristics of the detector simulation. As for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos the latter, in appendix A we provide a list of the most relevant parameters and their values. In section 4, we explain how the hodoscope data are used to select specific muon geometries and how the associ- ated charge and trajectory are reconstructed. Then we show that the distributions of these basic ob- servables are comparable with nearly tangential trajectories relative those of the simulations and proceed to study, in section 5, the detailed response of the WCD to muons, down to the Earthlevel of single PMTs. No neutrino candidates were found In section 6, we then present the result of the new measurement of the scaling factor of the calibration before concluding in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018section 7. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–2020 2 Experimental setup‌

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing Search for photons with energies above 1018 eV using the origin hybrid detector of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The To cite this article: X. Xxx et al JCAP04(2017)009 You may also like - ATLAS data quality operations and performance for 2015–2018 data-taking X. Xxx, X. Xxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstractet al. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with - Impact of atmospheric effects on the Surface Detec- tor Array energy reconstruction of air showers observed by the surface detectors of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Journal of Cosmology Instrumentation Calibration of the logarithmic-periodic dipole Observatory using an octocopter To cite this article: A. Aab et al 2017 JINST 12 T10005 View the article online for updates and Astroparticle Physics An IOP enhancements. You may also like - ATLAS data quality operations and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultraperformance for 2015–2018 data-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using taking antenna (LPDA) radio stations at the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The G. Xxx, X. Abbott, X.X. Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstractet al. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with - Impact of atmospheric effects on the Surface Detec- tor Array energy reconstruction of air showers observed by the surface detectors of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultraPublished on 27 June 2013. Downloaded by Radboud University Nijmegen on 9/5/2022 10:50:53 AM. Soft Matter PAPER View Article Online View Journal | View Issue Cite this: Soft Matter, 2013, 9, 10493 Received 26th April 2013 Accepted 27th June 2013 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm51163d xxx.xxx.xxx/xxxxxxxxxx Self-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array organization of the Xxxxxx bacterial cell-division protein FtsZ in confined environments† Xxxxx ObservatoryXxxxxxxx,‡a Begon~a Xxxxxxxxxx,‡b Xxxxxxxxxx Xxx Xxxxxxxx,a Esra xx Xxxxxx,a Xxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx,a Germa´n Xxxxx§*b and Xxxxxxx X. X. Xxxx§*a We report a microfluidic approach to generate aqueous droplets in oil of different dimensionality, stabilized by a lipid monolayer, to systematically probe the polymerization of bacterial cell-division protein FtsZ into fibrous networks as a function of the concentrations of crowding agent, FtsZ, and GTP. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos FtsZ bundles confined in droplets were dynamic, and their distribution depended on the intrinsic properties of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to system and restrictions imposed by the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–spatial boundaries.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing JCAP06(2020)017 Search for magnetically-induced signatures in the origin arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using measured at the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19April 23, 2019 2020 Accepted September May 5, 2019 2020 Published October June 8, 2019 2020 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable We search for signals of magnetically-induced effects in the arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays detected at the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. We apply two different methods. One is a search for sets of events that show a correlation between their arrival direction and the inverse of their energy, which would be expected if they come from the same point-like source, they have the same electric charge and their deflection is relatively small and coherent. We refer to these sets of events as “multiplets”. The second method, called “thrust”, is a principal axis analysis aimed to detect the elongated patterns in a region of interest. We study the sensitivity of both methods using a benchmark simulation and we apply them to data in two different searches. The first search is done assuming as source candidates a list of nearby active galactic nuclei and starburst galaxies. The second is an all-sky blind search. We report the results and we find no statistically significant features. We discuss the compatibility of these results with the Surface Detec- tor Array indications on the mass composition inferred from data of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. Keywords: cosmic ray experiments, ultra high energy cosmic rays ArXiv ePrint: 2004.10591 ⃝c 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab xxxxx://xxx.xxx/10.1088/1475-7516/2020/06/017 JCAP06(2020)017 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 The Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory and the data set 2 3 Methods 3 3.1 Multiplets 3 3.2 Thrust ratio 4 4 Target selection and benchmark simulation 4 4.1 Target selection 5 4.2 Benchmark simulation 6 5 Sensitivity studies 8 5.1 Sensitivity of the multiplets method 8 5.2 Sensitivity of the thrust method 11 6 Results of the targeted search 13 7 Results of the all-sky blind search 14 8 Conclusions 16 A Thrust ratio: p-value calculation for the all-sky blind search 18 The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration 22 1 Introduction‌ The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux sources of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum cosmic rays (UHECRs) is one of the main unsolved challenges in astrophysics. Since UHECRs are charged particles, their path from their sources to Earth is modified by the extragalactic and Galactic magnetic fields they traverse, most notably by the latter. The knowledge of these intervening fields is still poor, despite the considerable experimental effort in the area (see e.g. [1–3] and references therein). Another element that makes the magnetic deflections difficult to predict is the uncertain composition of UHECRs. This is due to the fact that measurements of the maximum of the shower development, which depends on the mass of the primary particle, have low statistics at the highest energies and its interpretation depends on the modelling of the hadronic inter- actions. The results from the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory [4–6] indicate that the composition becomes heavier with increasing energy. However, measurements do not rule out a light nu- clei fraction at the highest energies, which might originate in a few nearby sources, different from the average ones. In such a case, the search for magnetically-induced signatures in the arrival directions of UHECRs could help identify this type of sources. Several analysis techniques have been designed to capture this kind of effect, including indirect ways such as in [7]. In this work, we show the results of two different methods applied to perform this search in a direct way, which are referred to as “multiplets” and “thrust”. Multiplets are defined as a set of events that show a correlation between their arrival direction and the inverse of their energy, which is expected if they come from the same source, they have the same electric charge and their deflections are small and remain coherent. The observation of multiplets could enable the accurate identification of the direction of the source and could also provide a new means to probe the Galactic magnetic field by inferring the value of its integrated component orthogonal to the trajectory of cosmic rays. JCAP06(2020)017 A search for multiplets was performed by the Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration in [8]. In that work, data up to 31st December 2010 were used, which amounted to a total exposure of 25,800 km2 sr yr. The results obtained were not statistically significant. The largest multiplet found above 20 EeV had 12 events and the probability that it would appear by chance in an isotropic distribution of events was 6%. There were also two independent 10-plets and the chance probability of having at least three multiplets with a multiplicity equal to or larger than 10 was 20%. With the larger dataset used in this work, the number of events added to these multiplets is not statistically significant when comparing it to the number of events that would be added if the arrival directions were isotropic, with a p-value of 60.5%. In the thrust method, an observable is built from a principal axis analysis in a localized region of the sky, measuring the elongation of a pattern with respect to the center of the region of interest (ROI). The thrust method was applied to data by the Xxxxxx Xxxxx collab- oration in [9], with events detected up to 19th March 2013, amounting to a total exposure of 32,800 km2 sr yr. The measured distributions of the thrust observables with the centroid corresponding to the highest energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–cosmic rays did not reveal any local patterns in the arrival directions of UHECRs. In this work, we update these analyses with more statistics. The data set used, which amounts to a total exposure of 101,900 km2 sr yr, is described in section 2. This is an increase of a factor 4 with respect to [8] and a factor 3 with respect to [9]. The methods used are discussed in detail in section 3. Their expected sensitivity is shown in section 5, using a benchmark simulation described in section 4. The methods are applied to a targeted search on a selection of nearby active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and starburst galaxies (SBGs), candidates to be sites of ultra-high-energy (UHE) acceleration, and the results are presented in section 6. Moreover, in section 7, we apply the methods to an all-sky blind search. Finally, in section 8, we present our conclusions.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal DOI 10.1007/s00330-016-4317-3 CHEST Software performance in segmenting ground-glass and solid components of Cosmology subsolid nodules in pulmonary adenocarcinomas Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx0,2 • Jin Mo Goo 1,3 • Roh-Eul Yoo1 • Xxxxx Min Park1,3 • Xxxxx Xxxx Xxx 1 • Xxxx van Ginneken4 • Xxx Xxxx Xxxxx0 • Young Xxx Xxx 3,6 Received: 8 July 2015 / Revised: 14 February 2016 / Accepted: 2 March 2016 / Published online: 5 April 2016 Ⓒ European Society of Radiology 2016 Abstract Objective To evaluate the performance of software in segmenting ground-glass and Astroparticle Physics An IOP solid components of subsolid nodules in pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Method Seventy-three pulmonary adenocarcinomas mani- festing as subsolid nodules were included. Two radiologists measured the maximal axial diameter of the ground-glass components on lung windows and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing that of the origin solid compo- nents on lung and mediastinal windows. Nodules were seg- mented using software by applying five (-850 HU to -650 HU) and nine (-130 HU to -500 HU) attenuation thresholds. We compared the manual and software measurements of ultraground- glass and solid components with pathology measurements of tumour and invasive components. Results Segmentation of ground-highglass components at a threshold of -750 HU yielded mean differences of +0.06 mm (p = 0.83, 95 % limits of agreement, 4.51 to 4.67) and - 2.32 mm (p < 0.001, -8.27 to 3.63) when compared with pa- thology and manual measurements, respectively. For solid components, mean differences between the software (at - 350 HU) and pathology measurements and between the man- ual (lung and mediastinal windows) and pathology measure- ments were -0.12 mm (p = 0.74, -5.73 to 5.55]), 0.15 mm (p = 0.73, -6.92 to 7.22), and -1.14 mm (p < 0.001, -7.93 to 5.64), respectively. Conclusion Software segmentation of ground-energy cosmic rays glass and solid components in subsolid nodules showed no significant differ- Jin Mo Goo xxxxx@xxxxx.xxx.xx.xx 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 000 Xxxxxx-xx, Xxxxxx-xx, Xxxxx 000-000, Xxxxx 2 Clinique Universitaire de Radiologie et Imagerie Médicale (CURIM), Université Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France 3 Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 4 Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx 00, 0000 XX Xxxxxxxx, Xxx Xxxxxxxxxxx 5 Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ence with neutrinos pathology. Key Points • Software can effectively segment ground-glass and solid components in subsolid nodules. • Software measurements show no significant difference with pathology measurements. • Manual measurements are more accurate on lung windows than on mediastinal windows. Keywords Solitary pulmonary nodule . Lung cancer . Subsolid nodule . Adenocarcinoma . Segmentation Introduction Persistent pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) have been a growing concern in the EeV energy range using last few years because many of them turned out to be pulmonary adenocarcinomas or their precursors [1, 2]. In the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 192011 IASLC/ATS/ERS classification [3], 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with it was recommended to report the Surface Detec- tor Array size of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatorysolid component and entire tumour size separately for part-solid GGNs as the invasive component of pulmonary adenocar- cinoma is closely related to a patient’s prognosis. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos A sub- sequent study showed that the diameter of all flavors interacting the solid com- ponent was a better prognostic predictor than the largest diameter of the whole nodule in adenocarcinomas appearing as part-solid GGNs [4]. Therefore, the atmosphere at large zenith angles, diameter of the solid component as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years size of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum whole nodule is a key element in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–recent recommendations for the management of subsolid nodules [2]. However, when the variability of manual measurements was assessed, 95 % limits of interobserver agreement were reported to be 1.72 mm and 1.73 mm for GGNs and solid nodules, respectively [5, 6]. As for a part-solid GGN, the interob- server measurement variability of solid component may be even higher given the fact that solid components are usually very small, with the largest diameters of no more than a few millimetres. Furthermore, given their slow growth rate, it may not be easy to determine interval changes in GGNs with manual measurements, especially when the solid component is small.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Structure–Activity Relationships International Edition: DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808085 German Edition: DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808085 Nucleophilic versus Electrophilic Reactivity of Cosmology Bioinspired Superoxido Nickel(II) Complexes Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxx+, Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx+, Xxxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx, Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxxx,* Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx,* Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx,* and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Xxxxxx Xxx* Dedicated to Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx on the occasion of his 75th birthday Abstract: The formation and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array detailed spectroscopic character- ization of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earthfirst biuret-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–containing monoanionic superoxido-

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All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics Interpretation of the depths of maximum of extensive air showers measured by the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory To cite this article: JCAP02(2013)026 View the article online for updates and enhancements. You may also like - A RESOLVED CENSUS OF MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM TAURUS MULTIPLE STAR SYSTEMS Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxx, Xxxx X. Xxxxxxx, Xxxxx X. Xxxxxx et al. - Handling of beam spectra in training and application of proton RBE models Xxxx Xxxxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxx and Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx - The role of the hadron initiated single electromagnetic subcascades in IACT observations Xxxxxx Sobczyska This content was downloaded from IP address 195.169.219.102 on 09/09/2022 at 12:54 J ournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing JCAP02(2013)026 Interpretation of the origin depths of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using maximum of extensive air showers measured by the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June December 14, 2012 Accepted January 26, 2013 Published February 19, 2019 Accepted September 2013 Abstract. To interpret the mean depth of cosmic ray air shower maximum and its disper- sion, we parametrize those two observables as functions of the first two moments of the ln A distribution. We examine the goodness of this simple method through simulations of test mass distributions. The application of the parameterization to Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory data allows one to study the energy dependence of the mean ln A and of its variance under the assumption of selected hadronic interaction models. We discuss possible implications of these dependences in term of interaction models and astrophysical cosmic ray sources. Keywords: ultra high energy cosmic rays, cosmic ray experiments ⃝c 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2013/02/026 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 A method to interpret (Xmax⟩ and σ(Xmax) 2 3 Testing the method with simulation 3 4 Application to data 6 6 Conclusions 11 A Parameterization of the shower mean depth and its fluctuations 12 JCAP02(2013)026 The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration 16 1 Introduction‌ The most commonly used shower observables for the study of the composition of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) are the mean value of the depth of shower maximum, ⟨Xmax⟩, and its dispersion, σ(Xmax). Inferring the mass composition from these measurements is subject to some level of uncertainty. This is because their conversion to mass relies on the use of shower simulation codes which include the assumption of a hadronic interaction model. The various interaction models [1] have in common the ability to fit lower energy accelerator data. However, different physical assumptions are used to extrapolate these low energy interaction properties to higher energies. Consequently they provide different expectations for ⟨Xmax⟩ and σ(Xmax). The first aim of this paper is to discuss how the mean value of the depth of shower maximum and its dispersion can be used to interpret mass composition even in the presence of uncertainties in the hadronic interaction modeling. Furthermore, we discuss the different roles of the two observables, ⟨Xmax⟩ and σ(Xmax), with respect to mass composition. In the interpretation of data they are often used as different, and independent, aspects of the same phenomenon. However it is not true to say that both parameters reflect the cosmic ray composition to the same extent. According to the superposition model [2] ⟨Xmax⟩ is linear in ⟨ln A⟩ and therefore it actually measures mass composition for both pure and mixed compositions. But, we will show that the behaviour of σ(Xmax) is more complex to interpret as there is no one-to-one correspondence between its value and a given mean log mass. Only in the case of pure composition is this correspondence unique. In this paper we refine the analysis method originally proposed by Xxxxxxx [3, 4] and apply it to the Auger data. The Xxxxxx Xxxxx Collaboration has published results on the mean and dispersion of the Xmax distribution at energies above 1018 eV [5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract6]. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with In this work we apply the Surface Detec- tor Array proposed method to convert those observables to the first moments of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatorylog lnA mass distribution, namely ⟨ln A⟩ and σ2 . The identification paper is efficiently performed organized as follows. In section 2 we discuss the parameterization for neutrinos ⟨Xmax⟩ and σ(Xmax). In section 3 we test the method with shower simulations assuming different mass distributions. Section 4 describes the application of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative method to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their fluxdata. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to discussion of the diffuse flux results and the conclusions follow in sections 5 and 6 respectively. The details of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum the parameterization and the best fit values for the hadronic interaction models are summarized in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–appendix A.

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All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Giustizia consensuale RIVISTA SEMESTRALE diretta da Xxxxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxx e Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx - Editoriale Scientifica Direttrici Xxxxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxx (Università di Trento); Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx (Università di Firenze) Direttrice Responsabile Xxxxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxx Comitato Scientifico: Xxxx Xxxxxxx (University of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Cambridge); Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo); Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E(Universitat xx Xxxxxxxx); Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxx (Universitat xx Xxxxxxxx); Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx (Università di Roma Tor Vergata); Xxxxx X. Xxxxx (New York University); Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano); Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx (Università di Xxxx Xxxxxxxx); Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx (Università di Trento); Daria de Pretis (Università di Trento); Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx (Università di Milano Bicocca); Xxxxxxxx Xx Xxxxxxx (Università xx Xxxxxxx); Xxxxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx (Università di Cagliari, Scuola Nazionale dell’Amministrazione); Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx (Università di Trento); Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxxxx (Deutsche Universität für Verwaltungs- wissenschaften Speyer); Xxxxx Xx (Peking University); Xxxxxx Xxxxxx (Università di Parma); Xxxx X. Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx (Universidad xx Xxxxxxxx); Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed Xxxxxxx (Universidad xx Xxxxxxxx); Xxxxxxxxx X. Xxxxx (Università di Pisa); Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx (Università di Trento); Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx (Università di Trento); Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx (Università di Padova); Xxxx Xxxxxx (Università di Trento); Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx (Università di Trento); Xxxxxxxx Xxxxx (Università di Trento); Xxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx (Università di Milano La Statale); Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx (Università di Roma Tre); Xxxxx Xxxx (Stanford Law School); Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx (Università di Firenze); Xxxxx Xxxxxx (Washington University in St. Xxxxx); Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx (Università di Trento); Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx (Università di Firenze); Xxxx Xxxxxxxxx (Università di Milano La Statale); Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin); Xxxxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxxxx (Università di Bologna) Comitato Editoriale: Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx (Università di Trento); Xxxxxxxx Xxxx (Università di Trento); Xxxx Xxxxxxxx (Zhongnan University of Economics and Law); Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx (Università di Trento); Xxxx Xxx Xxxxx (San Diego State University); Xxxxx Xxxxx (Università xx Xxxxxxx); Xxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxxxx (MPI Luxembourg for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–Procedural Law); Xxx Xxxxxxxxxx (Università di Roma Tre); Xxxxx Xxxxx (Università di Bologna); Xxxxxxxx Xxxxx (Università di Padova)

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory ◥ RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY CORTICAL GENETICS The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array genetic architecture of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatoryhuman cerebral cortex Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxx*† and Xxxx Xxxxxxxxx*† et al. and 26% (SE = 2%) in average thickness; surface area and thickness showed a negative genetic correlation (rG = −0.32, SE = 0.05, P = 6.5 × 10−12), which suggests that genetic influ- ences have opposing effects on surface area and thickness. Bioinformatic analyses showed that total surface area is influenced by genetic var- iants that alter gene regulatory activity in neu- ral progenitor cells during fetal development. By contrast, average thick- INTRODUCTION: The identification cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities. Variations in human cortical surface area and thickness are associated with neurological, psychologi- cal, and behavioral traits and can be measured in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Studies in model organisms have identified average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 cortical regions with known functional specializations. RESULTS: We identified 369 nominally genome- wide significant loci (P <5 × 10−8) associated with cortical structure in a discovery sample ◥ ON OUR WEBSITE Read the full article at http://dx.doi. org/10.1126/ science.aay6690 .................................................. ness is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting influenced by ac- tive regulatory elements in the atmosphere at large zenith anglesadult brain samples, which may reflect processes that occur after mid-fetal devel- opment, such as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earthmyelina- tion, branching, orpruning. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–genes that influence cortical structure, but little is known about common genetic var- iants that affect human cortical structure.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal High-Speed Key Encapsulation from NTRU Xxxxxxx Xx¨lsing1(✉), Joost Rijneveld2(✉), Xxxx Schanck3,4(✉), and Xxxxx Schwabe2(✉) 1 Department of Cosmology Mathematics and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Computer Science, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands xxxxxxx@xxxxxxxx.xxx 2 Digital Security Group, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands xxxxx@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xx, xxxxx@xxxxxxxxxx.xxx 3 Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada 4 Security Innovation, Wilmington, MA, USA xxxxxxxx@xxxxxxxxx.xx Abstract. This paper presents software demonstrating that the 20- year-old NTRU cryptosystem is competitive with more recent lattice- based cryptosystems in terms of speed, key size, and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing ciphertext size. We present a slightly simplified version of textbook NTRU, select parame- ters for this encryption scheme that target the origin of ultra128-highbit post-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos quantum security level, construct a KEM that is CCA2-secure in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19quantum random oracle model, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable and present highly optimized software targeting Intel CPUs with the Surface Detec- tor Array AVX2 vector instruction set. This software takes only 307 914 cycles for the generation of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatorya keypair, 48 646 for encapsu- lation, and 67 338 for decapsulation. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith anglesIt is, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earthbest of our knowledge, the first NTRU software with full protection against timing attacks. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. singleKeywords: Post-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultraquantum crypto · Lattice-highbased crypto · NTRU · CCA2-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–secure KEM · QROM · AVX2

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All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal doi:10.1068/c11129 What kind of Cosmology leadership do we need for climate adaptation? A framework for analyzing leadership objectives, functions, and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos tasks in the EeV energy range using the climate change adaptation Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory Xxxxxxxxx Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Management Research, PO Box 9108, 6500 HK Nijmegen, The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration ENetherlands; e-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx X.Xxxxxxxxx@xx.xx.xx Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx¶ Wageningen University, Public Administration and Policy Group, PO Box 8130, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands; e-mail: Xxxxxx.Xxxxxxx@xxx.xx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 11 May 2011; in revised form 17 February 2012 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV This paper explores the relevance of various leadership concepts for climate change adaptation. After defining four main leadership challenges which are detectable derived from the key characteristics of climate adaptation issues, a review of modern leadership theories addressing these challenges is presented. On the basis of this review we develop an integrative framework for analyzing leadership for climate change adaptation. It distinguishes between various leadership functions which together contribute to climate change adaptation: the political–administrative, adaptive, enabling, connective, and dissemination functions. Each function requires the execution of specific leadership tasks which can be performed by different types of leaders, such as positional leaders, ideational leaders, sponsors, boundary workers, policy entrepreneurs, or champions. The framework can be used to analyze or monitor the emergence and realization of specific leadership functions and to specify the need for strengthening particular functions in practices of climate adaptation. Keywords: climate adaptation, leadership, leadership functions, leadership tasks, adaptability Introduction Climate change is undoubtedly one of the most urgent policy issues of our times. There is now a general recognition that climate change will occur and that nearly all countries will be affected. This is because past and current international efforts to mitigate climate change through a significant reduction of global carbon dioxide emissions are not sufficient to avoid dangerous climate change (Xxxxxxxxxx et al, 2010). In this light, one of the major objectives of the International Panel on Climate Change is to study and report on vulnerability and adaptability of countries’ environment and socioeconomic systems. Climate adaptation comprises “ … all spontaneous responses and planned action taken to cope with the Surface Detec- tor Array impacts of, or reduce vulnerability to, a changing climate. Such adaptation is needed to tackle current problems or anticipate possible future changes, with the aim of reducing risk and damage cost effectively, and perhaps even exploiting potential benefits” (Xxxxx et al, 2009, page 25). In more general terms, adaptation to climate change involves adjustments of infrastructure, agriculture, urban and regional planning, and issues of nature preservation and energy supply (Xxx Xxxxxxxx et al, 2009). ¶ Corresponding author. In his classical study of the differences between management and leadership Xxxxxx (1990) argues that, where management is needed to produce orderly results efficiently, leadership is needed for realizing useful change. Since adaptation to climate change often requires a change in existing policies, practices, and institutions, this contribution departs from the view that there is a substantial need for leadership to devise and implement adaptation policies. A search of the literature in the context of adaptation to climate change(1) reveals that, first, most journal publications on leadership and climate change deal with leadership in the context of mitigation policies (eg, Xxxxx Observatoryand Xxxxx, 2000; Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxxxx, 2007). Second, contributions which refer to leadership in the context of climate change adaptation tend to identify it as only one of the factors needed for successful adaptation (eg, Xxxxx, 2010; Xxxxx et al, 2010) or to manage local-level conflicts between mitigation and adaptation measures (eg, Xxxxxxxxx et al, 2009). Others consider leadership at only a high level of abstraction—like Underdal (2010), who compares the merits of the collective action model (involving centralized leadership) versus adaptive governance in responding to complex governance challenges such as climate change. These examples do not take leadership as their main focus and fail to address it in a theoretically informed and systematic way. With this paper we aim to fill this apparent gap by exploring the relevance of modern leadership concepts for climate change adaptation. As there is an impressive body of current literature on leadership in general [for a good general review see, for example, Xxxxxx et al (2009)], we necessarily had to make a selection of leadership theories that are particularly useful for studying leadership for climate adaptation. We have based our selection on the key characteristics and related leadership challenges of climate change adaptation. First, when considering climate adaptation, we observe an important role for government actors and public policy (Xxxxxxxxx et al, 2010). Both private and public parties may play a crucial role in realizing climate adaptation. Citizens, industries, or farmers may adapt autonomously, for example by moving out of flood-prone areas or by growing new crops. However, in modern societies public policy is crucial to climate adaptation. In a way this is unsurprising, since many of the proposed policy options for adaptation—for instance, the strengthening of xxxxx or the creation of space for rivers— are collective action problems that need to be addressed by public policy (Osberghaus et al, 2010). Therefore, we first turn to the role of leadership in the policy process. Second, climate adaptation creates a need for coordinating different levels, actors, and sectors (Xxxxxxxx et al, 2010; Xxxx-Xxxxx, 2009). As is the case in many other policy areas, knowledge and other resources are disseminated amongst a network of actors. In a ‘shared power’ world there is a need for coordination between various levels of government (Xxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx, 2007), policy sectors, and public and private actors. Third, policies of climate change adaptation need to take into account the relevance of the interactions between social and ecological systems (Xxxxx et al, 2005). Most adaptation options have an impact on natural or ecological systems, such as water systems, agricultural land, or nature; and feedback from the natural system—such as flood events, periods of drought, or heat waves—plays an important role in the adaptation process. Because of these interactions between social and ecological systems there is a need to be sensitive to feedback mechanisms and to anticipate long-term consequences of climate change. The identification need for using a long-term perspective in developing and implementing adaption options is efficiently performed pressing: new xxxxx are being designed to guarantee safety for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative least a few decades; and to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–be able to

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Neuroethics (2015) 8:327–334 DOI 10.1007/s12152-015-9241-8 ORIGINAL PAPER A Reason To Be Free Operationalizing ‘Free Action’ Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx • Xxx Xxxxxxxxx Received: 20 July 2015 / Accepted: 12 October 2015 / Published online: 31 October 2015 Ⓒ Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015 Abstract Recent Libet-style experiments are of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative limited relevance to the Earthdebate about free action and free will, and should be understood as investigations of arbitrary actions or guesses. No neutrino candidates were found In Libet-style experiments, the con- cept of 'free action' is commonly taken to refer to a 'self- initiated voluntary act', where the self prompts an action without being prompted. However, this idea is based on the problematic assumption that the conscious self needs to be free from every constraint in ∼ 14.7 years order to be actually free. We maintain that a fundamental condition for free action is the presence of data taken up reasons to 31 August 2018act responsibly. By analyzing a recent neuroscientific experiment, we indi- cate how its results could be interpreted as indicating how free action operationalization is inappropriately focusing on arbitrary actions. Hence, the way free action has been experimentally studied may have had a mis- leading influence on the debate about free will. Keywords Free will . Free action . Voluntary action . Libet . Free selection paradigm . Responsibility. Self generated action . Reasons . Cues . Self Introduction This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. singlepaper claims that Libet-flavor limit to style experiments have rela- tively minor implications for the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–debate about freedom of

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos Instrumentation Muon counting using silicon photomultipliers in the EeV energy range using To cite this article: A. Xxx et al 2017 JINST 12 P03002 View the article online for updates and enhancements. You may also like - ATLAS data quality operations and performance for 2015–2018 data-taking AMIGA detector of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The observatory G. Xxx, X. Abbott, X.X. Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstractet al. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with - Impact of atmospheric effects on the Surface Detec- tor Array energy reconstruction of air showers observed by the surface detectors of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal 5382 Macromolecules 2010, 43, 5382–5386 DOI: 10.1021/ma100624h Controlled Bending of Cosmology Microscale Au-Polyelectrolyte Brush Bilayers Xxx X. Xxxxx† and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Xxxxxxx X. X. Xxxx*,†,‡ †Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K., and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing ‡Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 000, 0000 XX Xxxxxxxx, Xxx Xxxxxxxxxxx Received March 22, 2010; Revised Manuscript Received May 4, 2010 ABSTRACT: Free-standing Au-polyelectrolyte brush bilayer objects were fabricated by a facile route based on microcontact printing and chemical etching. Patterned poly(methacryloxyethyltrimethyl- ammonium chloride) (PMETAC) brushes were grown on a gold-coated silicon wafer, which was etched to produce free-standing bilayer objects. These bilayers, produced with different thicknesses of Au, were imaged by optical microscopy in suspension in water and in NaCl solutions of varying concentrations. The radius of curvature of these objects was used to extract values for the origin surface stress induced by the brush in salted and salt-free regimes and to investigate the time scale of ultrathe brush swelling transition, demonstrating that this technique can be used to probe the mechanical properties of stimulus-highresponsive brushes. Introduction Polyelectrolyte brushes provide a facile route to robust stimu- lus-energy cosmic rays responsive surfaces: they are easily synthesized with neutrinos good control over grafting density, thickness, and other parameters;1,2 they are easily patterned by microcontact printing;3,4 and they have been shown to respond to a wide range of stimuli.2,5-9 The behavior of end-grafted polymer chains is governed by the balance between the chains’ conformational entropy, which favors a random coil conformation, and interchain interactions, which may be entropic, electrostatic, or steric.10,11 Because of the constraint imposed on the chain ends by the grafting, these repulsive interchain interactions give rise to a mechanical stress within the brush.12-15 These mechanical stresses can be harnessed to create nanoscale actuators which deform in response to an environmental change. Polyelectrolyte brushes have been used,16-18 for example, to reversibly bend an AFM cantilever in response to electrochemical processes19 or to changing pH and salt concentration;20 neutral brushes responsive to solvent quality21 and temperature22 have been used in similar experiments. However, these systems are, by their nanoscale nature, difficult to observe and characterize, since the EeV energy range using deformations produced are invisible to optical micro- scopy and often have a low signal-to-noise ratio due to the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory effects of thermal drift and fluctuations in solution conditions.23 The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration cantilever substrates also introduce an element of com- plication, since they consist of multiple layers of different materials, the properties of which must be known and modeled accurately. In some previous studies, the strain within a polymer film has been determined from measurements of the curvature of micro- scale polymer-metal bilayer objects,24-26 demonstrating that it is possible to use bilayer curvature to calculate the strain within the stressed layer. This provides a convenient methodology for quantifying, understanding, and hence learning to control and harness the mechanical stresses in polymer brushes. By fabricat- ing free-standing Au-polyelectrolyte brush bilayer objects and measuring their curvature, the origins of these mechanical stresses can be better understood. *Corresponding author. E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19xxxx0@xxx.xx.xx, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstractx.xxxx@xxxxxxx.xx.xx. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–Experimental Section

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal & Reaction Mechanisms An Unprecedented Retro-Xxxx Rearrangement Revealed by ESI- MS/MS, IRMPD Spectroscopy, and DFT Calculations** Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx,*[a, b] Xxxxxxxx Xxxxx,[b] Xxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxx,[b] Xxx Xxxxxx,[c] Xxxx Xxxxxx,[c] and Xxxxxxxxx Xx Xxxxxxx*[b] Abstract: Brønsted acids and protic solvents mediate acyl transfer, known as the Xxxx rearrangement, from imidates to the corresponding acylamides. This represents a key step in several reactions, for example, the Ugi four-component re- action (U-4CR) and Passerini three-component reaction (P- 3CR). Herein, an unprecedented break of Cosmology the non-reversibili- ty of the Xxxx rearrangement is reported. A combination of electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS), in- frared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) ion spectroscopy and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing theoretical calculations demonstrates the origin occurrence of ultrathe retro-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos Xxxx rearrangement of protonated isopeptides in the EeV energy gas phase. In the gas phase, the extra proton acquired during ESI promotes the backward isomerisation reaction in a catalytic fashion. Introduction First discovered in 1910,[1] the Xxxx rearrangement stands for intramolecular acyl transfer that describes the conversion of acylimidate into acylamide products. Although it was origi- xxxxx understood as a [1,3]O,N-acyl shift, its definition has been extended over the years to include a wider range using of acyl and thioacyl group transfers (Scheme 1).[2] Such generalisation arises essentially from the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory diffusion of isocyanide-based multi- component reactions, such as the Ugi and Passerini reactions, in which the Xxxx rearrangement represents the final reac- tion step.[3] Recent theoretical studies on these important chemical transformations show that the Xxxx rearrangement is not rate determining, but proceeds conversely with a rela- tively low activation barrier.[4] The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration EXxxx rearrangement was found to be strongly exothermic and thermodynamically drove the entire process.[4] The proton-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19transfer process that promotes isomerisation is also noteworthy. Brønsted acids, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–or even the

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Consolidative Dendritic Cell-based Immunotherapy Elicits Cytotoxicity against Malignant Mesothelioma Joost P. Hegmans1, Joris D. Veltman1, Xxxxxxxxxx X. Lambers1, I. Xxxxxxx X. de Vries2, Xxxx X. Figdor2, Xxxx X. Hendriks1, Henk C. Hoogsteden1, Xxxx X. Lambrecht1,3, and Xxxxxxx X. Aerts1,4 1Department of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; 2Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences (NCMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; 3Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; 4Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands Rationale: We previously demonstrated that dendritic cell-based immunotherapy induced protective antitumor immunity with a pro- longed survival rate in mice. However, the origin of ultraclinical relevance is still in question. To examine this, we designed a clinical trial using chemo- therapy followed by antigen-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos pulsed dendritic cell vaccination in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–mesothelioma patients.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Multi-user Security of Cosmology the Elephant v2 Authenticated Encryption Mode Xxx Beyne1, Yu Long Chen1, Christoph Dobraunig2, and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Bart Mennink3(✉) 1 KU Leuven and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing imec-COSIC, Leuven, Belgium 2 Lamarr Security Research, Graz, Austria 3 Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands xxxxxxxx@xx.xx.xx Abstract. One of the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos finalists in the EeV energy range using NIST Lightweight Cryptography competition is Elephant v2, a parallelizable, permutation-based authen- ticated encryption scheme. The original first/second-round submission Elephant v1/v1.1 was proven secure against nonce-respecting adversaries in the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration Esingle-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19user setting. For the final round, 2019 Accepted September 5the mode has undergone certain subtle modifications, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array most important one being a change in the authentication portion of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatorymode. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–These changes require a new dedicated security proof.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Published in JCAP as DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2019/11/004 Limits on point-like sources of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of arXiv:1906.07419v2 [astro-ph.HE] 8 Nov 2019 ultra-high-energy cosmic rays neutrinos with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration Collaboration Observatorio Xxxxxx Xxxxx, Malargu¨e, Argentina E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with With the Surface Detec- tor Array Detector array (SD) of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx ObservatoryObservatory we can detect neutrinos with energy between 1017 eV and 1020 eV from point-like sources across the sky, from close to the Southern Celestial Pole up to 60◦ in declination, with peak sensitiv- ities at declinations around ∼ −53◦ and ∼ +55◦, and an unmatched sensitivity for arrival directions in the Northern hemisphere. The identification is efficiently A search has been performed for highly-inclined air showers induced by neutrinos of all flavors interacting flavours with no candidate events found in data taken between 1 Jan 2004 and 31 Aug 2018. Upper limits on the atmosphere at large zenith anglesneutrino flux from point-like steady sources have been derived as a function of source declination. An unrivaled sensitiv- ity is achieved in searches for transient sources with emission lasting over an hour or less, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative if they occur within the field of view corresponding to the Earthzenith angle range between 60◦ and 95◦ where the SD of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory is most sensitive to neutrinos. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultraKeywords: Ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in cosmic rays and neutrinos, extensive air showers, surface xx- xxxxxx arrays, Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory, Multimessenger astronomy 1 Introduction 1 2 The neutrino search at the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory 2 3 Sensitivity of the Observatory to point-like neutrino sources 4

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Copyright B 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Xxxxxxxx & Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx X. X. xxx Xxxxxxxxx, MD, PhD, MA Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx, PhD Xxxxxxxx A. H. H. V. M. Xxxxxxxx, MD, PhD Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx, PhD Comparison of Cosmology Attitudes of Guilt and Astroparticle Physics Forgiveness in Cancer Patients Without Evidence of Disease and Advanced Cancer Patients in a Palliative Care Setting K E Y W Cancer O R D S Background: Attitudes toward guilt and forgiveness may be important factors determining distress in cancer patients. Direct comparative studies in patients Curative care Distress Forgiveness Guilt Palliative care Religion with different life expectancies exploring attitudes toward guilt and forgiveness are lacking. Also, sociodemographic and religious characteristics determining the attitudes toward guilt and forgiveness are unknown. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare attitudes toward guilt and forgiveness in cancer patients without evidence of disease and advanced cancer patients. Methods: A descriptive research design was used. Ninety-seven patients without evidence of disease and 55 advanced cancer patients filled out the Dutch Guilt Measurement Instrument and the Forgiveness of Others Scale. Results: Both groups had an attitude of nonreligious guilt and forgiveness, but not of religious guilt. No significant differences in attitudes toward guilt and forgiveness were observed between the 2 groups. In contrast to sociodemographic characteristics, religious characteristics were relevant predictors for guilt and forgiveness. Significant differences in relations between images of God and attitudes toward guilt were observed between the 2 patient groups. Conclusions: An IOP attitude of nonreligious guilt and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing forgiveness was found in cancer patients, irrespective of the origin stage of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays disease. Religious characteristics were significantly associated with neutrinos attitudes of guilt and forgiveness. This correlation differed in the EeV energy range using early and the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory advanced Author Affiliations: Department of Medical Oncology (Drs xxx Xxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxx), Department of Empirical Theology, Faculty of Theology (Drs xxx Xxxxxxxxx and Schilderman), Expert Centre of Palliative Care (Xx Xxxxxxxx), and Department of Medical Psychology (Xx Xxxxx), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Medical Oncology (Xx xxx Xxxxxxxxx), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam the Netherlands. This study was funded in part by the Dutch Comprehensive Cancer Centre East. The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration Eauthors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Correspondence: Xxxxxxx X. X. xxx Laarhoven, MD, PhD, MA, Depart- ment of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, X0-mail000, 0000 XX Xxxxxxxxx, xxx Xxxxxxxxxxx (x.xxxxxxxxxxxx@xxx.xxx.xx). Accepted for publication November 27, 2011. DOI: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 1910.1097/NCC.0b013e318243fb30 setting of disease. Implications for Practice: The observed relations between religious characteristics and attitudes of guilt and forgiveness suggest that a careful examination of the role of religious beliefs and values is relevant in the clinical care of patients with cancer, 2019 Accepted September 5both in the setting of early and advanced disease. O ne of the main goals for cancer nursing is the alle- viation or amelioration of patients’ distress. Distress is a multifactorial unpleasant emotional experience of a psychological (cognitive, 2019 Published October 8behavioral, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable emotional), social, and/or spiritual nature that may interfere with the Surface Detec- tor Array ability to cope effectively with cancer, its physical symptoms, and its treatment.1 The National Comprehensive Cancer Network classifies the experience of guilt as one of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. important as- pects that should be considered in distress management.1 The identification importance of this aspect is efficiently performed for neutrinos underscored by several studies that have assessed the relation between distress and feelings of all flavors interacting guilt about one’s own role in the atmosphere at large zenith anglesdevelopment of cancer. For example, breast cancer survivors who blamed themselves for their cancer reported more mood disturbance and poorer quality of life than women who did not blame themselves.2 Similarly, in a study of patients with lung, breast, or prostate cancer, the belief that one caused one’s own cancer was cor- related with higher levels of anxiety and depression.3 The concept of guilt is closely linked to forgiveness. There can be forgiveness only where we can accuse someone of something, presume someone to be guilty, or declare him/her guilty.4 Several studies have shown that an attitude of forgive- ness is associated with decreased distress. For example, in pa- tients with coronary artery disease, higher levels of forgiveness were associated with lower levels of anxiety, depression, and perceived stress, as well as lower cholesterol levels.5 In fact, for- giveness may be related to less physiological reactivity to stress and improved mental health.6,7 Both guilt and forgiveness may be regarded as basic psy- chosocial phenomena. Guilt can be defined as an affective state in which one experiences having done something that one be- lieves one should not have done, or, vice versa, having not done something one believes one should have done. Thus, guilt may include a far broader range of experiences than self- blame about the cause of one’s cancer. Feelings of guilt may develop because of an argument with a friend, a marriage that did not persist, a task that could not be completed, or a life that could not be lived according to one’s own ideals. As such, all these experiences of guilt may induce distress. From a psy- chosocial perspective, forgiveness may be regarded as an adap- tive process of emotion-focused coping that has functional utility in overcoming negative mood states such as anger, anxiety, depression, and guilt.8 It may serve as an antidote for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos toxic bitterness.9 Although experiences with nearly tangential trajectories relative both forgiveness of others and being forgiven may be encountered in clinical practice, in a previous study it has been shown that forgiving others was a more prominent issue for cancer patients.10 However, guilt and forgiveness are not only basic psychoso- cial phenomena; they have another nature as well. The words guilt and forgiveness may evoke existential or spiritual and re- ligious associations.11 From this perspective, guilt refers not only to an affective state, but also to the Earthfundamental expe- rience that human beings are fallible. No neutrino candidates were found Our very possibility to act, to live our lives in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken the way we do, implies we could also have acted and lived in a different way. If we do not manage to live a life that can hold up to 31 August 2018our standards of sense and meaning, this can lead to the expe- rience of guilt. In a religious context, guilt implies not only that our own personal or societal standards have not been met, but also that our relationship with God is disturbed by this failure.12 Guilt may be experienced in terms of sin. Similarly, forgiveness may not only function as an adaptive process to overcome negative mood states, but may also evoke the fundamental experience that one is accepted and loved despite one’s failings.13 Forgiveness, then, refers to the power to unbind an agent from his/her act.4 In the world’s great monotheistic traditionsVJudaism, Christianity, and IslamV God’s ability to forgive human beings is a central element of God’s character. In following God, the faithful are called to forgive transgressors as well. For patients with advanced cancer, the last phase of their life is often a period of completion and preparation: completion of life by looking back to assess the life lived, preparation by looking forward to living one’s life for the remaining weeks or months. This leads process of completion and preparation occurs in the context of values and preferences of one’s whole life, but may also be placed within a traditional religious context.14 It includes issues of spending time with family and friends and saying goodbye, but also reviewing life, facing unresolved con- flicts and unfulfilled life goals, and achieving forgiveness.15Y17 Thus, being attentive to restrictive upper bounds on their fluxissues of guilt and forgiveness is crucial in palliative cancer care. However, this may not only be rel- evant for patients with advanced disease. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to cancer diagnosis itself may already serve as a ‘‘wakeup call’’ necessitating reexam- ination of one’s life.10 Nevertheless, direct comparative studies in cancer patients with different life expectancies that explore their attitudes toward guilt and forgiveness are lacking. Also, the diffuse flux sociodemographic and religious characteristics that deter- mine the attitudes of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum cancer patients toward guilt and for- giveness are unknown. Therefore, in this study, we explore the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–following research questions:

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Journal of Cosmology Instrumentation Impact of atmospheric effects on the energy You may also like - ATLAS data quality operations and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing performance for 2015–2018 data-taking reconstruction of air showers observed by the origin X. Xxx, X. Xxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxxx et al. - Search for photons with energies above surface detectors of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mailTo cite this article: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 X. Xxx et al 2017 JINST 12 P02006 1018 eV are detectable with using the Surface Detec- tor Array hybrid detector of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultraInt. J. Mod. Phys. A 2006.21:147-high152. Downloaded from xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx by RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 11/07/12. For personal use only. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 2006.21:147-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E152. Downloaded from xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx by RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 11/07/12. For personal use only. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 2006.21:147-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract152. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx ObservatoryDownloaded from xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx by RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 11/07/12. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for EarthFor personal use only. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 2006.21:147-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth152. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018Downloaded from xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx by RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 11/07/12. This leads to restrictive upper bounds For personal use only. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 2006.21:147-152. Downloaded from xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx by RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on their flux11/07/12. The 90% C.L. singleFor personal use only. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 2006.21:147-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–152. Downloaded from xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing Measurement of the origin average shape of ultralongitudinal profiles of cosmic-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using ray air showers at the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration ETo cite this article: A. Xxx et al JCAP03(2019)018 View the article online for updates and enhancements. You may also like - Limits on point-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos like sources of ultra-high- energy neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Journal of Cosmology Organizational Change Management Media portrayals of older employees: a success story? Xxxxxxx xxx Xxxx Xxxxxxxx I.J.M. Xxx xxx Xxxxxxx Article information: To cite this document: Xxxxxxx xxx Xxxx Xxxxxxxx I.J.M. Xxx xxx Xxxxxxx , (2014),"Media portrayals of older employees: a success story?", Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 27 Iss 4 pp. 583 - 597 Downloaded by RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGAN At 04:40 08 September 2014 (PT) Permanent link to this document: xxxx://xx.xxx.xxx/10.1108/JOCM-05-2014-0102 Downloaded on: 08 September 2014, At: 04:40 (PT) References: this document contains references to 41 other documents. To copy this document: xxxxxxxxxxx@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 10 times since 2014* Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Professor Xxxxx X.X.X. Xxxxxx and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Xx Xxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxx X. Xxxxx, Xxxxx X.J.M. Xxxxxx, (2014),"ManAGEment: the challenges of global age diversity for corporations and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing governments", Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 27 Iss 4 pp. 553-568 xxxx://xx.xxx.xxx/10.1108/ JOCM-05-2014-0100 Xxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxx, (2013),"Difficulties of integrating older workers into the origin labor market: exploring the Israeli labor market", International Journal of ultraSocial Economics, Vol. 40 Iss 12 pp. 1058-high1076 xxxx://xx.xxx.xxx/10.1108/IJSE-12-2011-0098 Win Xxxx, (2005),"Editorial # Dignity and older Europeans", Quality in Ageing and Older Adults, Vol. 6 Iss 2 pp. 2-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in 3 Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by 304742 [] For Authors If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/xxxxxxx for more information. About Emerald xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx Emerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array benefit of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatorysociety. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos company manages a portfolio of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith anglesmore than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services. Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Xxxxxxx and the LOCKSS initiative for Earthdigital archive preservation. *Related content and download information correct at time of download. The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/0000-0000.xxx Media portrayals of older employees: a success storyK Xxxxxxx xxx Xxxx Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Media portrayals of older employees 583 Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Xxxxxxxx X.X.X. Xxx xxx Xxxxxxx Institute for Management Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Open Universiteit in the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands and University of Twente, The Netherlands Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of how portrayals of older employees in mass media messages can help combating stereotypical beliefs on their employability. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a systematic review of empirical studies on mass media portrayals of older employees in order to show what these reveal about the ways in which their employment status, occupation, job type, or work setting is portrayed. The approach builds upon theory on media portrayals, media effects, and stereotypes of older workers’ employability. Findings – This study shows that older employees in media portrayals, when present at all, are relatively often shown in higher-skimming τ neutrinos level professional roles, herewith overall, depicting an image that is positive, yet differs from stereotypical beliefs on their employability that are prevalent in working organizations. Research limitations/implications – Further empirical work is needed to more safely conclude on the prevalence of age-related portrayals of work and employment in mass media. In addition, longitudinal research is called for in order to better understand the possible causes for the way in which older employees are portrayed, as well as effects of age-related stereotyping in mass media and corporate communication outlets over time. Practical implications – This research sparks ideas about how new portrayals of older employees in mass media and corporate communication outlets can contribute to novel approaches to managing an aging and multi-generational workforce. Social implications – This study shows how working organizations can make use of the positive and powerful media portrayals of older employees, in order to activate normal and non-ageist behaviors toward them, and herewith, to increase their life-long employability. Originality/value – This study highlights the role of media portrayals of older employees in combating stereotypes about their employability. Keywords Stereotypes, Life-long employability, Media portrayals, Older employees Paper type Literature review Downloaded by RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGAN At 04:40 08 September 2014 (PT) Introduction Although research on intergenerational communication has been considerable, so far, only limited attention has been paid on this theme in a workplace setting (XxXxxx and Xxxxx, 2006). XxXxxx and Xxxxx (2006) signaled that age-related stereotypes are abundant and dominantly negative, and comprise labels for the elderly such as nagging, weak, useless, ugly, and miserable. These negative age stereotypes are harmful in that they trigger ageist humor and may stimulate increased social distance and avoidance between people of different generations (XxXxxx and Xxxxx, 2006, p. 76). Moreover, although the authors reported that employers in the US give older workers high marks on loyalty, performance and job skills, in spite of this, age-related stereotypes reflect perceptions of them as, for instance, being unable to cope with nearly tangential trajectories relative Journal of Organizational Change Management Vol. 27 No. 4, 2014 pp. 583-597 Ⓒ Emerald Group Publishing Limited 0953-4814 DOI 10.1108/JOCM-05-2014-0102 JOCM 27,4 Downloaded by RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGAN At 04:40 08 September 2014 (PT) 584 changes (XxXxxx and Xxxxx, 2006, p. 77). That is to say, their future employability is at stake (Xxx xxx Xxxxxxx et al., 2009). Concrete, in the context of organizational life, age-related stereotypes are expected to have critical consequences at the level of the individual employee, such as hastened retirement decisions, or organizational implications, such as decisions whom to hire, promote, train, or lay off (XxXxxx and Xxxxx, 2006). Obviously, age-related stereotypes about skills and capacities of older workers, that are highly prevalent in work organizations, are a key obstacle for their employability (Xxxx et al., 2001; Xxxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxx, 1998; Xxxxxxx and Xxxxx, 2006; Xxx xxx Xxxxxxx et al., 2009). From empirical research in the field of management science on older workers’ employability, two consistent findings can be identified. First, employers hold mixed evaluations of older employees inasmuch as they are seen as loyal, warm, and reliable, but at the same time, inflexible, incompetent, and rather reluctant to embrace innovations (for instance to be trained with regard to procedures and ways of conduct, or to learn working with new technologies) (x.x. Xxxxxxxxx et al., 1993; Xxxxxx and Xxxxxx, 2005; Xxx Xxxxx et al., 2009; Xxx Xxxx and Xxx xxx Xxxxxxx, 2013). Second, an analysis of current business responses to the Earthlife-long employability issue in the Netherlands has shown that organizational policy directed at older employees consists of measures that accommodate or decrease their work load, instead of measures aimed at their further professional development and growth (Xxx Xxxx and Xxx xxx Xxxxxxx, 2013). No neutrino candidates were found Given the ever-increasing need for workers’ employability throughout their entire career (Xxx xxx Xxxxxxx et al., 2009), a better understanding of how to combat disadvantageous age-related stereotypes about their skills and capacities, is urgently needed. More scholarly work aimed to assist in ∼ 14.7 years the continued development of data taken generational theory, research, and practice should be performed (Xxxxx et al., 2012). In order to help closing this gap, this paper deals with the possible impact of age-related mass media portrayals about work and employment at the labor market, and is meant to contribute to the literature on the existence of generational differences in the workplace. Moreover, only in case we obtain more insight into the prevalence and nature of age-related portrayals of work, we can start formulating ideas about how these age-related media portrayals can help fighting against the lack of opportunities of older adults at the workplace. Specifically, in this contribution, we will analyze: the way in which mass media portray older workers and how these portrayals can help combating stereotypical beliefs about older workers’ employability. Our main objective is to come up with clear recommendations on how media portrayals of older employees can be supportive in combating age-related stereotypes that are prevalent in organizations and society. In the next section, we will go into an outline of the underlying theory on age-related stereotypes in mass media portrayals, and their possible impact at the workplace. Theoretical framework The stereotype activation model and its value for understanding age-related stereotyping at the workplace Stereotypes are constructed, confirmed, and reconstructed during encounters in everyday life. Research shows that stereotypes may be stronger and more extreme regarding social groups when little information is available about these particular groups (Xxx and Xxxxxxx, 1997). Older employees may be such a vulnerable group, as in our age-segregated Western societies people tend to 31 August 2018have little contact with individuals from other generations in everyday life (Xxxxxxxx and Uhlenberg, 2005). This leads Therefore, people may rely on general stereotypes about older employees that are prevalent in society, and, hence, in working organizations, instead of judging their strengths and weaknesses based upon employees’ actual knowledge, skills, or abilities. Mass media are considered to restrictive upper bounds on their fluxplay a salient role in constructing and confirming stereotypes of members of specific social groups (Xxxxxxx et al., 1998; Xxxxxx, 1986), with older workers being no exception. As a consequence, it would be interesting to examine what is known about how mass media actually portray older workers. The 90% C.L. singleprevalence of positive or negative age-flavor limit related portrayals of work and employment in mass media is expected to influence labor market opportunities and future employability of older workers in organizations. After all, media portrayals of older workers may have consequences for the perceptions and attitudes of xxxxx and old viewers (Xxxxxx et al., 2005), including employers and near colleagues. Particularly, working organizations provide a highly relevant context in which the meaning of aging is produced and reproduced, and myths or stereotypes regarding older workers in organizations are similar to the diffuse flux ones facing older adults in general (Xxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxx, 2004). In this respect, framing effect theory shows that the way in which issues are presented in media coverage can have an impact on the way the issue is perceived by individuals (De Vreese, 2005). In addition, agenda-setting theory shows that the media agenda reflects (at least partly) the agendas of ultrasocial actors (Walgrave and Xxxxxxxxxxxx, 2012), and that mass media can have considerable agenda-highsetting effects on working corporations as well (Xxxxxxx and McCombs, 2003). Specifically, framing research has established that stereotypes are one of the framing devices by which mass media generate effects in individuals and groups (Van Gorp, 2005) including working life situations. In order to better understand the process of stereotyping, we will now explain the so-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum called stereotype activation model (Xxxxxxx, 1994) that is particularly useful in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–context of our study. The stereotype activation model, that was developed in the field of intergenerational communication, suggests that the way in which younger individuals adjust how they interact with older persons is strongly connected with invoked stereotypes (Xxxxxxx, 1994; XxXxxx and Xxxxx, 2006; Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxx, 1998). Concretely, the model explains that when a negative old age stereotype is activated, age-adapted speech follows, and when a positive old age stereotype is activated, normal speech is used (Xxxxxxx, 1994). Activation of positive or negative stereotypes depends on a number of factors, such as perceiver’s age, quality of contact with older adults, physical characteristics of the older target, situational cues that may increase the salience of age, and the extent to which the older target’s resembles the negative or positive stereotypes (Xxxxxxx, 1994). In an expanded version of the model, the activated positive or negative stereotypes may not only result in adapted interpersonal speech, but also in comparable interpersonal or intergroup behaviors among employers, near colleagues, and older employees themselves. Among employers, age-related stereotypes may trigger behaviors such as (not) selecting older employees for training and educational programs, (not) hiring or promoting them, or (mis)addressing the older workforce in corporate communication outlets. Among (near) colleagues, negative age-related stereotypes of older employees may activate ageist behaviors, or reluctance to collaborate in teams, whereas positive age-related stereotypes may activate more constructive ways of collaborating. Among older employees themselves,the activation of negative stereotypes may lead to negative self-stereotyping and, hence, to decreased motivation, and poorer performance, whereas positive stereotypes may lead to the opposite (see Xxxxxx, 2009; Xxxx, 2003). Media portrayals of older employees Downloaded by RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGAN At 04:40 08 September 2014 (PT) 585 JOCM 27,4 Downloaded by RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGAN At 04:40 08 September 2014 (PT) 586 The role of mass media portrayals for ideas about the labor market

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal More Efficient Post-quantum KEMTLS with Pre-distributed Public Xxxx Xxxxx Schwabe1,2, Xxxxxxx Stebila3, and Thom Wiggers2(✉) 1 Xxx Xxxxxx Institute for Security and Privacy, Bochum, Germany xxxxx@xxxxxxxxxx.xxx 2 Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands xxxx@xxxxxxxxxxx.xx 3 University of Cosmology Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada xxxxxxxx@xxxxxxxxx.xx Abstract. While server-only authentication with certificates is the most widely used mode of operation for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol on the world wide web, there are many applications where TLS is used in a different way or with different constraints. For example, embedded Internet-of-Things clients may have a server certificate pre- programmed and Astroparticle Physics An IOP be highly constrained in terms of communication band- width or computation power. As post-quantum algorithms have a wider range of performance trade-offs, designs other than traditional “signed- key-exchange” may be worthwhile. The KEMTLS protocol, presented at ACM CCS 2020, uses key encapsulation mechanisms (KEMs) rather than signatures for authentication in the TLS 1.3 handshake, a benefit since most post-quantum KEMs are more efficient than PQ signatures. How- ever, KEMTLS has some drawbacks, especially in the client authentica- tion scenario which requires a full additional roundtrip. We explore how the situation changes with pre-distributed public keys, which may be viable in many scenarios, for example pre-installed pub- lic keys in apps, on embedded devices, cached public keys, or keys dis- tributed out of band. Our variant of KEMTLS with pre-distributed keys, called KEMTLS-PDK, is more efficient in terms of both bandwidth and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing computation compared to post-quantum signed-KEM TLS (even cached public keys), and has a smaller trusted code base. When client authenti- cation is used, KEMTLS-PDK is more bandwidth efficient than KEMTLS yet can complete client authentication in one fewer round trips, and has stronger authentication properties. Interestingly, using pre-distributed keys in KEMTLS-PDK changes the origin landscape on suitability of ultraPQ algo- rithms: schemes where public keys are larger than ciphertexts/signatures (such as Classic McEliece and Rainbow) can be viable, and the differ- ences between some lattice-based schemes is reduced. We also discuss how using pre-distributed public keys provides privacy benefits compared to pre-shared symmetric keys in TLS. Keywords: Post-quantum cryptography · Transport Layer Security Xx Xxxxxxxx Nature Switzerland AG 2021 X. Xxxxxxx et al. (Eds.): ESORICS 2021, LNCS 12972, pp. 3–22, 2021. xxxxx://xxx.xxx/10.1007/978-3-030-88418-5_1 1 Introduction The Transport Layer Protocol (TLS) is among the most-used secure channel pro- tocols. In August 2018, the most recent version was standardized as TLS 1.3 [38]. TLS 1.3 uses an (elliptic curve) Diffie–Xxxxxxx key exchange to establish an ephemeral shared secret with forward secrecy. Server (and optionally client) authentication is provided by digital signatures. Long-term signature public keys are exchanged in certificates during the handshake. The most commonly used signature algorithm is RSA, although elliptic curve signatures are also supported. Migrating to Post-quantum TLS. To protect against quantum adversaries, effort has been made to move the TLS handshake towards post-quantum cryp- tography. The focus has largely been on upgrading the key exchange to post- quantum security. In [8], Xxx, Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx and Xxxxxxx showed how to replace Diffie–Xxxxxxx by lattice-based key agreement in TLS 1.3. The lattice- based scheme was improved in the NewHope proposal [2], which was used in the first real-world post-quantum TLS experiment by Google in 2016 [9]. A second, more wide-scale, post-quantum TLS experiment by Google and Cloudflare has been running since 2019 [29, 31]. Post-quantum authentication in TLS is widely believed to be less urgent, as attacks against authentication cannot be mounted retroactively. However, several works also investigated the use of post-quantum signature schemes and certificates in TLS [5, 6, 44] by dropping in replacements of post-quantum primitives into the existing TLS 1.3 handshake and PKI infras- tructure. KEMTLS [43] is a recent proposal that makes more radical changes to the TLS 1.3 handshake. Instead of Diffie–Xxxxxxx and signatures, KEMTLS uses key-encapsulation mechanisms (KEMs) not just for confidentiality, but also for authentication. The main motivation for this design is that most post-quantum KEMs are much more efficient, both computationally and in terms of bandwidth requirements, than post-quantum signature schemes. Additional advantages are a smaller trusted code base and offline deniability. We give a high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos level overview of KEMTLS in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative comparison to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found TLS 1.3 handshake in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–Appendix A.

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All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal LETTERS‌‌‌‌ PUBLISHED ONLINE: 15 DECEMBER 2014 | DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS3183 Increasing the elastic modulus of Cosmology graphene by controlled defect creation Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxx-Polín1, Xxxxxxxx Xxxxx-Navarro1,2*, Vincenzo Parente3, Francisco Guinea3, Xxxxxxx X. Katsnelson4, Xxxxxxxx Xxxxx-Murano5 and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Xxxxx Xxxxx-Herrero1,2 ∼ The extraordinary strength, stiffness1 and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing lightness of graphene have generated great expectations of its application in flexible electronics and as a mechanical reinforcement agent. However, the origin presence of ultralattice defects, unavoidable in sheets obtained by scalable routes, might degrade its mechanical properties2,3 . Here we report a systematic study on the elastic modulus and strength of graphene with a controlled density of defects. Counter-highintuitively, the in-energy cosmic rays plane Young’s modulus increases with neutrinos increasing defect density up to almost twice the initial value for a vacancy content of 0.2%. For a higher density of vacancies, the elastic modulus decreases with defect inclusions. The initial increase in Young’s modulus is explained in terms of a dependence of the elastic xxx cients on the momentum of flexural modes predicted for two-dimensional membranes4,5 . In contrast, the fracture strength decreases with defect density according to standard fracture continuum models. These quantitative structure–property relationships, measured in atmospheric conditions, are of fundamental and technological relevance and provide guidance for applications in which graphene mechanics represents a disruptive improvement. Modifying the strength and stiffness of 3D conventional materials by defect inclusion is a well-established technique in mechanical engineering. Reducing the dimensionality of the material usually entails an increase in the EeV influence of defects. Furthermore, sometimes reduced dimensionality creates new emergent phenomena that have also to be considered. Graphene, a true 2D crystalline membrane of covalently bonded carbon atoms, has been shown to exhibit an extraordinary intrinsic in-plane strength and Young’s modulus1 , close to the elastic constant of the carbon covalent bonds. Experimental findings reveal a strong dependence of the mechanical properties on the defect content. A paradigmatic example is graphene derived from chemical reduction of graphene oxide, which, owing to its partially amorphous character, exhibits an elastic modulus five times smaller than that of pristine graphene2 . For polycrystalline graphene produced by chemical vapour deposition the effects of sample processing details in the grain boundaries significantly alter the elastic constants and strength of the sheets3,6,7 . Unfortunately, the fact that these defect contents are not controlled, but rather imposed by synthesis procedures and growth dynamics, hinders systematic studies. A comprehensive approach to the role of disorder in graphene requires the introduction of defects in a controlled manner. Therefore, to establish reliable structure–properties relationships the natural strategy is to begin with a pristine graphene sheet obtained by micro-exfoliation, for subsequent introduction of a known quantity of defects. Vacancies of carbon atoms are the simplest and most studied type of defect in graphene. Recently, several theoretical works, performed using different approaches8–10 , have predicted a decrease of both the 2D elastic modulus (E2D) and strength with the introduction of such a type of defect, as intuition would dictate. As we shall demonstrate, these calculations and naive expectations fail. Herein we present clear experimental evidence supporting that in graphene the value E2D can be significantly increased by the inclusion of a low density of defects in its atomic structure. We attribute this effect to suppression of the out-of-plane fluctuations by defects11 . For this study graphene drumheads were prepared by mechanical exfoliation of natural graphite on Si(300 nm)/SiO2 substrates with predefined circular xxxxx with diameters ranging from 0.5 to 3 µm (Supplementary Information 1). The mechanical properties of the membranes were subsequently tested by indenting with an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip at the centre of the suspended area (details about the AFM probe can be found in Supplementary Information 2). AFM indentation experiments on graphene drumheads (Fig. 1) can be modelled as clamped circular membranes with central point loading (Supplementary Information 4). The force versus indentation curves can be approximated by the Xxxxxxxxx-type solution as equation (1) (refs 1,12). a2 F(δ) = πσ0δ+ E2D δ3 (1) where F is the loading force, δ is the indentation at the central point, σ0 is the pre-tension accumulated in the sheet during the preparation procedure and a is the drumhead radius (Methods). Results obtained in up to 30 pristine drumheads yielded values of E2D in the range 250–360 N m−1 (Supplementary Information 4) and σ0 ranging from 0.05 to 0.8 N m−1 , with no correlation between pre- stress and E2D (Supplementary Fig. 8). = ∼ The fracture strength of the membranes was measured by loading some drumheads up to the failure point. The measured breaking forces (Fmax) were 1.7–2.1 µN. Considering that the maximum stress under the tip can be expressed as σ (FmaxE2D/4π Rtip)1/2, we obtain values of the breaking strength between 28 and 35 N m−1 . Summarizing, our elastic and strength values for pristine graphene are compatible with those reported previously in the literature1,13,14 (Supplementary Information 11). With the aim of introducing a controlled density of defects, the samples were irradiated with a known dose of Ar+ with an energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration Eof 140 eV (see Methods and Supplementary Information 5). 1Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 00000 Xxxxxx, Xxxxx. 2Centro de Investigación de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 00000 Xxxxxx, Xxxxx. 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, CSIC, 00000 Xxxxxx, Xxxxx. 4Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 000, XX-0000XX Xxxxxxxx, Xxx Xxxxxxxxxxx. 5Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, CSIC, 00000 Xxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxx. *e-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range xxxxxxxx.xxxxx@xxx.xx 26 NATURE PHYSICS | VOL 11 | JANUARY 2015 | xxx.xxxxxx.xxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxx NATURE PHYSICS DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS3183 LETTERS F Au b Ar+ Au SiO2 Si I A d SiO2 1 2 N 8 Au 4 0 0.5 1.0 × 1017 eV–1.5 x (μm) 2.0

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Healthiness from Duality Xxxxxx Xxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxx University of Cosmology Tokyo, Japan {wataru, hkoba7de, xxxxxx}@xx.x.x-xxxxx.xx.xx Xxxx Xxxxxx Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands xxxx@xx.xx.xx Abstract Healthiness is a good old question in program logics that dates back to Dijkstra. It asks for an intrinsic characterization of those predi- cate transformers which arise as the (backward) interpretation of a certain class of programs. There are several results known for health- iness conditions: for deterministic programs, nondeterministic ones, probabilistic ones, etc. Building upon our previous works on so- called state-and-effect triangles, we contribute a unified categorical framework for investigating healthiness conditions. This framework is based on a dual adjunction induced by a dualizing object and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin on our notion of ultrarelative Xxxxxxxxx-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos Xxxxx algebra. The latter notion seems interesting in its own right in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19context of monads, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–Lawvere theories and enriched categories.

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All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Short Article The Itaconate Pathway Is a Central Regulatory Node Linking Innate Immune Tolerance and Trained Immunity LPS β-glucan IRG1 Itaconate Epigenetic & Metabolic reprogramming SDH SDH TCA cycle TCA cycle Immune paralysis Enhanced responsiveness Graphical Abstract Highlights d Itaconate is a central component of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin inhibitory effects during immune tolerance d b-Glucan counteracts the tolerizing effects of ultraLPS by inhibiting IRG1 expression d b-highGlucan restores the expression of SDH in tolerant monocytes d b-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos Glucan-induced trained immunity has the potential to revert immunoparalysis Authors Xxxxx Xxxx´nguez-Xxxxx´ s, Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxx Xx, ..., Xxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxx X. Netea Correspondence xxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxxxxxxxx.xx In Brief Domı´nguez-Andre´ s et al. demonstrate the importance of the IRG1-itaconate- SDH axis in the EeV energy range using development of immune tolerance and training and highlight the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration Epotential of b-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19glucan-induced trained immunity to revert immunoparalysis, 2019 Accepted September 5which can occur concurrently with immune hyperactivation in sepsis. Domı´nguez-Xxxxx´ s et al., 2019 Published October 2019, Cell Metabolism 29, 211–220 January 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with ª 2018 Elsevier Inc. xxxxx://xxx.xxx/10.1016/j.cmet.0000.00.000 Cell Metabolism‌ Short Article The Itaconate Pathway Is a Central Regulatory Node Linking Innate Immune Tolerance and Trained Immunity Xxxxx Xxxx´nguez-Xxxxx´ s,1,11,* Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx,2 Xxxx Xx,3 Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx,4 Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx,1,10 Xxx X.X. Arts,1 Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx,1 Xxxxxx X.X.X.X. Xxxxxxx,1 Xxxxxx X. Xxxx,1 Xxxxx Xxxxx,5 Xxxxxxx X. Xxxx,5 Xxx ter Xxxxx,1 Xxx X.X. Xxxxxxx,1 Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx,3 Xxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx,6,7 Xxx xxx xxx Xxxx,4 Xxxxxxxx Xxx,5 Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx,5 Xxxxx Xxxxx,1,3 Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx,2 and Xxxxx X. Netea1,8,9 1Department of Internal Medicine (463) and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx 0, Xxxxxxxx 0000 XX, xxx Xxxxxxxxxxx‌ 2Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen 0000 XX, xxx Xxxxxxxxxxx 3Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Surface Detec- tor Array Netherlands 4Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 5Department of Intensive Care and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx 0, Xxxxxxxx 0000 XX, xxx Xxxxxxxxxxx 6NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg 7Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Xxxx-Xxxxxx, Luxembourg 8Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany 9Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania 10Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Xxxx Xxx¨ ll Institute, Jena, Germany 11Lead Contact *Correspondence: xxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxxxxxxxx.xx xxxxx://xxx.xxx/10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.003 SUMMARY Sepsis involves simultaneous hyperactivation of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatoryimmune system and immune paralysis, leading to both organ dysfunction and increased susceptibility to secondary infections. Acute activation of myeloid cells induced itaconate synthesis, which subse- quently mediated innate immune tolerance in human monocytes. In contrast, induction of trained immunity by b-glucan counteracted tolerance induced in a model of human endotoxemia by inhibiting the expression of immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1), the enzyme that controls itaconate synthesis. b-Glucan also increased the expression of succinate dehydro- genase (SDH), contributing to the integrity of the TCA cycle and leading to an enhanced innate immune response after secondary stimulation. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos role of all flavors interacting itac- xxxxx was further validated by IRG1 and SDH poly- morphisms that modulate induction of tolerance and trained immunity in human monocytes. These data demonstrate the importance of the IRG1-itaconate- SDH axis in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earthdevelopment of immune tolerance and training and highlight the potential of b-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative glucan- induced trained immunity to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–revert immunoparalysis.

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University Library Radboud University J ournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative Brought to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up you by | Radboud University Nijmegen (Radboud University Nijmegen) Authenticated | 172.16.1.226 Download Date | 3/19/12 11:04 AM Brought to 31 August 2018. 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End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxx.xx COMMUNICATION xxx.XxxxxxxxxXxxxx.xxx Controlling Microsized Polymorphic Architectures with Distinct Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties Xxxxxxxx Xx,* Xxxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxx, Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxx Xxxx, Xxxxxxx Xx, Xxxxxxx Xxx, Xxxxxxx Xx, Xxxx Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxx X. X. Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx, Xxxx X. Xxxxx, and Xxxx Xxxxxx Low dimensional micro-/nanosized architectures with promising advanced optical functionalities, such as generation, propagation, detection, amplification, and modulation of Cosmology light at the miniatur- ized dimensions that are compatible with the next-generation integrated optical circuits, are of critical importance.[1] Current (sub)wavelength scale photonic devices are commonly built from inorganic semiconductors, which usually require a large number of processing steps.[2] Recently, organic molecular materials have received increasing attention for optical applications[3] due to their intrinsic merits in eases of processing, diverse (supra)molecular architectures, strong optical responses, and Astroparticle Physics An IOP clear structure–prop- erty relationships.[4] They have been widely explored as potential building blocks for optical micro-/nano-devices ranging from sensors and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing logic gates,[5] multiple frequency convertors,[6] to waveguides and lasers.[7] Highly organized self-assembled mate- rials based on organic chromophores are of particular interest because of the origin directionality and tunability of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos their noncovalent supramolecular interactions.[8] These properties allow for the control over the supramolecular architectures and therefore their optoelectronic properties.[9] Polymorphs, resulting from different molecular configurations and/or packing modes from the same compound, are one example of such architectures.[10] They have been successfully employed to tune the light emitting behavior of molecular materials in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith anglessolid state.[11] However, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative there is usually one polymorph much more stable than the others, it is often difficult to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–control polymorphism, especially when micro/ nanoscale architectures are targeted.[10a,12] In particular, micro/

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal of Cosmology Test Generation Based on Symbolic Specifications Xxxx Xxxxxxxx , Xxx Xxxxxxxx, and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Xxx X.X. Xxxxxxxx Nijmegen Institute for Computing and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultraInformation Sciences (NIII), Radboud University Nijmegen – The Netherlands {lf, tretmans, xxxx}@xx.xx.xx Abstract. Classical state-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos oriented testing approaches are based on sim- ple machine models such as Labelled Transition Systems (LTSs), in which data is represented by concrete values. To implement these theories, data types which have infinite universes have to be cut down to finite vari- ants, which are subsequently enumerated to fit in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018model. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their fluxan explosion of the state space. The 90% C.L. singleMoreover, exploiting the syntactical and/or semantical information of the involved data types is non-flavor limit trivial after enumeration. To overcome these problems, we lift the family of test- ing relations iocoF to the diffuse flux level of ultraSymbolic Transition Systems (STSs). We present an algorithm based on STSs, which generates and executes tests on-highthe-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in fly on a given system. It is sound and complete for the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–iocoF testing relations.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Genome-wide Approaches to Identify the Interplay of Cosmology Transcription Factors, Regulatory Elements and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Target Genes Xxxxxxxx Xx, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sci- ence, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Xxxxxxx Xxxx, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sci- ence, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Advanced article Article Contents • Introduction • Transcriptome • Characterisation of cis-REs • Chromatin Accessibility • Higher-order Chromatin Organisation • Future Perspectives Online posting date: 16th February 2018 Tightly controlled gene regulation is essential for embryogenic development and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing homeosta- sis. One of the origin key questions in gene regulation is the interplay between transcription factors, regulatory elements and target genes. Recent development of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in throughput technologies has made analyses of the EeV energy range using complex interplay possible at the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration Egenome-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19wide scale, 2019 Accepted September 5and provides insights into the molecular mechanism of gene regulation. These state-of-the-art genome-wide approaches include RNA (ribonucleic acid)-seq for gene expres- sion, 2019 Published October 8ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing) for transcription factor binding and histone modifications, 2019 Abstractand meth- ods for analysing chromatin accessibility and three-dimensional chromatin conformation. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV For each of these approaches, we discuss the back- ground, the current working pipeline and ongoing development. As computational analysis pack- ages and methods are detectable essential for interpreting genome-wide large data sets, the commonly used ones are summarised with the Surface Detec- tor Array corresponding technologies. Introduction DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) encodes the secret of life. The same set of DNA within one organism gives rise to diverse cell types, tissues and organs, which depends on proper regulation of gene expression in a spatial and temporal specific manner. At the molecular level, how the DNA code is interpreted during development is largely controlled by transcriptional regulation, which is achieved through the cooperation between cis-regulatory elements (cis-REs) on DNA and trans-regulatory proteins, also known as transcription factors (TFs) (Figure 1). eLS subject area: Molecular Biology How to cite: Xx, Xxxxxxxx and Xxxx, Xxxxxxx (February 2018) Genome-wide Approaches to Identify the Interplay of Transcription Factors, Regulatory Elements and Target Genes. In: eLS. Xxxx Xxxxx & Sons, Ltd: Chichester. DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0027370 The cis-REs can be distinguished into two classes based on their relative locations to the transcription starting site (TSS), the promoters and promoter-proximal elements that lie near the TSS and various cis-REs that can act from a considerable distance away from the TSS, such as enhancers, silencers and insula- tors. Enhancers can greatly increase transcription to positively regulate transcription, whereas silencers can repress transcrip- tion. All the cis-REs are bound by TFs (Xxxxxx et al., 2007; Xxxxxxxxx et al., 2007; Xxxxx et al., 2010). Classically, TFs comprise three main classes based on their regulatory respon- sibilities (Xxxxx and Tjian, 2000): general transcription fac- tors (GTFs), sequence-specific transcription factors (SS-TFs) and coactivators, such as the p300–CREB-binding protein (CBP) family (Xxxxxxx et al., 1996). Responsible for initiating xxxx- scription, GTFs together with ribonucleic acid polymerase II (RNAPII) form a preinitiation complex (PIC), including TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIIH, the TATA binding protein (TBP) and several TBP-associated factors (TAFs) (Xxxxxx and Tjian, 2003; Orphanides et al., 1996; Xxxxxxxx and Sentenac, 1990). Another part of PIC is the mediator, which integrates infor- mation from other regulators during transcription initiation and during the switch to elongation. SS-TFs bind to specific DNA Silencer SS-TF p300 SS-TF CBP RNA SS-TF Mediator DNA- binding protein IIE IID IIB IIA RNAPII Cohesin TBP geneX DNA CTCF Insulator Promoter xxxxX Enhancer Histone-modifying Histone modifications enzymes DNA methylation Open chromatin Long-range chromatin interactions Closed chromatin Figure 1 An overview of transcriptional regulation. sequences within cis-REs and transmit the appropriate response through interactions with GTFs, either activating or repressing target genes, such as developmental genes (Xxxxx et al., 2010; Xxxxxxxxxxx et al., 2015), lineage-specific genes and genes responsive to stress and environmental cues. Recent studies provide ample information on myriad layers of transcriptional regulation, which has changed the previous picture that gene regulation simply depended on the binding of TFs to DNA (Xxxxxxx et al., 2008; Xxxxxxxxx et al., 2007; Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx, 2004; Xxxx et al., 2011). Various epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, nucleosome position, histone modifications and nuclear organisation, can influence the interplay between TFs, cis-REs and target genes. DNA methylation is one of the Xxxxxx epigenetic mechanisms that modulate the activity of a DNA segment without changing the sequence. When located at a gene promoter, DNA methylation typically acts to repress gene transcription (Xxxxxxxxx et al., 2007; Xxxx et al., 2011). DNA methylation is controlled and maintained by DNA methyltransferases (Xxxxx Observatoryet al., 1999). Besides DNA methylation, other mechanisms at the chromatin level are also involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expres- sion. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting interactions between TFs, cis-REs and target genes have so far been mainly studied at the chromatin level and, therefore, the related genome-wide approaches will be the topic in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–this article.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Risk Analysis, Vol. 33, No. 7, 2013 DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01932.x EvacuAid: A Probabilistic Model to Determine the Expected Loss of Cosmology Life for Different Mass Evacuation Strategies During Flood Threats Bas Xxxxx,1,3,∗ Matthijs Kok,1,2 Xxx Xxxxxxxx,3 and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Xxx Maaskant1 Evacuation of people in case of a threat is a possible risk management strategy. Evacuation has the potential to save lives, but it can be costly with respect to time, money, and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing credibil- ity. The consequences of an evacuation strategy depend on a combination of the origin time avail- able, citizen response, authority response, and capacity of ultrathe infrastructure. The literature that discusses evacuations in case of flood risk management focuses, in most cases, only on a best-high-energy cosmic rays case strategy as a preventive evacuation and excludes other possible strategies. This article introduces a probabilistic method, EvacuAid, to determine the benefits of different types of evacuation with neutrinos regards to loss of life. The method is applied for a case study in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx ObservatoryNetherlands for preventive and vertical evacuation due to flood risk. The identification results illustrate the impact of uncertainties in available time and actual conditions (e.g., the responses of citizens and authorities and the use of infrastructure). It is efficiently performed concluded that preparation for neutrinos evacuation requires adaptive planning that takes preventive and vertical evacuation into account, based on a risk management approach. KEY WORDS: Decision making; emergency planning; evacuation; flooding risk management; loss of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–life; risk analyses

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Communications Angewandte Chemie Chirality International Edition: DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811289 German Edition: DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811289 Attrition-Enhanced Deracemization of Cosmology the Antimalaria Drug Mefloquine Xxxxxxxxx X. X. Xxxxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx X. X. X. Xxxxxx,* and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Xxxxx Xxxxx* Abstract: Mefloquine is an important drug for prevention and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing treatment of malaria. It is commercially available as a racemic mixture, wherein only one enantiomer is active against malaria, while the origin other one causes severe psychotropic effects. By converting the drug into a compound that crystallizes as a racemizable racemic conglomerate, the deracemization of ultramefloquine into the desired enantiomer was achieved. Despite widespread efforts to combat malaria, the disease remains one of the main health threats for a major part of the population in tropical countries. In 2016, the number of malaria cases was estimated at 216 million, leading to 445 000 malaria deaths worldwide.[1] The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes and caused by a series of different parasites, of which Plasmodium falciparum is the most prominent one. In the recent past, chloroquine (2) was the drug of choice to treat malaria since it was effective and inexpensive (Figure 1). Because of the resistance of P. falciparum, however, chlor- oquine as well as several other drugs have become ineffective against this parasite.[2] Currently, the WHO-highrecommended treatment involves the use of artemisinin (3): although there is no resistance to this drug yet, it is relatively expensive and therefore not always available to malaria patients.[3] One other drug that is used to prevent and treat chloroquine- resistant P. falciparum malaria is mefloquine, sold under the brand name Lariam. The drug likely functions by inhibiting the endocytosis of hemoglobin of the malaria parasites.[4] Around 10 % of female travelers (aged 18–49) to malaria endemic areas use mefloquine, and it also is the preferred drug for small children.[5] In addition, combination therapies that use mefloquine together with other anti-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in malaria drugs appear promising to combat drug resistance and transmit- @ tance.[6] Mefloquine (1) contains two stereocenters, of which only (+)-(11S,12R)-1 and ( )-(11R,12S)-1 are present as a racemic mixture.[7,8] The (11S,12S)-1 and (11R,12R)-1 dia- stereoisomers have only limited antimalarial activity. @ Not surprisingly, the EeV energy range using marketed (+)-(11S,12R)-1 and ( )- (11R,12S)-1 enantiomers exhibit fairly different pharmacoki- netic properties.[9] (@)-1 has a high affinity for the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration adenosine [*] A. H. J. Xxxxxxxx, X. Maassen, Xx. X. Tinnemans, Xx. X. Meekes, Prof. F. P. J. T. Rutjes, Xxxx. X. Vlieg Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 000, 0000 XX Xxxxxxxx (Xxx Xxxxxxxxxxx) E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with xxxxxx.xxxxxx@xx.xx X.Xxxxx@xxxxxxx.xx.xx Supporting information and the Surface Detec- tor Array ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were this article can be found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–under: xxxxx://xxx.xxx/10.1002/anie.201811289.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal of Cosmology Living Well with End Stage Renal Disease: Patients' Narratives Interpreted from a Virtue Perspective Author(s): Xxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxx and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Xxxx-Xxxxxx Xxxx Reviewed work(s): Source: Ethical Theory and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19Moral Practice, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October Vol. 8, 2019 AbstractNo. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array 5 (Nov., 2005), pp. 485-506 Published by: Springer Stable URL: xxxx://xxx.xxxxx.xxx/stable/27504374 Accessed: 12/07/2012 10:06 Your use of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx ObservatoryJSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at xxxx://xxx.xxxxx.xxx/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. The identification We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact xxxxxxx@xxxxx.xxx. Xxxxxxxx is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith anglescollaborating with JSTOR to digitize, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative preserve and extend access to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–Ethical Theory and Moral Practice.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal The Drivers Behind Blockchain Adoption: The Rationality of Cosmology Irrational Choices Xxxxx Xxxxx(✉) and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Xxxx Xxxx Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands {xxxxxx,xxxxxxxx}@xx.xx.xx Abstract. There has been a huge increase in interest in blockchain tech- nology. However, little is known about the drivers behind the adoption of this technology. In this paper we identify and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing analyze these drivers, using three real-world and representative scenarios. We confirm in our analysis that blockchain is not an appropriate technology for some sce- narios, from a purely technical point of view. The choice for blockchain technology in such scenarios may therefore seem as an irrational choice. However, our analysis reveals that there are non-technical drivers at play that drive the origin adoption of ultrablockchain, such as philosophical beliefs, net- work effects, and economic incentives. These non-hightechnical drivers may explain the rationality behind the choice for blockchain adoption. · · Keywords: Blockchain Distributed ledger Technical drivers Non-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos technical drivers 1 Introduction Blockchain technology has received a huge interest ever since its inception in the EeV cryptocurrency Bitcoin [22]. Indeed, on a global scale companies and gov- ernments [27] are looking for applications of this technology [13]. Cryptocur- rencies, in particular Bitcoin, are the best-known and most successful scenario where blockchain technology has been adopted, but many other applications of blockchain have been proposed, such as supply chain management [28], identity management [15], and smart energy range grids [29]. However, the justification for using a blockchain in many of these scenarios is unclear. Indeed, many papers have argued that using a blockchain is not the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration Ebest – or not even a good – solution for particular scenarios [17]. This has led to the proposal of methodologies for deciding if blockchain is an appropriate solution for a given scenario, from a technical point of view [25, 39]. However, non-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV technical drivers are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array not typically discussed in most of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatorycomputer science literature. The identification is efficiently performed In this paper we try to look beyond this technical view, and we also consider the non-technical drivers behind the choice for neutrinos of all flavors interacting blockchain in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earthreal-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–world scenarios.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal European Societies, 2014 Vol. 16, No. 4, 594–614, xxxx://xx.xxx.xxx/ 10.1080/14616696. 2013.862286 ‌ CHANGING CULTURE, STABLE STRUCTURE Segmented pluralism on the Dutch airwaves Xxxxx X. Xxxxx and Xx X. X. Xxxxxxx Downloaded by [Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen] at 02:43 25 April 2015 Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ABSTRACT: In this contribution we deal with the contradiction between changing culture and stable structure, i.e., the phenomenon that a social structure that developed to accommodate a certain culture may remain stable over a long period of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing time, even when that culture changes. We do so for the origin case of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos the Dutch public broadcasting system, that was designed in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable 1920s to fit with the Surface Detec- tor Array segmented pluralism of Dutch society, in which a number of religiously and ideologically different groups had to peacefully co-exist. In the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatorymid-1960s, Dutch society started to change rapidly and segmented pluralism started to wane. The identification is efficiently performed public broadcasting system, however, hardly changed until today. First we explain how structure and culture initially matched and how the concept of path dependency can explain how over time culture and structure can grow apart. Then, with data of six national surveys between 1979 and 2005, we explore the possible cultural grounds for neutrinos the fact that the segmented public broadcasting system has outlived the segmented pluralism of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative Dutch society that it was originally designed to the Earthmatch. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–Key words: public broadcasting; segmented pluralism; social structure; culture; correspondence analysis; longitudinal analysis

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal ◯ BRAIN IMPAIRMENT VOLUME 18 NUMBER 1 MARCH pp. 138–173 c Australasian Society for the Study of Cosmology Brain Impairment 2016 doi:10.1017/XxXxx.2016.31 Social Cognitive Interventions in Neuropsychiatric Patients: A Meta-Analysis Xxxx´e X. Xxxxxxx,1,2,3 Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx¨ hle,1,2 Xxx X.X. Egger1,2,3,4 and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Xxx P.C. Kessels2,4,5 1 Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Xxxxxxx xxx Xxxx Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, the Netherlands 2 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the origin Netherlands 3 Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands 4 Centre of ultraExcellence for Xxxxxxxxx and Alcohol-highRelated Cognitive Disorders, Xxxxxxx xxx Xxxx Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, the Netherlands 5 Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands = = = = Social cognitive deficits are common in neuropsychiatric disorders. Given the prox- imity of social cognition (SC) to everyday functioning, many intervention studies (including targeted, comprehensive, and broad-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatorybased approaches) have focussed on SC. The identification is efficiently performed aim of this paper was to quantitatively meta-analyse the efficacy of SC interventions in adult neuropsychiatric patients. Databases Pubmed, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, and Embase were searched for neutrinos controlled SC intervention studies published between 01-01-2003 and 01-01-2016. Forty-one studies, com- prising 1,508 patients with schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, or acquired brain injury were included. Outcome measures evaluated emotion perception (EP), social perception (SP), Theory of all flavors interacting Mind (XxX), and social functioning (SF). The meta-analyses showed that interventions were effective in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earthimproving SC (Xxxxx’x d .71). No neutrino candidates Interventions targeting one specific SC function were found to be most effective (d .89), followed by broad-based interventions, targeting non-SC do- mains in ∼ 14.7 years addition to SC (d .65), and comprehensive interventions, that target multiple SC processes (d .61). Targeted interventions were especially effective in improving EP and XxX. Comprehensive interventions were able to ameliorate EP, ToM, and SF. Broad-based interventions were especially effective in improving SF, but also showed effects on EP and XxX. Keywords: Social cognition, training, treatment, psychotherapy, neuropsychiatry, emotion perception, social perception, theory of data taken up mind, social functioning, systematic review Introduction Social cognitive deficits are common in a va- riety of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Given the proximity of social cognition (SC) to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds everyday functioning, many intervention studies have focussed on their fluximproving SC in these popula- tions. The 90% C.L. singleaim of this paper is to quantitatively meta-flavor limit analyse the efficacy of these interventions in adult neuropsychiatric patients. Defining Social Cognition SC is considered to be a cognitive domain that includes the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–mental processes underlying social + +

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal & Oligosaccharides Advances in Stereoselective 1,2-cis Glycosylation using C-2 Auxiliaries Xxxx X. Xxxxxxx and Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxx*[a] Chem. Eur. J. 2017, 23, 17637 – 17653 17637 T 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Abstract: The control of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos stereoselectivity in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array a glycosylation reaction remains one of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatorymost challenging aspects of oli- gosaccharide synthesis. Especially the synthesis of 1,2-cis-gly- cosides is challenging and generally applicable methodology to prepare this linkage is needed to standardize oligosac- charide synthesis. This review highlights the recent develop- ment of an elegant strategy employing a C-2 auxiliary to control the anomeric stereoselectivity in glycosylations. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith anglesvarious auxiliaries developed to date, their compatibility with protecting groups and monosaccharide types as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to mechanistic aspects are summarized. Furthermore, the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found appli- cation, advantages and limitations of C-2 auxiliaries in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–oligo- saccharide synthesis are discussed.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal View Online / Journal Homepage / Table of Cosmology Contents for this issue PAPER xxx.xxx.xxx/xxxxxxxxxx | Soft Matter Synthesis and Astroparticle Physics An IOP aggregation behavior of biohybrid amphiphiles composed of a tripeptidic head group and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing a polystyrene tail† A. (Ton) X. Xxxxx, Xxxxxx X. xxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx X. X. Amatdjais-Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxx X. J. T. Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx X. X. X. Xxxxxxxxxxx* and Xxxxxxx X. X. Xxxxx Received 23rd September 2008, Accepted 26th January 2009 First published as an Advance Article on the origin web 4th March 2009 DOI: 10.1039/b816615c Downloaded by Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen on 20 November 2012 Published on 04 March 2009 on xxxx://xxxx.xxx.xxx | doi:10.1039/B816615C The modular synthesis and self-assembly behavior of ultraa set of peptide-highpolymer hybrid amphiphiles is described. Gly-energy cosmic rays Gly-Arg derivatives were conjugated to one of the ends of hetero-telechelic polystyrene (PS) via either the Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction or conventional peptide coupling chemistry. Both conjugation strategies proved to be efficient and they were also applied sequentially to create a biohybrid ABA-type triblock copolymer, which can be considered as a macromolecular bolaamphiphile. In the synthesis of the regularly-shaped peptide-PS amphiphiles (i.e. AB-type) two polymer lengths (n ¼ 21 and n ¼ 49) were employed having additional variations in their end group composition. As expected, the structural variations were demonstrated not to influence the self-assembly behavior of the biohybrids in water, and comparable vesicles were formed in all cases. At the air/water interface, the structural variations had a greater impact on the self-assembly of the biohybrids, especially for the phase transition from gas to liquid because it is dominated by steric interactions between the polymer chains. In a condensed phase (which closely resembles the situation in a bilayer vesicle), the packing of various biohybrids was found to be comparable. The interfacial self-assembly behavior of the bolaamphiphile (n ¼ 21) was also studied and this compound probably formed multi-layered structures on the water surface. In aqueous solution the bolaamphiphile formed spherical aggregates similar to the regular peptide-PS amphiphiles. Although these assemblies appeared to be vesicular, their exact nature remains unclear. Introduction Biohybrid amphiphiles derived from sequence-defined peptides are powerful building blocks for the construction of functional self-assembled materials.1-3 A common approach to prepare such hybrid amphiphiles is to equip the N- or C-terminus of a peptide with neutrinos in one or more long alkyl chains.2 In this way, several peptides have been modified and the EeV energy range using resulting amphiphiles frequently self- assembled into functional nanofibers.4-8 Extending the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory hydro- phobic alkyl chain to a well-defined polymer has also been shown to create effective self-assembling biohybrids.9-13 These peptide- based block copolymers are of particular interest because macromolecular amphiphiles generally form more stable aggre- gates than their low molecular weight counterparts. In order to prepare biohybrid block copolymers with a sequence-defined peptide segment, several routes have been developed.14-16 Essentially, these routes follow two general approaches: (i) the coupling of a preformed polymer to a peptide (i.e. grafting-to), and (ii) the propagation (growing) of a polymer from a peptide initiator (i.e. grafting-from). The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration latter approach has recently received a lot of attention and has been employed Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Xxxxxxxxxxxx 0, 0000 XX Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxx. E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19X. Xxxxxxxxxxx@xxxxxxx.xx.xx; Fax: (+00) 00 000 0000; Tel: (+31) 24 365 2381 † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental procedures for the preparation of peptides 5 and 6 and self-assembly of 9b at elevated temperature. See DOI: 10.1039/b816615c with various peptide initiators in polymerizations from a solid support10,17,18 and in solution.9,19-28 For example, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with Xxxxxx et al.10 have used a resin-bound antimicrobial peptide to prepare func- tional initiators for nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP)29 and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP).30,31 Sequen- tial polymerization of tert-butyl acrylate and styrene from these initiators gave rise to well-defined ABC-type triblock copoly- mers.10 After cleavage from the Surface Detec- tor Array resin and hydrolysis of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatorytert- butyl esters, the biohybrids formed micellar aggregates in water and displayed an enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to the native peptide. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos In another example with respect to amphi- philic peptide-polymer hybrids, van Hest and coworkers employed the grafting-from approach to prepare ABA-type tri- block copolymers with Ac-Ser-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly-Glu-Gly-Ala- Gly-Ala-Gly-Ser-Gly-OH (a b-hairpin forming peptide) as the inner block.9 To this end, both serine residues of all flavors interacting the peptide were functionalized with a-bromo esters, and methyl methacrylate (MMA) was polymerized in two directions using ATRP. Suspension of the triblock copolymer in a THF-water mixture followed by the removal of THF resulted in the atmosphere formation of vesicles and large compound micelles (LCMs). Building up a polymer from a peptide initiator is an elegant way to prepare peptide-polymer conjugates. However, for the synthesis of amphiphilic biohybrids it may often be more convenient to follow the grafting-to approach, because this allows the contrasting blocks to be prepared separately under optimal conditions, which are likely to diverge for each block. In this way, furthermore, all segments can be fully characterized Downloaded by Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen on 20 November 2012 Published on 04 March 2009 on xxxx://xxxx.xxx.xxx | doi:10.1039/B816615C without encountering the complications caused by an amphi- philic character, x.x. xxxxxxxxxx issues. A prerequisite of the grafting-to approach, obviously, is an efficient coupling strategy to link together bulky building blocks. Among the various reactions that can be considered for this purpose, the Cu(I)- catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction has recently proven to be of particular value.32-38 We and others have demonstrated that peptide-polymer hybrids can be readily prepared by employing the CuAAC in a modular approach.11,39,40 In our previous synthetic studies we selected for the peptide part an alkyne-functionalized Gly-Gly-Arg deriva- tive tagged with fluorescent 7-amino-4-methyl coumarin (AMC), such that the material could easily be tracked during work-up and characterization. Azide-terminated polystyrene (PS) was used as the complementary block and was synthesized by ATRP of styrene followed by the displacement of the bromide end group with Me3SiN3 and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF). With the aid of CuBr/N,N,N',N'',N%-pentamethyldiethylenetri- amine (PMDETA) as a catalyst, the two building blocks were efficiently coupled together to yield a peptide-polymer amphi- phile that formed vesicles in aqueous environment. As peptide-polymer amphiphiles are a promising class of compounds for the construction of bioactive nano-sized struc- tures, it is of interest to investigate the synthesis and aggregation behavior of these compounds. Therefore, we decided to further explore our modular synthetic approach for the preparation of PS-GlyGlyArg-AMC hybrids. We were interested in comparing the CuAAC to standard peptide coupling chemistry, which has also proven to be useful for the preparation of peptide-polymer hybrids.12 For this comparative study, a PS chain was synthe- sized in such a way that the a-terminus could readily be trans- formed into a carboxylic acid, while at large zenith anglesthe u-end an azide moiety could be installed. Hence, the same precursor polymer can be tailored for both coupling techniques, employing either alkyne- functionalized Gly-Gly-Arg-AMC or the native peptide as well the complementary part. Moreover, we envisioned that starting from a polymer with both an azide and a carboxylic acid end group should allow sequential coupling of two peptide segments, to create a biohybrid ABA-type triblock copolymer which can be considered as for Eartha macromolecular bolaamphiphile. Bolaamphi- philes are an interesting class of amphiphiles that have been used to create monolayer membrane (MLM) vesicles, but they are also capable of forming a variety of other assemblies.41 In this article, we discuss the modular synthesis of peptide-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to PS hybrid amphiphiles by making use of the EarthCuAAC reaction or peptide coupling chemistry. No neutrino candidates were found Furthermore, the synthesis of a bio- hybrid bolaamphiphile is described by combination of the two coupling techniques. Throughout exploration of the synthetic methods, a series of biohybrid amphiphiles was obtained and the aggregation behavior of these compounds is reported both in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018solution and at the air/water interface. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–Experimental

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Environ Monit Assess (2020) 192: 339 xxxxx://xxx.xxx/10.1007/s10661-020-08293-3 Soils in lakes: the impact of Cosmology inundation and Astroparticle Physics An IOP storage on surface water quality Xxx X. X. Xxxx • Xxx N. J. Xxxxxx • Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx • Xxxx X. X. Xxxxxx Received: 24 April 2019 / Accepted: 13 April 2020 / Published online: 7 May 2020 Ⓒ Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Abstract The large-scale storage and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing inundation of contaminated soils and sediments in deep waterlogged former sand pits or in lakes have become a fairly com- mon practice in recent years. Decreasing water depth potentially promotes aquatic biodiversity, but it also poses a risk to water quality as was shown in a previous study on the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos impact on groundwater. To provide in the EeV energy urgent need for practical and robust risk indicators for the storage of terrestrial soils in surface waters, the redistribution of metals and nutrients was studied in long-term mesocosm experiments. For a range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory of sur- face water turbidity (suspended matter concentrations Electronic supplementary material The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19online version of this article (xxxxx://xxx.xxx/10.1007/s10661-020-08293-3) contains supplementary material, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification which is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative available to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–authorized users.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Published on 06 February 2013. Downloaded by Radboud University Nijmegen on 4/8/2019 9:10:16 AM. PCCP PAPER View Article Online View Journal | View Issue Cite this: Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2013, 15, 5049 Received 24th June 2012, Accepted 6th February 2013 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp00158j xxx.xxx.xxx/xxxx Infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy of Cosmology oxazine dyes Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx,a Xxx Xxxxxx,*bcd Xxxx Xxxxxx,xx Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Xxxxxx Xxxxxx*a The structure and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing energetic properties of four common oxazine dyes, Nile red, Nile blue A, Cresyl violet, and Brilliant cresyl blue, have been probed using a combination of infrared multiple-photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. IRMPD spectra of the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos protonated dyes, as generated from an electrospray ionization (ESI) source, were collected in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration Eof 900–1800 cm—1. Vibrational band assignments related to carbonyl and substituted-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array amine stretches were established from a comparison of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos experimental spectra of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, these related systems as well as from a comparison with spectra generated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For Nile red, the thermochemical landscape for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative protonation at different basic sites was probed using DFT; comparison of IRMPD and calculated IR spectra reveals the site of protonation to be at the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their fluxcarbonyl oxygen. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum structural information obtained here in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–gas phase pertaining to these important fluorophores is anticipated to provide further insight into their associated intrinsic fluorescent properties in solution.

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All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal As featured in: See Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx et al., Lab Chip, 2015, 15, 4291. Featuring work from the Fluid Mechanics Group of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos Xx. Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx in the EeV energy range using Department of Mechanical Engineering at UCL and the Microdroplets Group of Xxxx. Xxxxxxx Xxxx at the University of Cambridge. Title: Deformation of double emulsions under conditions of flow cytometry hydrodynamic focusing Here we report on the deformation of double emulsions under hydrodynamic focusing conditions encountered in commercial flow cytometry systems (such as FACS) in order to assess their potential as a screening platform for shear sensitive cells. The work could also inform the design of microfluidic based cell deformation studies. xxx.xxx.xxx/xxx Registered charity number: 207890 Published on 14 September 2015. Downloaded by Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen on 23/10/2017 15:30:35. Lab on a Chip PAPER View Article Online View Journal | View Issue Cite this: Lab Chip, 2015, 15, 4291 Received 21st June 2015, Accepted 10th September 2015 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00693g xxx.xxx.xxx/xxx Deformation of double emulsions under conditions of flow cytometry hydrodynamic focusing† Xxxxxxx Xx,xx Xxxxxxx X. X. Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration Eand Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx*d Water-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) microfluidics double emulsions offer a new route to compartmentalise reagents into isolated aqueous microenvironments while maintaining an aqueous carrier fluid phase; this enables compatibility with commercial flow cytometry systems such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Double emulsion (inner core) deformation under hydrodynamic focusing conditions that mimic the environment double emulsions experience in flow cytometry applications is of particular importance for droplet stability and cell viability. This paper reports on an experimental study of the dynamic deformation of aqueous cores of w/o/w double emulsions under hydrodynamic focusing, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere sheath flow directed at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative 45° to the Earthsample flow. No neutrino candidates A number of factors affecting the inner core deformation and recovery were examined. Deformation was found in ∼ 14.7 years to depend significantly on the core or shell viscosity, the droplet-to- sheath flow velocity ratio, and core and shell sizes. Core deformation was found to depend more on the type of data taken up surfactant rather concentration with high molecular weight surfactant exhibiting a negligible effect on deformation whereas low molecular weight surfactant enhancing deformation at low concentrations due to 31 August 2018their lateral mobility at the interface. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–Introduction

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All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Euro. Jnl of Cosmology Applied Mathematics (2018), vol. 29, pp. 1035–1061. doi:10.1017/X0000000000000000 ⃝c Cambridge University Press 2018 1035 Time adaptive numerical solution of a highly non-linear degenerate cross-diffusion system arising in multi-species biofilm modelling† MARYAM GHASEMI1, XXXXXXXX SONNER2 and Astroparticle Physics An IOP XXXXXXX X. EBERL3 1Department Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo Ontario, Canada email: x00xxxxx@xxxxxxxxx.xx 2Department Mathematics, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands email: xxxxxxxx.xxxxxx@xxx-xxxx.xx 3Department Mathematics and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph Ontario, Canada email: xxxxxx@xxxxxxxx.xx (Received 8 July 2017; revised 1 August 2018; accepted 15 August 2018; first published online 10 September 2018) We propose a numerical method for the origin simulation of ultraa quasi-highlinear parabolic biofilm model that exhibits three non-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos linear diffusion effects: (i) a power law degeneracy, (ii) a super diffusion singularity and (iii) non-linear cross-diffusion. The method is based on a spatial Finite Volume discretisation in which cross-diffusion terms are formally treated as convection terms. Time-integration of the resulting semi-discretised system is carried out using an error-controlled, time-adaptive, embedded Xxxxxxxxxx–Xxxxxx method. We compare several variants of the method and two variants of the model to investigate how details such as the choice cross-diffusion coefficients, and specific variants of the time integrator affect simulation time. MSC (2010): 35K65, 65L05, 68U20, 92D25 Key words: biofilm, cross-diffusion, time-adaptivity 1 Introduction Bacterial biofilms are microbial communities attached to an immersed surface. Depending on the context, they can be formed by one or multiple species. A characteristic of biofilms is that they produce gel-like extracellular polymeric substances in which they are embedded and which offers them protection against chemical and mechanical washout and against antimicrobial agents [13, 17, 35]. Biofilms are prevalent in natural, industrial, and hospital settings. Depending on the situation, they can be harmful or beneficial. Biofilms can cause corrosion and clogging in drinking water pipelines [31]. Dental plaque, which provokes tooth decay and gum disease, is a consequence of biofilm formation on teeth. Biofilm formation in the EeV energy range using body can lead to failure of medical implants and † This studies was financially supported by the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration ENatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) with a PGS-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith anglesD scholarship awarded to MG, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative a Discovery Grant and a Research Tools and Infrastructure Grant awarded to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–HJE.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos Article Why do lower courts refer in the EeV energy range using absence of a legal obligation? Irish eagerness and Dutch disinclination Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx* MJ Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 2019, Vol. 26(6) 770–791 ª The Author(s) 2019 Article reuse guidelines: xxxxxxx.xxx/xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxx DOI: 10.1177/1023263X19871024 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxx.xxx Abstract The majority of requests for a preliminary ruling from the EU Court of Justice comes from lower national courts. This is surprising because such courts are, contrary to the highest national courts, not obliged to refer on the basis of Article 267 TFEU. This article examines why Dutch and Irish lower courts have decided to refer or not in the absence of such a legal obligation. It does so on the basis of an analysis of court decisions complemented with 45 interviews with judges and legal secretaries. The article shows that there is a wide variety of reasons (not) to refer, including pragmatic and practical considerations. Politico-strategic reasons play a smaller role than one would expect on the basis of the literature to date. The most important factor affecting the courts’ willingness to refer is the way in which lower court judges see their role in relation to the highest court(s). This factor also explains the difference between Ireland and the Netherlands. While most Irish references are made by lower courts, around two thirds of the references in the Netherlands stem from the highest courts. Most Irish judges adopted a ‘better sooner than later’ logic, while the majority of Dutch judges emphasized that the highest courts have more time and expertise. Keywords Preliminary ruling procedure, national courts, dialogue, European Court of Justice, interviews with judges, motives to refer, pragmatic adjudication, politico-strategic reasons * International and European law, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands Corresponding author: Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration Xxxxxxxxxxx, International and European law, Radboud University Nijmegen, Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 00, 0000 XX Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxx. E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–x.xxxxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx

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All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal DEBATE the concept of Cosmology the state in political philosophy xxxxx xxxxx (author) and Astroparticle Physics An IOP xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx (editor)* Department of Public Administration and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing Political Science, Institute for Management Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9108, 6500 HK Nijmegen, the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration Netherlands E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19x.xxxxxxxxxx@xx.xx.xx *Corresponding editor. doi:10.1057/eps.2010.56 Abstract AUTHOR COPY In a lecture given in 1991, 2019 Accepted September 5while working on the never finished third volume of his series on theories of justice, 2019 Published October 8Xxxxx Xxxxx gave a rare glimpse into the ideas with which he was wrestling – twenty years ahead of present-day political theorists. What is the role of the state, 2019 Abstracthow are we to conceptualize it, in a world if globalization, and against the background of a legitimate appeal for international distributive justice? Keywords international justice; social justice; sovereignty; state T EDITOR’S NOTE he structure of this text deviates markedly from that of an ordinary scientific article. Neutrinos It is not the orderly organized and carefully revised article in which contributions to conferences usual- ly find their last resting place. Instead, it consists of the transcription of a lecture given by Xxxxx Xxxxx (1936–2009) and a summary of the ensuing debate during the founding conference of the Dutch Graduate School for Political Science in Wassenaar, the Netherlands, 9–10 January 1991. The rationale behind this choice of form is simple and unscientific. Xxxxx Xxxxx himself lacked the time and interest to rearrange the notes he used 92 european political science: 10 2011 at his talk into an article. Moreover, the notes he used were already part of the book manuscript he was working on at the time – the never completed third volume of his treatise on social justice. Xxxxx felt that turning the lecture into an article would add little to, and only distract from his work on, the book – but he did not mind publication in the form I proposed: authorized lecture notes dis- playing one of the best political philoso- phers of our days struggling to perfect and further develop his ideas though debate with energies above 1017 eV are detectable his critics. The text was offered for publication in the journal of the Dutch Political Science Association in the autumn of 1991, but its editors neither appreciated the format, nor were they (92 – 102) & 2011 European Consortium for Political Research. 1680-4333/11 xxx.xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxx.xxx/xxx/ impressed by the novelty of what Xxxxx had to offer. It was rediscovered in 2009 in the process of converting files, created with now defunct word processing software, to a more current format. I have added nothing to the original text, except a couple of references to Xxxxx Xxxxx’x own (later) work. Although little of what Xxxxx had to say is really surprising, from the point of view of 2009, the text does offer a rare glimpse into the ideas with which Theories of Justice: Volume III might have begun, and for the biographer it shows the very first signs of his growing impatience with academic political philosophy. The 1991 lecture was prepared while he was working on the final draft of his second volume in the Theories of Justice series – or so he thought at the time. However, Xxxxx Xxxxx always refused to publish any text he was not deeply satisfied with; hence, Justice as Impar- tiality did not appear until 1995. Volume III – which, as Xxxxx announced in 1991, would discuss international justice – was never finished. Moreover, he soon changed his plans and intended to devote Volume III to the institutions of justice (cf. Xxxxxxx, 2009). Instead, after a period during which Xxxxx wrote about environmental and intergenerational justice, he aban- doned purely ‘academic’ political theory completely in favour of more involved writing like Culture and Equality (2002) and Why Social Justice Matters (2005). As Xxxxx Xxxxxxx (2009) noted, Xxxxx left behind the manuscript of a book on international social justice, all but finished in 1980: Rich Countries and Poor Coun- tries. Had it been published then, the book would have set him on a collision course with Xxxxxxx Xxxxx (1979) and Xxxxxx Xxxxx (1989), the first major thinkers to apply Xxxx Xxxxx’ theory of social justice on a global scale (the oracle himself remained silent on global justice until 1997; cf. Xxxxx, 1999). While Xxxxx certainly agreed with the Surface Detec- tor Array cosmopolitans on the existence of global distributive ‘y American academics in general attach far too much importance to the state and far too easily assume that only a world state can be an alternative for the classical nation-state’. AUTHOR COPY injustice and of moral obligations towards the world’s poor, the 1991 lecture illustrates that, and why he had little faith in global redistributive institutions or powers. Justice requires a commitment, a sense of belonging, to a cooperative venture, and it requires strong institutions to effectively implement redistribution, neither of which a global society or world state can offer in any foreseeable future. A position like this might be taken as support for Xxxxx’ later rejection of global justice; for Xxxxx (1999), the reciprocity, broadness, intensity and duration of the Xxxxxx ties that make a people a people justify limiting social justice to within the bor- ders of its state, and justify the rejection of global redistribution. Yet the most important message in Xxxxx’x 1991 lec- ture is that Xxxxx Observatoryand – as we can sense in Xxxxx’x reply to a comment by Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx – American academics in gen- eral attaches far too much importance to the state and far too easily assumes that only a world state can be an alternative for the classical nation-state. Xxxxx calls for a far more flexible understanding of structures of social cooperation, reflecting a political reality in which state authority ‘leaks away’ to sub- and supranational institutions, and in which peoples, socie- ties and cooperative ventures are not necessarily identical (cf. also Wissenburg, 2007). In this respect, Xxxxx was at least a decade ahead of, and may still inspire, current academic debates on the right to partial or total secession, on the justification of borders per se, and about the (at least contractual) justification of governance and institutions of governance. XXXXX XXXXX’X LECTURE AUTHOR COPY Undoubtedly, Xxxx Xxxxx’ A Theory of Justice (1971) has been responsible for an upsurge in the production of political philosophical literature. Yet little of what has been written since – including my own work – concerns the concept of the state. Modern political philosophy takes the state and its boundaries as a given, in sharp contrast to classic contract theor- ists like Xxxxxx, Xxxxx, and Xxxxxxxx. Xxxxx himself is a good example: his theory is built on the assumption of a certain kind of society, characterized as a group of people living in a state, with a common sense of justice, and rules to which they agree and generally adhere. A society is, furthermore, supposed to know no immigration or emigration, to be economically self-sufficient, and to have no external obligations of any kind. In short, Xxxxx’ view of society is not xxx- xxxxx for this century; an organization like the UN does not fit into his theory. Within this framework, Xxxxx develops a social-democratic theory of the rights of citizens. His explicit aim is the reconcilia- tion of liberty and equality by means of his two principles. Liberty in these principles is represented by civil liberties and the free- dom to follow one’s preferences; equality is the basic principle of distribution. How- ever, the theory has a hidden third leg – efficiency. Xxxxx turns the Pareto-principle of rationality or efficiency into a principle of justice. He allows deviations from equality in those cases where an unequal distribution would make someone better off than she was before, without making anyone else worse off. From these possi- ble Pareto-optimal distributions, Xxxxx then selects the most equal distribution, the one that makes the worst-off in society best off – the so-called maximin-rule. Now Xxxxx is important for two reasons. Firstly, he is politically important. Ever since the publication of his book, it seems clear to us that if a moderately redistribu- tive welfare state – like ours – can be defended, then Xxxxx’ theory would be best suited. Secondly, he is intellectually important as he has set the agenda for political philosophy, leaving open numer- ous lines for criticism and revision. Let me illustrate four possible types of move towards Xxxxx. Firstly, Xxxxx’ argu- ments can be criticized, especially his Original Position and the derivation of his principles from this version of the state of nature. There are other conceivable ori- ginal positions, and I think mine is one of the more interesting (cf. Xxxxx, 1989). Secondly, there are internal problems of consistency in his theory. His principle of distributive justice – the ‘difference principle’ – for instance combines two political theories in one: Xxxxxx’s, which is welfare-based, and his own, which is resource-based. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos effect of all flavors interacting applying this principle might be that someone gets paid more (resources) as an incentive to work harder in the atmosphere at large zenith anglesinterest of society, but in fact works less hard, and therefore has more welfare. The difference principle is intuitively appealing, but cannot be taken seriously as it stands now. Thirdly, the underlying ideas of the theory can be modified. The difference principle – again – forbids the use of merit-arguments in distribution. But can this be reconciled with Xxxxx’ ideas about rights and opportunities, which imply that what people get should reflect what they choose to do? In other words, can desert or merit be included in his theory? Finally, the implications of Xxxxx’ theory can be explored. Xxxxx has, for example, little to say about the intra-state and inter-class exchanges needed to finance the social security of a welfare state. I now switch to autobiography for a short personal statement. I feel com- mitted to both the political and the intellectual programme of Xxxxx: I think the Western European arrangements of societies are better than any existing alternative, and I think that changes in these arrangements must be defended from within the existing framework. The most fruitful approach to political theory is contractual, that is, justification of theories by agreement under ideal con- ditions. Xxxxxxx Xxxxx’ Political Equality (1990) is an excellent example of this approach, as well is my own three-volume treatise on social justice1 – though I fear it will turn out in the same way as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative my Political Argument (Xxxxx, 1968), which seems to have been the Earthlast contribution to linguistic philosophy. No neutrino candidates were found My book on social justice may be seen as the end of the line, while the philosophical debate is moving into new territory. I do not think that I am saying the last word on the subject, but perhaps our energy can be spent in ∼ 14.7 years better ways. Now why do I say this? Because build- ing theories of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their fluxthis kind is more costly than beneficial. The 90% C.L. singleadvantages are real; there is now a well-flavor limit to worked out tradition for analysing states – but the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum problem is that the conceptual net catches too little reality. Compare Xxxxx’ assumptions about the state: the facts are that there are many political decisions taken outside the state’s borders – for example in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–the

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal DOI 10.1007/s00330-016-4317-3 CHEST Software performance in segmenting ground-glass and solid components of Cosmology subsolid nodules in pulmonary adenocarcinomas Julien G. Cohen1,2 • Jin Mo Goo 1,3 • Roh-Eul Yoo1 • Xxxxx Min Park1,3 • Xxxxx Xxxx Xxx 1 • Xxxx van Ginneken4 • Doo Hyun Chung5 • Young Xxx Xxx 3,6 Received: 8 July 2015 / Revised: 14 February 2016 / Accepted: 2 March 2016 / Published online: 5 April 2016 Ⓒ European Society of Radiology 2016 Abstract Objective To evaluate the performance of software in segmenting ground-glass and Astroparticle Physics An IOP solid components of subsolid nodules in pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Method Seventy-three pulmonary adenocarcinomas mani- festing as subsolid nodules were included. Two radiologists measured the maximal axial diameter of the ground-glass components on lung windows and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing that of the origin solid compo- nents on lung and mediastinal windows. Nodules were seg- mented using software by applying five (-850 HU to -650 HU) and nine (-130 HU to -500 HU) attenuation thresholds. We compared the manual and software measurements of ultraground- glass and solid components with pathology measurements of tumour and invasive components. Results Segmentation of ground-highglass components at a threshold of -750 HU yielded mean differences of +0.06 mm (p = 0.83, 95 % limits of agreement, 4.51 to 4.67) and - 2.32 mm (p < 0.001, -8.27 to 3.63) when compared with pa- thology and manual measurements, respectively. For solid components, mean differences between the software (at - 350 HU) and pathology measurements and between the man- ual (lung and mediastinal windows) and pathology measure- ments were -0.12 mm (p = 0.74, -5.73 to 5.55]), 0.15 mm (p = 0.73, -6.92 to 7.22), and -1.14 mm (p < 0.001, -7.93 to 5.64), respectively. Conclusion Software segmentation of ground-energy cosmic rays glass and solid components in subsolid nodules showed no significant differ- Jin Mo Goo xxxxx@xxxxx.xxx.xx.xx 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 000 Xxxxxx-xx, Xxxxxx-xx, Xxxxx 000-000, Xxxxx 2 Clinique Universitaire de Radiologie et Imagerie Médicale (CURIM), Université Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France 3 Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 4 Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx 00, 0000 XX Xxxxxxxx, Xxx Xxxxxxxxxxx 5 Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ence with neutrinos pathology. Key Points • Software can effectively segment ground-glass and solid components in subsolid nodules. • Software measurements show no significant difference with pathology measurements. • Manual measurements are more accurate on lung windows than on mediastinal windows. Keywords Solitary pulmonary nodule . Lung cancer . Subsolid nodule . Adenocarcinoma . Segmentation Introduction Persistent pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) have been a growing concern in the EeV energy range using last few years because many of them turned out to be pulmonary adenocarcinomas or their precursors [1, 2]. In the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 192011 IASLC/ATS/ERS classification [3], 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with it was recommended to report the Surface Detec- tor Array size of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatorysolid component and entire tumour size separately for part-solid GGNs as the invasive component of pulmonary adenocar- cinoma is closely related to a patient’s prognosis. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos A sub- sequent study showed that the diameter of all flavors interacting the solid com- ponent was a better prognostic predictor than the largest diameter of the whole nodule in adenocarcinomas appearing as part-solid GGNs [4]. Therefore, the atmosphere at large zenith angles, diameter of the solid component as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years size of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum whole nodule is a key element in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–recent recommendations for the management of subsolid nodules [2]. However, when the variability of manual measurements was assessed, 95 % limits of interobserver agreement were reported to be 1.72 mm and 1.73 mm for GGNs and solid nodules, respectively [5, 6]. As for a part-solid GGN, the interob- server measurement variability of solid component may be even higher given the fact that solid components are usually very small, with the largest diameters of no more than a few millimetres. Furthermore, given their slow growth rate, it may not be easy to determine interval changes in GGNs with manual measurements, especially when the solid component is small.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Individuation and Semantic Role Interpretation in the Adpositional Domain Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxx xx Xxxxx Abstract In this chapter we discuss the role of Cosmology Individuation on semantic role interpretation in the adpositional domain. Taking the findings of Aris- tar (1996, 1997) for the case domain as our starting point we examine whether similar observations can be made for the adpositional do- main. On the basis of a corpus study in Dutch we determine whether adpositions show restrictions on the animacy and Astroparticle Physics An IOP semantic roles of their complements and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing whether there is a correlation between the origin of ultratwo. Our results suggest that only low-frequency adpositions show typing restrictions whereas we observe much variation with high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–frequency ones.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Correspondence Published Online‌ June 12, 2020 xxxxx://xxx.xxx/10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)31377-5 Published Online June 18, 2020 xxxxx://xxx.xxx/10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)31412-4 XXX is a co-founder of Cosmology International Physicians for Prevention of Nuclear War, the organisation awarded the 1985 Nobel Peace Prize. DGN is a co-founder of Physicians for Social Responsibility. We declare no competing interests. *Xxxxx X Xxxxxx, Xxxxx G Xxxxxx xxxxx.xxxxxx00@xxxxx.xxx Xxxxxxx and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Women’s Hospital (JEM), Xxxx-Xxxxxx Cancer Institute (DGN), and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin Boston Children’s Hospital (DGN), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA 1 Ghinai I, XxXxxxxxx XX, Xxxxxx XX, et al. First known person-to-person transmission of ultrasevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos CoV-2) in the EeV energy range using USA. Lancet 2020; 395: 1137–44. 2 Xxxxx XX, Xxxxxxx XX, Xxxxxx S, et al. Human and ecologic effects in Massachusetts of an assumed thermonuclear attack on the United States. N Engl J Med 1962; 266: 1127–37. 3 Xxxx X, Xxxxxxx E, Xxxxxx J, Xxxxxx H. The nuclear-arms race and the physician. N Engl J Med 1981; 304: 726–29. 4 Xxxxxx XX. Inadvertent nuclear war. Lancet 1988; 2: 559–60. 5 Xxxxx Observatory N, Xxxxx, M, Xxxxxx N, et al. The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate. Lancet 2019; 394: 1836–78. 6 The New York Times Archives. The Einstein letter that started it all; a message to President Xxxxxxxxx 25 years ago launched the atom bomb and the atomic age. Aug 2, 1964. https:// xxx.xxxxxxx.xxx/0000/00/00/xxxxxxxx/xxx- einstein-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received letter-that-started-it-all-a-message- to-president.html (accessed June 1910, 2019 Accepted September 52020). Gendered effects of school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic Governments worldwide have imple- mented school closures as a preventive measure to the spread of COVID-19. According to UNESCO, 2019 Published October 8school closures have sent about 90% of all students out of school, 2019 Abstractamong them more than 800 million girls. Neutrinos A substantial number of these girls live in the world’s least developed countries where getting an education is already a struggle. We agree with energies above 1017 eV Xxxx and colleagues1 who recog- nise girls as a vulnerable group in the COVID-19 pandemic, stress two issues hindering girls’ education in developing countries, and challenge progress and commitment toward gender equality, girl empowerment, and the Sustainable Development Goals. The first issue relates to sexual and reproductive health aspects, where teenage girls might disproportionately drop out of school due to an increased risk of sexual exploitation, pregnancy, and (forced) marriage. School closures during the Ebola outbreak were asso- ciated with an increase in teenage pregnancies.2 Once schools re-opened, many “visibly pregnant girls”2 were banned from going back to school. With schools closing throughout the developing world, where stigma around teenage pregnancies prevails, we will probably see an increase in drop-out rates as teenage girls become pregnant or married. The second issue relates to socio- economic aspects, where girls might spend less time studying or might drop out of school at higher rates than boys because of a disproportionate increase in unpaid household work. Girls aged 5–14 years already spend 40% more time doing household work than boys do.3 As girls stay at home because of school closures, their household work burdens might increase, resulting in girls spending more time helping out at home instead of studying. This might encourage parents, particularly those putting a lower value on girls’ education, to keep their daughters at home even after schools reopen. Moreover, research shows that girls risk dropping out of school when caregivers are detectable missing from the household because they typically have to (partly) replace the work done by the missing caregiver,4 who might be away due to COVID-19-related work, illness, or death. Therefore, with the Surface Detec- tor Array current COVID-19 pandemic, we might see more girls than boys helping at home, lagging behind with studying, and dropping out of school. We warn that school closures in this COVID-19 pandemic may bolster gender gaps in education and girl empowerment dampening any pro- xxxxx already made, particularly in developing countries. We call for public acknowledgment and discussion about the adverse effects school closures can have on widening of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatoryschooling gap between girls and boys. The identification is efficiently performed We call for neutrinos a gendered perspective in developing policy responses by tackling the sexual and reproductive health and socioeconomic issues addressed here to bring girls back to school after the measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic end. We also ask governments to collect data specifically on non-paid housework and childcare responsibilities frequently ignored when investigating the consequences of all flavors interacting in child labour. Addressing the atmosphere at large zenith angleshealth and socioeconomic issues girls might face during this pandemic, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative collecting data to quantify their effects, are important in honouring the commitment to the EarthSustainable Development Goals. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018We declare no competing interests. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux*Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx x.xxxxxxxxx@xx.xx.xx Institute for Management Research, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands (KB, GC); and Xxxx Xxxxxxxx Centre for Financial Studies, Xxxx University, Lund, Sweden (KB) 1 Hall KS, Samari G, Xxxxxxx S, et al. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum Centring sexual and reproductive health and justice in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–global COVID-19 response. Lancet 2020; 395: 1175–77. 2 Xxxxxx JWT, Xxxxxxxxxx C, Xxxxxx P, Xxxxxx J. The health impact of the 2015 Ebola outbreak. Public Health 2017; 143: 60–70. 3 UNICEF. Girls spend 160 million more hours than boys doing household chores everyday. Oct 7, 2016. xxxxx://xxx.xxxxxx.xxx/press- releases/girls-spend-160-million-more-hours- boys-doing-household-chores-everyday (accessed April 10, 2020).

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing Observation of inclined EeV air showers with the origin radio detector of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration ETo cite this article: A. Xxx et al JCAP10(2018)026 View the article online for updates and enhancements. You may also like - Limits on point-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos like sources of ultra-high- energy neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal SOPalign: A Tool for Automatic Estimation of Cosmology Compliance with Medical Guidelines Luke van Leijenhorst1,3(✉) , Arjen P. de Vries1 , Xxxxx Xxxxxx Jansen2 , and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Xxxxxx Wertheim3 1 Institute for Computing and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands {luke.vanleijenhorst,xxxxx.xxxxxxx}@xx.xx 2 Department of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos Infection Prevention and Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, Netherlands xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxxxx.xx 3 Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx@xxxxxxxxxx.xx Abstract. SOPalign is a tool designed for hospitals and other health- care providers in the EeV energy range using Netherlands to automatically estimate the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable com- pliance of internal standard operating procedures (SOPs) for employees with the Surface Detec- tor Array national guidelines. In this tool, users can upload the SOPs of their hospital and the Xxxxxx recommendations from the most recent guide- lines. SOPalign will then link the individual recommendations from the guidelines to the relevant passages of text in the SOPs and determine whether these passages are compliant with the recommendations. To link the SOP passages to the recommendations from the guideline, we make use of a Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) model based on the siamese XXXX-network architecture. For efficiency reasons, we only apply the STS model to sentences that exceed a threshold in n-gram cosine simi- larity. To estimate compliance of SOPs with guideline recommendations, we have fine-tuned pre-trained language models using two different Dutch Natural Language Inference (NLI) datasets. · · Keywords: Information retrieval Natural language inference Semantic textual similarity 1 Introduction In healthcare, medical knowledge is captured into guidelines that support health- care professionals to deliver the best possible quality of care. In hospitals and other healthcare settings, these guidelines are implemented and integrated in local standard operating procedures (SOPs). When guidelines are updated, it is important to also update all SOPs that are based on this guideline. In most hospitals, this is a manual process in which employees periodically adjust the Oc The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 X. Xxxxx Observatoryet al. (Eds.): ECIR 2023, LNCS 13982, pp. 307–312, 2023. xxxxx://xxx.xxx/10.1007/978-3-031-28241-6_31 SOPs associated with the guideline in the quality system. Given the number of guidelines and the number of SOPs in a hospital, this is a vulnerable process that may lead to SOPs that are (partially) outdated. SOPalign is a tool that uses natural language processing techniques to assess where SOPs are compliant with the applicable guidelines, and where they dif- fer. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting tool can support healthcare facilities to keep their procedures updated with the guidelines. It also helps to discover bottlenecks in the atmosphere at large zenith anglesguideline rec- ommendations, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos when recommendations in guidelines do not appear in SOPs, or the SOPs are not compliant with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018guideline. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their fluxis an important step in the improvement cycle of guidelines and supports the perspective of ‘living guidelines’. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit authors foresee a transition from a collection of independent documents into a hyperlinked network of guidelines and SOPs. Our tool aims to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–enable this transition at a low cost.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal of Cosmology Research Frontiers in Information Retrieval Report from the Third Strategic Workshop on Information Retrieval in Lorne (SWIRL 2018) Editors X. Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx Xxxx, and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Xxxx X. Xxxxxxx Authors and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultraParticipants (listed alphabetically) Xxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxx Xxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxx, Xxx Xxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx X. X. Xxxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxxxxx-highXxxxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxxx X. Xxxxx Xxxxx, X. Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx Xxxx Xxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxxxx Xxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxxx Xxx, Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxx Xxx, Xxxxxx Xx, Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxx-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxx Xxx, Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx xx Xxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxx Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxxxx Xxxx, Xxxxx Xxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxxx Observatory Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxx X. xx Xxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxxxx Abstract The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array purpose of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx ObservatoryStrategic Workshop in Information Retrieval in Lorne is to explore the long-range issues of the Information Retrieval field, to recognize challenges that are on – or even over – the horizon, to build consensus on some of the key challenges, and to disseminate the resulting information to the research community. The identification intent is efficiently performed that this description of open problems will help to inspire researchers and graduate students to address the questions, and will provide funding agencies data to focus and coordinate support for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–information retrieval research.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Complete conversion of Cosmology nitrate into dinitrogen gas in co-cultures of denitrifying bacteria K.T. Van de Pas-Schoonen*, X. Xxxxxx-Xxxx†, X. Xxxxxxx*, X. Xxxxxx*, X. Op den Camp*, X. Xxxxxx*, X. Xxxx Xxxxxx† and Astroparticle Physics An IOP M.S.M. Jetten*†1 *Department of Microbiology, RU Nijmegen NL, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing †Department of Biotechnology, TU Delft NL, The Netherlands Abstract In the origin past 10 years many molecular aspects of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos microbial nitrate reduction have been elucidated, but the ecophysiology of this process is hardly understood. In this contribution, our efforts to study the complex microbial communities and interactions involved in the EeV energy range using reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen gas are summarized. The initial work concentrated on emission of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19greenhouse gas nitrous oxide during incomplete denitrification by Alcaligenes faecalis. As more research methods became available, 2019 Accepted September 5the fitness of A. faecalis could be tested in mixed cultures with other denitrifying bacteria, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable most notably with the Surface Detec- tor Array nitrate-reducing bacterium Pseudomonas G9. Finally, the advancement of molecular diagnostic tools made it possible to survey complex microbial communities using specific primer sets for/and antibodies raised against the various NOx reductases. Given the enormous complexity of substrates and environmental conditions, it is evident that mixed cultures rather than single species are responsible for denitrification in man-made and natural ecosystems. However, it is surprising that even for the breakdown of a single compound, such as acetate, mixed cultures are responsible, and that the consecutive denitrification steps are commonly performed by mutualistic co-operating species. Our observations also indicate that we seldom know the identity of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting major key players in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years nitrogen cycle of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–these ecosystems.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal KangarooTwelve: Fast Hashing Based on Keccak-p Xxxxx Xxxxxxx0, Xxxx Xxxxxx0,2, Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx0, Xxxxxx Xxx Xxxxxx0(✉), Xxxxx Xxx Xxxx0, and Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx0 1 STMicroelectronics, Diegem, Belgium xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx@xx.xxx 2 Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 3 Security Pattern, Brescia, Italy Abstract. We present KangarooTwelve, a fast and secure arbi- trary output-length hash function aiming at a higher speed than the FIPS 202’s SHA-3 and SHAKE functions. While sharing many features with SHAKE128, like the cryptographic primitive, the sponge construc- tion, the eXtendable Output Function (XOF) and the 128-bit security strength, KangarooTwelve offers two major improvements over its standard counterpart. First it has a built-in parallel mode that efficiently exploits multi-core or SIMD instruction parallelism for long messages, without impacting the performance for short messages. Second, relying on the cryptanalysis results on Keccak over the past ten years, we tuned its permutation to require twice less computation effort while still offering a comfortable safety margin. By combining these two changes KangarooTwelve consumes less than 0.55 cycles/byte for long mes- sages on the latest Intel◎’s SkylakeX architectures. The generic security of Cosmology KangarooTwelve is guaranteed by the use of Sakura encoding for the tree hashing and Astroparticle Physics An IOP of the sponge construction for the compression function. Keywords: Symmetric cryptography · Hash function · Tree hashing Keccak · Software performance 1 Introduction Most cryptography involves careful trade-offs between performance and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing secu- rity. The performance of a cryptographic function can be objectively measured, although it can yield a wide spectrum of figures depending on the origin variety of ultrahardware and software platforms that the users may be interested in. Out of these, performance on widespread processors is easily measurable and naturally becomes the most visible feature. Security on the other hand cannot be mea- sured. The best one can do is to obtain security assurance by relying on public scrutiny by skilled cryptanalysts. This is a scarce resource and the gaining of X x Xxxxxxxx International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 X. Xxxxxxx and X. Xxxxxxxxxxx (Eds.): ACNS 2018, LNCS 10892, pp. 400–418, 2018. xxxxx://xxx.xxx/10.1007/978-3-319-93387-0_21 insight requires time and reflection. With the growing emphasis on provable secu- rity reduction of modes, the fact that the security of the underlying primitives is still based on public scrutiny should not be overlooked. In this paper we present the hash function KangarooTwelve, or more exactly an eXtendable Output Function (XOF). KangarooTwelve makes use of a tree hash mode with Sakura encoding [9, 30] and the sponge construc- tion [7], both proven secure. Its underlying permutation is a member of the Keccak-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos p[1600, nr] family, differing from that of Keccak only in the EeV energy range num- ber of rounds. Since its publication in 2008, the round function of Keccak was never tweaked [6]. Moreover, as for most symmetric cryptographic primi- tives, third-party cryptanalysis has been applied to reduced-round versions of Keccak. Hence KangarooTwelve’s security assurance directly benefits from nearly ten years of public scrutiny, including all cryptanalysis during and after the SHA-3 competition [13]. KangarooTwelve gets its low computational workload per bit from using the Keccak-f [1600] permutation reduced to 12 rounds. Clearly, 12 rounds pro- vide less safety margin than the full 24 rounds in SHA-3 and SHAKE func- tions. Still, the safety margin provided by 12 rounds is comfortable as, e.g., the best published collision attacks at time of writing break Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory only up to 6 rounds [15, 16, 36, 37]. The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration Eother design choice that gives KangarooTwelve great speed for long messages is the use of a tree hash mode. This mode is transparent for the user in the sense that the message length fully determines the tree topology. Basically, the mode calls an underlying sponge-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with based compression function for each 8192- byte chunk of message and finally hashes the Surface Detec- tor Array concatenation of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatoryresulting digests. We call this the final node growing approach. Clearly, the chunks can be hashed in parallel. The identification main advantage of the final node growing approach is efficiently performed for neutrinos that implementers can decide on the degree of all flavors interacting parallelism their programs support. A simple imple- mentation could compute everything serially, while another would process two, four or more branches in parallel using multiple cores, or more simply, a SIMD instruction set such as the Intel◎ AVX2TM. Future processors can even con- tain an increasing number of cores, or wider SIMD registers as exemplified by the recent AVX-512TM instruction set, and KangarooTwelve will be readily able to exploit them. The fixed length of the chunks and the fact that the tree topology is fully determined by the message length improves interoperability: The hash result is independent of the amount of parallelism exploited in the atmosphere at large zenith anglesimplementation. KangarooTwelve is not the only Keccak-based parallel hash mode. In late 2016, as well as NIST published the SP 800-185 standard, including a parallelized hash mode called ParallelHash [31]. Compared to ParallelHash, KangarooTwelve improves on the speed for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative short messages. ParallelHash compresses message chunks to digests in a first stage and compresses the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found concatenation of the digests in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018a second stage. This leads two-stage hashing introduces an overhead that is costly for short messages. In KangarooTwelve we apply a technique called kangaroo hopping : It merges the hashing of the first chunk of the message and that of the chaining values of the remaining chunks [9]. As a result, the two stages reduce to restrictive upper bounds on their fluxone if the input fits in one chunk with no overhead whatsoever. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to Finally, KangarooTwelve is a concrete application of the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum Sakura encod- ing, which yields secure tree hash modes by construction [9]. After setting up some notation conventions in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–Sect. 2, we specify Kanga- rooTwelve in Sect. 3. Section 4 gives a rationale and Sect. 5 introduces a closely related variant called MarsupilamiFourteen. In Sect. 6, we discuss implemen- tation aspects and display benchmarks for recent processors.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Section III The Ordering Functions of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos Law in the EeV energy range using Ordoliberal Tradition Debunking the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration EMyth of the Ordoliberal Influence on Post-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19war European Integration XXXXXX XXXXXX ABSTRACT References to ordoliberal influence in the context of German and European Community/Union economic regulations, 2019 Accepted September 5and competition rules in particular, 2019 Published October 8are frequently made by scholars and politicians alike. Moreover, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable ordoliberalism is often conflated with the Surface Detec- tor Array German postwar social market economy, and hence portrayed as distinctively different from neoliberalism. This chapter argues that the role of ordo- liberals and ordoliberal thinking tends to be exaggerated: ordoliberalism should not be mistaken with the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatorynotion of social market economy, nor seen as dissimilar from neoliberalism. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos Moreover, the chapter demonstrates that the role of all flavors interacting ordoliberals in the atmosphere formulation and subsequent enforcement of competition rules both in Germany and at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the EarthEuropean Community level has been marginal at best. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–C

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Skylines for Symbolic Energy Consumption Analysis Markus Klinik1(✉), Xxxxxxx van Gastel1,2, Xxxxxxx Kop1, and Marko van Eekelen1,2 1 Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands {M.Klinik,X.xxxXxxxxx,X.Xxx,Xxxxx}@xx.xx.xx 2 Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands {Xxxxxxx.xxxXxxxxx,Xxxxx.xxxXxxxxxx}@xx.xx Abstract. Energy consumption in embedded systems plays a large role as it has implications for the power supply and the batteries used. Pro- grammers of Cosmology these systems should consider how their programs control external devices, and Astroparticle Physics An IOP where energy consumption hotspots lie. We present a static analysis to predict and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin visualize energy consumption of ultra-high-external devices controlled by programs written in a simple imperative program- ming language. Currently available energy cosmic rays with neutrinos consumption analysis tech- niques generate graphs over time, which makes it difficult to see from where in the EeV energy range using source code the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19consumption originates. Our method gen- erates graphs over source locations, 2019 Accepted September 5called skyline diagrams, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstractshowing the maximum power draw for each line of source code. Neutrinos Our method harnesses symbolic execution extended with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatorysupport for controlling external devices. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith anglesThis gives accurate predictions and com- plete code path coverage, as well far as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos the limits of computability allow. To make the diagrams easier to understand, we introduce a merge algo- rithm that condenses all skylines into a concise overview. We demonstrate the potential by analysing various example programs with nearly tangential trajectories relative our prototype implementation. We envision this approach being used to identify energy consumption hotspots of embedded systems during the Earthdesign and devel- opment phase, in a less involved way than traditional approaches. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–Keywords: Symbolic execution · Program analysis · Energy use

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos Oxford Handbooks Online Examining Diversity in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory Organizations from Critical Perspectives: The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array Validity of the Research Process Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx The Oxford Handbook of Diversity in Organizations Edited by Xxxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith anglesXxxxxxxxx, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–and Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx Print Publication Date: Nov 2015 Subject: Business and Management, Human Resource Management, Organizational Theory and Behaviour Online Publication Date: Jan 2016 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199679805.013.23

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All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing Instrumentation X X Xxxxxxxx Techniques for measuring aerosol attenuation You may also like - Two interacting Ising chains in relative motion - Statistical mechanics of learning using the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using Central Laser Facility at the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory To cite this article: The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration Collaboration 2013 JINST 8 P04009 orthogonal signals for general covariance models Xxxxx X Xxxxx - Random tree growth by vertex splitting X Xxxxx, X X X Xxxxx, X Xxxxxxx et al. View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 195.169.219.102 on 09/09/2022 at 11:54 Published by IOP Publishing for Sissa Medialab Received: December 18, 2012 Accepted: March 11, 2013 Published: April 12, 2013 2013 Techniques for measuring aerosol attenuation using the Central Laser Facility at the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory JINST The Xxxxxx Xxxxx Collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19P04009 ABSTRACT: The Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory in Malargu¨e, 2019 Accepted September 5Argentina, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos is designed to study the prop- erties of ultra-high energy cosmic rays with energies above 1017 eV 1018 eV. It is a hybrid facility that employs a Fluorescence Detector to perform nearly calorimetric measurements of Extensive Air Shower energies. To obtain reliable calorimetric information from the FD, the atmospheric condi- tions at the observatory need to be continuously monitored during data acquisition. In particular, light attenuation due to aerosols is an important atmospheric correction. The aerosol concentration is highly variable, so that the aerosol attenuation needs to be evaluated hourly. We use light from the Central Laser Facility, located near the center of the observatory site, having an optical signa- ture comparable to that of the highest energy showers detected by the FD. This paper presents two procedures developed to retrieve the aerosol attenuation of fluorescence light from CLF laser shots. Cross checks between the two methods demonstrate that results from both analyses are detectable with compati- ble, and that the Surface Detec- tor Array uncertainties are well understood. The measurements of the aerosol attenuation provided by the two procedures are currently used at the Xxxxxx Xxxxx ObservatoryObservatory to reconstruct air shower data. KEYWORDS: Data analysis; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams) ◯c 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl doi:10.1088/1748-0221/8/04/P04009 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Atmospheric attenuation 3 3 The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of Central Laser Facility 6 2013 4 CLF data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–analysis 7

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal MATERIALS CHEMISTRY Published on 11 October 2018. Downloaded on 9/4/2019 8:20:33 AM. FRONTIERS RESEARCH ARTICLE View Article Online View Journal | View Issue Cite this: Mater. Chem. Front., 2018, 2, 2263 Received 31st July 2018, Accepted 10th October 2018 DOI: 10.1039/c8qm00375k xxx.xx/xxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxx Wavelength dependent nonlinear optical response of Cosmology tetraphenylethene aggregation-induced emission luminogens† Xxxxxx Xxxxx,a Xxxxxx Xx,bc Xxxxxxxx Xxxx,b Xxxxxx Xxxxx,x Xxxxxxxx Xxx,a Xxxxxxxx Xx,*a Xxxx Xxxxxxx and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing Xxxx-Xx Xx *ad Since the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array discovery of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatorystriking aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomenon, tremendous efforts have been devoted to the exploration of brilliant organic solid-state light emitting materials and their underlying mechanistic theories. While AIE is well established in linear optics, the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the AIE luminogens (AIEgens) remain relatively unexplored. Here, we present a detailed study of the NLO properties of crystalline prototypical AIEgens based on tetraphenylethene (TPE). The identification results disclose a highly efficient NLO response of TPE crystals which is efficiently performed for neutrinos strongly dependent on the wavelength of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere incident near infrared (NIR) light. TPE exhibits mainly two-photon excited fluorescence (TPF) upon excitation at large zenith angles700 nm o l o 800 nm, as well as for Earthwhile it exhibits three-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earthphoton excited fluorescence (3PF) if pumped at 800 nm o l o 840 nm. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their fluxFor pump wavelengths longer than 840 nm, mainly second harmonic generation (SHG) is observed. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit introduction of halogen atoms into the TPE backbone results in comparable NLO hyperpolarizabilities, but allows for future derivations and functionalizations. The exploration of the nonlinear optical properties of AIEgens might open a new avenue to the diffuse flux a next generation of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–multifunctional organic and composite photonic materials and devices.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal How Institutions Matter! Understanding “Failed” Markets: Conflicting Logics and Dissonance in Attempts to Price the Priceless Child Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx Xxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx Article information: Downloaded by RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN At 05:07 01 March 2017 (PT) To cite this document: Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx Xxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx . "Understanding “Failed” Markets: Conflicting Logics and Dissonance in Attempts to Price the Priceless Child" In How Institutions Matter! Published online: 22 Dec 2016; 37-68. Permanent link to this document: xxxx://xx.xxx.xxx/10.1108/S0733-558X201600048B002 Downloaded on: 01 March 2017, At: 05:07 (PT) References: this document contains references to 0 other documents. To copy this document: xxxxxxxxxxx@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx The fulltext of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing this document has been downloaded 40 times since 2016* Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: (2016),"Institutional Maintenance through Business Collective Action: The Alcohol Industry’s Engagement with the origin Issue of ultraAlcohol-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos Related Harm", Research in the EeV energy range using Sociology of Organizations, Vol. 48B pp. 101-143 xxxx://xx.xxx.xxx/10.1108/ S0733-558X201600048B006 (2016),"How Institutional Logics Matter: A Bottom-Up Exploration", Research in the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration ESociology of Organizations, Vol. 48A pp. 137-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19155 xxxx://xx.xxx.xxx/10.1108/ S0733-558X201600048A005 Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by emerald-srm:304742 [] For Authors If you would like to write for this, 2019 Accepted September 5or any other Emerald publication, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstractthen please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. 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Downloaded by RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN At 05:07 01 March 2017 (PT) Downloaded by RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN At 05:07 01 March 2017 (PT) UNDERSTANDING “FAILED” MARKETS: CONFLICTING LOGICS AND DISSONANCE IN ATTEMPTS TO PRICE THE PRICELESS CHILD‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌ Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxx and Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx ABSTRACT While scholars have developed increasingly well-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative developed accounts of institutional change, little attention has been paid to how change is resisted and, in particular, how efforts to marketize fail. We draw on the institutional logics perspective to guide analysis of an empirical case of the failed attempt by the Dutch state to marketize childcare organiza- tions and create a market for childcare. We document that even though the existence of logics that were antithetical to the Earthmarket logic did not catalyze organized collective resistance to marketization, the market logic never took root, and marketization has even been rolled back. No neutrino candidates were found We argue that the failure to create a childcare market in ∼ 14.7 years the Netherlands was caused by individual-level cognitive dissonance that cumulated into profound field-level ambivalence that undermined efforts to implement market practices. We develop several propositions that could usefully How Institutions Matter! Research in the Sociology of data taken up Organizations, Volume 48B, 37—68 Copyright Ⓒ 2017 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 0733-558X/doi:10.1108/S0733-558X201600048 B002 guide future research on how cognitive dissonance might underlie the failure to 31 August 2018construct markets. This leads By theorizing failure to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit change a field, we contribute to the diffuse flux limited body of ultrawork that has looked at failed attempts to change institutions, arguing for more attention to individual-highfield cross-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–level dynamics. Downloaded by RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN At 05:07 01 March 2017 (PT) Keywords: Cognitive dissonance; institutional logics; marketization; institutional change; failure; childcare

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal 6 Gerechtshof Amsterdam (Ondernemingskamer) 10 juli 2018, nr. 200.213.190/01 OK, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2018:2380 (xx. Xxxxxxx, mr. Xxx Boer, xx. Xxxxxxxxxxxx-Xxxxxxxx, prof. xx. Xxxxxxxxxxx RA, drs. Streppel) Noot prof. mr. C.D.J. Bulten Stemgerechtigde pandhouder. Geen overgang van stemrecht. Vennootschappelijk belang niet zodanig geschaad dat stemrecht wordt ontnomen. Terughoudende toetsing van daadwerkelijke gedragingen stemgerechtigde pandhouder. Handelingen xxx xxxxxx op basis van steminstructie xxxxxx niet zonder meer toegerekend aan pandhouder. Vervolg op Rb. Amsterdam 4 mei 2016, «JOR» 2016/327, m.nt. Hutten. [BW art. 2:342] Art. 2:342 BW vereist voor toewijzing van de vor- xxxxxx tot ontneming van het stemrecht, voor zover in dit geval relevant, dat sprake is van een xxxxx- xxxx van de stemgerechtigde pandhouder xxxxx zodanige xxxxxx toebrengt aan het vennootschap- pelijk belang dat in redelijkheid niet xxx xxxxxx geduld dat hij het stemrecht blijft uitoefenen. Zoals ook de rechtbank heeft overwogen, is het met be- hulp van de verkregen stemrechten (kunnen) uit- xxxxxx van zijn pandrecht een gerechtvaardigd belang van een pandhouder dat niet steeds parallel loopt met dat van de vennootschap. Dit noopt tot terughoudendheid bij de beoordeling of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin een xxxxx- xxxx van een pandhouder dusdanig xxxxxx toe- brengt aan het vennootschappeljk belang dat hem zijn stemrechten moeten xxxxxx ontnomen op de voet van art. 2:342 BW, waarbij hier in het midden kan blijven of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos voor de toepassing van dat artikel moet zijn voldaan aan het criterium van art. 3:13 BW. Als uitgangspunt bij de toepassing van art. 2:342 BW geldt dat het steeds moet gaan om daadwerkelijke gedragingen van de stemgerechtig- de pandhouder. Voor de onderhavige beoordeling zijn dus alleen concrete handelingen van RBS relevant. De OK onderschrijft het oordeel van de rechtbank dat de door Xxxx gestelde gedragingen van Tchenguiz en/of de Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx die niet geresul- teerd hebben in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19daadwerkelijke handelingen van RBS, 2019 Accepted September 5voor de toepassing van art. 2:342 XX xxxxxx beschouwing moeten blijven. Met betrekking tot xx xxxxxxxx van Xxxx dat een vordering op grond van art. 2:342 BW xxx eenvoudig kan xxxxxx xx- frustreerd door er “een facility agent tussen te schuiven”, 2019 Published October 8overweegt de OK dat ook in het geval dat een facility agent/pandhouder contractueel gehouden is in het kader van de uitoefening van het stemrecht op instructie van een ander xx xxx- xxxxx, 2019 Abstractheeft xx xxxxxx dat voor de beoordeling van een beroep op art. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array 2:342 BW bepalend zal zijn of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatoryde pandhouder door de gedragingen zoals hij die, al xxx niet op instructie, daadwerkelijk heeft ver- richt het belang van de vennootschap zodanig xxxxxxx dat in redelijkheid niet xxx xxxxxx geduld dat hij het stemrecht blijft uitoefenen. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting In het geval van handelingen die niet vallen binnen dit beoor- delingskader van art. 2:342 BW zal een vordering op andere grondslag zijn aangewezen indien der- gelijke handelingen xxxxxx toebrengen xxx wel in the atmosphere at large zenith anglesconcreto dreigen toe te brengen aan de vennoot- xxxxx. In ieder geval kan uit de door Xxxx genoem- de situatie niet de conclusie xxxxxx getrokken dat art. 2:342 BW zo moet xxxxxx uitgelegd dat han- delingen xxx xxxxxx met een contractuele instruc- tie- bevoegdheid – zoals in dit geval de Junior Lenders – zonder meer aan de pandhouder zouden moeten xxxxxx toegerekend. Ook voor xx xxxxxxxx dat de Junior Lenders voor de toepassing van art. 2:342 BW als pandhouders moeten xxxxxx be- schouwd, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earthbestaat geen grond. No neutrino candidates were found De conclusie luidt dat de onderhavige gedragingen, ieder afzonderlijk beschouwd maar ook in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018samen- hang bezien, geen aanleiding zijn RBS haar stem- recht te ontnemen op de voet van art. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–2:342 BW.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal iEditors: Extending iTask with Interactive Plug-ins Xxx Xxxxxx Jansen1, Rinus Plasmeijer2, and Pieter Koopman2 1 Faculty of Cosmology Military Sciences, Netherlands Defence Academy, Den Helder, the Netherlands 2 Institute for Computing and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Information Sciences (ICIS), Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands xx.xxxxxx.04@xxxx.xx, {xxxxx,xxxxxx}@xx.xx.xx Abstract. The iTask library of Clean enables the user to specify web- enabled workflow systems on a high level of abstraction. Details like client-server communication, storage and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing retrieval of state information, HTML generation, and web form handling are all handled automatically. Using only standard HTML web browser elements also has a disadvan- tage: it does not offer the origin same level of ultrainteraction as we are used to from desktop applications. Browser plug-highins can fill this gap. They make it possible to extend web-energy cosmic rays applications with neutrinos interactive functionality like the making of drawings. In this paper we explain how plug-ins can be nicely integrated in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 AbstractiTask system. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array A special feature of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatoryintegra- tion is the possibility for a plug-in to use Clean functions as call-back mechanism for the handling of events. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in These call-backs can be handled on the atmosphere at large zenith angles, server as well as for Earthon the client. As a result we are now able to cre- ate interactive iTask applications (iEditors) using plug-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to ins like graphical editors. Although complicated, distributed multi-user applications can be created in this way, reasoning about the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to program remains easy since all code is generated from one and the diffuse flux of ultra-same source: the high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum level iTask specification in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–Clean.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing PDF hosted at the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array Radboud Repository of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx ObservatoryRadboud University Nijmegen The following full text is an author's version which may differ from the publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. xxxx://xxx.xxxxxx.xxx/2066/46046 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2019-02-17 and may be subject to change. Taking Economics to Bed: An Essay about the Pitfalls and Possibilities for Cultural Economics Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx, University of Nijmegen October 2005 Abstract: Culture as a topic in economics is currently experiencing a come-back. On the wings of the new institutionalism, there has been increasing attention to the role of culture in explaining economic phenomena. However, it is argued that culture lacks a clear definition, and that the theoretical underpinnings of the current attempts to re-introduce culture into economics are weak. This paper will discuss the problems and possibilities of such integration. Starting point is a historical discussion of the reasons why culture does not already play a role in economics. Once we have thus grasped the problem to its fullest, it is argued that there are three main routes for bringing culture into economics. The identification first route is efficiently performed for neutrinos through preferences, which the paper holds to be possible but not very illuminating theoretically; the second is through constraints, which seems more promising but suffers from several theoretical failings; and the third is as complementary deviation from the economic model. On basis of all flavors interacting a conceptual discussion of what culture means in economics, it is argued that the atmosphere at large zenith anglesthird route, in spite of possible appearances, actually has the most potential. However, this project does require a move towards a more reflexive methodology. This implies a questioning of definitions of economy and culture, instead of deductive reasoning on basis of pre-given definitions, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative neoclassical theory is wont to do. A ‘new cultural economics’, in order to be successful, would end up discussing the Earthfield of economics itself, questioning divisions that have set it apart from the other social sciences. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years Mailing Address: Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx, Nijmegen School of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. Management, University of Nijmegen, PO Box 9108, 6500 HK Nijmegen, The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–Netherlands; x.xxxxxxxx@xx.xx.xx.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at Katholieke Universiteit on July 11, 2019 Accepted September 52012 Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at Katholieke Universiteit on July 11, 2019 Published October 82012 Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at Katholieke Universiteit on July 11, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere 2012 Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at large zenith anglesKatholieke Universiteit on July 11, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds 2012 Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at Katholieke Universiteit on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–July 11, 2012 Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at Katholieke Universiteit on July 11, 2012 Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at Katholieke Universiteit on July 11, 2012 Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at Katholieke Universiteit on July 11, 2012 Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at Katholieke Universiteit on July 11, 2012 Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at Katholieke Universiteit on July 11, 2012 Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at Katholieke Universiteit on July 11, 2012 Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at Katholieke Universiteit on July 11, 2012 Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at Katholieke Universiteit on July 11, 2012 Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at Katholieke Universiteit on July 11, 2012 Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at Katholieke Universiteit on July 11, 2012 Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at Katholieke Universiteit on July 11, 2012 Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at Katholieke Universiteit on July 11, 2012 Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at Katholieke Universiteit on July 11, 2012 Downloaded from xxxx://xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/ at Katholieke Universiteit on July 11, 2012

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics Search for correlations between the arrival directions of IceCube neutrino events and ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays detected by the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory and the Telescope Array To cite this article: The IceCube, Xxxxxx Xxxxx and Telescope Array collaborations JCAP01(2016)037 View the article online for updates and enhancements. You may also like - CONSTRAINING THE EMISSIVITY OF ULTRAHIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS IN THE DISTANT UNIVERSE WITH THE DIFFUSE GAMMA-RAY EMISSION Xxxxx-Xx Xxxx, Xxx-Xx Xxx and Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx - Constraining Low-luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts as Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Ray Sources Using GRB 060218 as a Proxy Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxx et al. - A New View on Auger Data and Cosmogenic Neutrinos in Light of Different Nuclear Disintegration and Air-shower Models Xxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx et al. This content was downloaded from IP address 145.107.18.53 on 06/09/2022 at 10:48 J ournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing JCAP01(2016)037 Search for correlations between the origin arrival directions of ultra-highIceCube neutrino events and ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using detected by the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory and the Telescope Array The IceCube, Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration and Telescope Array collaborations E-mail: xxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxxxxx.xxxx.xxx, auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx, XxxxxxxxxXxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxxxx.xxxx.xxx Received June 19December 1, 2019 2015 Accepted September 5December 20, 2019 2015 Published October 8January 20, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–2016

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos Psychophysiology, 40 (2003), 60–68. Xxxxxxxxx Publishing Inc. Printed in the EeV energy range using USA. Copyright Ⓒ 2003 Society for Psychophysiological Research Auditory event-related potentials in humans and rats: Effects of task manipulation XXXX XXXXXXX, J. H. R. XXXX, XXXXXX XXX LUIJTELAAR, XXXXXXXX X. X. XXXXXXXXX, MARIJTJE X. X. XXXXXXX, AND XXXXXXXXXX X. XXX XXXX Nijmegen Institute of Cognition and Information/Department of Biological Psychology, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare components of the rat and human auditory event-related potential (ERP) as generated in active oddball and passive single-stimulus tasks. The rats were trained to discriminate between target and standard stimuli in an oddball task, whereas the human subjects received instructions. Task effects on various ERP components were found in both species. Interestingly, effects on the P3 component were similar in the species with regard to amplitude: Target stimuli elicited a higher amplitude in the oddball task than did standard stimuli. This might indicate that the P3 shares the same characteristics between species. However, the first four components occurred 1.82 times earlier in rats than in humans, expecting a P3 of about 200 ms in rats. The P3 in rats appeared at 380 ms. We conclude that either the relation between human and rat peak latencies is not linear, or the P3 in rats is not the equivalent of the human P3. Descriptors: Auditory event-related potential, P3, Oddball task, Human, Rat Event-related potentials (ERPs) are averaged electroencephalo- graphical potentials triggered by, and time-locked to, sensory stimuli (Na¨ a¨ ta¨ nen, 1990). These potentials consist of various components that are either defined by polarity and order of occurrence (e.g., N2 is the second negative component), or by polarity and latency (e.g., P300 is a positive component approximately 300 ms after stimulus onset). ERPs can be used to study information processes. Numerous ERP studies have been performed in humans, often in a so-called oddball paradigm. Frequently occurring standard stimuli are interspersed with infrequently occurring target stimuli, and subjects are instructed to count targets or to press a button after the presentation of the target stimulus. Both the N1, which is suggested to be involved in attention processes (Garcı´a-Larrea, Xxxxxxxxxxx, & Xxxxxxx` re, 1992; Na¨ a¨ ta¨ nen, 1990), and the P3, which is involved in stimulus evaluation (Xxxxxxx, 1981), usually have a larger amplitude for target than for standard stimuli (Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx, & Xxxxxxxxx, 1987; Xxxxx & Xxxxxx, 2000; Xxxxxxxxx et al., 1996). The latencies of the N1 and P3 are generally longer at target in comparison to standard stimuli or to stimuli in a passive paradigm requiring no response (Xxxxxx & Xxxxxxx, 1990; Xxxxxxx & Xxxxxx, 1997). In addition, ERP studies have been performed in nonhuman species (Molna´ r, 1994). Monkeys (Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, & Xxxxx-Xxxxxxx, 1986; Xxxxxx, XxXxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx, & Xxxx, 1992), cats (Bas,xx-Xxxxxx, Xxx,ar, & Xxxxxxxxx, 1991; Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, Xxxx, Xxxxx, & Xxxxxxx, 1988), and xxxxxxx (Xxxx, Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxxx, & Xxxxxxxxx, 1998) all show a component in the cortical EEG that resembles the human P3 with respect to latency. Although a component (250–500 ms) that is somewhat similar to the human P3 with respect to latency has also been found in rats (Brankacˇ k, Xxxxxxxxxxxx, & Mu¨ ller- Ga¨ rtner, 1996; Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxx, & Xxxxx, 1994; Xxxxxxx, Xxxxx, & Xxxxxxxxxxx, 1987; Xxxx, Xxxxxxxx, & Xxxxxx, 1995; Xxxxxx, 1999), others proposed that an earlier component (220–240 ms) might be considered as the equivalent of the P3 in the rat (Galicia et al., 2000; Xxxxxxxxx, Globus, & Xxxxxx, 1993). Latency alone however is not sufficient for suggesting equivalence of the P3 between rats and humans. Besides latencies, there are other uncertainties with respect to the P3 in rats. Much less work has been performed in rats than in humans. Its sensitivity to task manipulations is hardly described, and the earlier components preceding a P3 are not always reported Xxxxxx xxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxx-Xxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxx-xxx Xxxx, Francien van de Pol, and Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxx are thanked for their (bio)technical support. Prof. dr. A. M. L. Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration is greatly acknowledged for making this study possible. Address reprint requests to: X. X. xxx Xxxx, MD, PhD, NICI/ University of Nijmegen, Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 0, Xxxxxxx 0000, 0000 XX Xxxxxxxx, Xxx Xxxxxxxxxxx. E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19xxxx@xxxx.xxx.xx. (Xxxxxxxˇ k et al., 2019 Accepted September 51996; Xxxxxxx et al., 2019 Published October 81987; Xxxx et al., 2019 Abstract1995). Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with This is important because amplitudes of earlier components might influence the Surface Detec- tor Array amplitude of the P3. A final point to bear in mind is the expected latency of components. As noted, some authors suggest that the latency of the P3 is the same in rats and humans (Brankacˇ k et al., 60 1996; Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatoryet al., 1994; Xxxxxx, 1999). However, the brain of rats is much smaller than that of humans. Therefore the conduction of a signal is faster, which should result in shorter latencies of components in rats compared to humans. This might imply that the P3 in rats, as found in some earlier studies, might not be the equivalent of the human P3 (Jodo et al., 1995; Xxxxxx, 1997; Xxxxxxxxx et al., 1993), but merely a reflection of some other late cognitive process. Direct comparisons between the human and rat ERP were not made until now, although comparative studies form the basis for the search for the nonhuman equivalent of the human ERP, particularly the P3. These studies are important, as such research may constitute a necessary basis for the establishment of neurophysiological substrata of cognitive processes. ERPs, as obtained in different species with an oddball paradigm, can be compared on similarities and differences in, for example, topographical localization, influence of task manipulation, and effects of drugs. One may have an argument for their equivalence if the components of the ERP in different species react in the same way in those species. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos present experiments assess the effects of all flavors interacting in task manipula- tion on the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years ERP of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their fluxhumans and rats. The 90% C.L. singlesubjects first received auditory target and standard stimuli in an active oddball task, and, subsequently, auditory stimuli in a passive single stimulus paradigm. Methods The present experiment was part of a larger study performed at the University of Nijmegen. The effects of a drug on the ERP were investigated in a double-flavor limit to blind, placebo-controlled study in humans. In rats, silastic implants were used. Only the diffuse flux data of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–placebo groups will be reported here. Subjects

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal & Coupling Reactions Mechanistic Study of Cosmology Pd/NHC-Catalyzed Sonogashira Reaction: Discovery of NHC-Ethynyl Coupling Process Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxx+,[a, b] Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx+,[a] Xxxxxxxxx Xx. Xxxxxxxxxxxx,[a] Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx,[a] Xxxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx,[a] Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxx,[c] Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx,[d] Xxxx Xxxxxx,[d] Xxx Xxxxxx,[d] Xxxx Xxxxxxx#,[c] and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin Xxxxxxxxx X. Ananikov*[a] Abstract: The product of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos a revealed transformation—NHC- ethynyl coupling—was observed as a catalyst transformation pathway in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration ESonogashira cross-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19coupling, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatorycatalyzed by Pd/NHC complexes. The identification is efficiently performed 2-ethynylated azolium salt was iso- lated in individual form and fully characterized, including X- ray analysis. A number of possible intermediates of this transformation with common formulae (NHC)nPd(C2Ph) (n = 1,2) were observed and subjected to collision-induced disso- ciation (CID) and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) experiments to elucidate their structure. Measured bond dis- sociation energies (BDEs) and IRMPD spectra were in an ex- cellent agreement with quantum calculations for neutrinos of all flavors interacting coupling product p-complexes with Pd0. Molecular dynamics simula- tions confirmed the observed multiple CID fragmentation pathways. An unconventional methodology to study catalyst evolution suggests the reported transformation to be con- sidered in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as development of new catalytic systems for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–alkyne functionalization reactions.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Older People’s Self-Selected Spaces of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos Encounter in Urban Aging Environments in the EeV energy range using Netherlands Xxxxxx xxx Xxxxx* and Xxxx Xxxxxxx Radboud University Using a narrative methodology involving 216 older people in six urban aging environments in the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory Netherlands, we examined how they use and experience (semi-)public spaces as spaces of encounter, and the meanings they derive from us- ing and experiencing these spaces. The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19research shows that, 2019 Accepted September 5first, 2019 Published October 8older people pre- fer commercial spaces like shopping malls to planned and designed activity spaces in care homes or neighborhood centers. Second, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable older people struggle with the Surface Detec- tor Array transformations that have taken place in urban social life since they were young adults. Third, especially frail older people derive meaning from a more passive ex- perience of urban social life, in an observer role. The findings allow us to contribute to ongoing debates on the shifting boundaries between public and private space, and the moral implications of these shifting boundaries from the perspective of a diverse group of older users. INTRODUCTION Like many other European countries, the Netherlands is graying at a great pace (Xxx Xxxxxxxx and Xxx Xxxxx 2012; PBL 2013). With the baby boom generation reaching retirement age, the consequences of this demographic process become increasingly ap- parent, including the awareness that in the near future larger shares of older people will live independently (i.e., outside of institutional care) for longer periods of time. This, in turn, will have consequences for—among others—housing markets (PBL 2013), the spa- tial organization of housing, care, and welfare (Xx Xxx et al. 2012; Xxxxxx and Xxxxxxx 2013), and the possible role of citizen initiatives (Stavenuiter et al. 2010; Xxx Xxxx 2015). In the international geography literature, Xxxxxx (1990, 24) ascertained a lacking un- derstanding of geographical issues in social gerontology, including older people’s pref- erences, attitudes, and circumstances and how society should respond to those. More than 25 years later, this deficiency has been addressed in conceptual publications us- ing a variety of research perspectives (e.g., Hopkins and Pain 2007; Peace et al. 2011; Xxxxxxxx et al. 2012; Xxxxxx and Xxxxxxx 2013) and case studies on the aging experi- ences of diverse groups older people in a variety of spatial settings (e.g., Xxxx et al. 2000; Lager et al. 2013; Xxx Xxxx et al. 2015; Xxxxˇxxxxx´ and Xx´xxxxxx´ 2015). Much research has focused on older people in outdoor environments and public space, for example their ∗Correspondence should be addressed to Xxxxxx xxx Xxxxx, Institute for Management Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9108, 6500 HK Nijmegen, the Netherlands; x.xxxxxxxx@xx.xx.xx. City & Community 16:3 September 2017 doi: 10.1111/cico.12246 ∗C 2017 American Sociological Association, 0000 X Xxxxxx XX, Xxxxxxxxxx, XX 00000 walking behavior (e.g., Xxxxxx et al. 2002; Xxxxx et al. 2007; Xxxxxxxxx 2010; Xxxxxxxx 2013) and the influence of neighborhood attributes on physical activity (e.g., Xxxxxxxx et al. 2009; Xxxxxxxx et al. 2012). The results show that the presence of obstacles, slip- pery surfaces, or large crossroads can hinder the use of public space, while walking sticks and two-wheelers can enhance feelings of confidence (Xxxxxxxx et al. 2012) and land- marks, distinctive buildings, and clearly marked signage can help navigating in unfamiliar environments (Xxxxxxxx et al. 2013). However, much of this body of knowledge on the re- lationship between the physical environment and older people relies on “standardized measures without an understanding of the behaviors, perceptions and meanings of space and place” (Xxxxxxxx et al. 2013, 114). In line with the edited collection of Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatoryand Xxxxxxx (2013), our research adds precisely that: insight in the spaces that older people prefer and actually use to meet others, and in the way they experience and derive meaning from these spaces. It is based upon (predominantly) qualitative research in six urban aging environments in the Netherlands, or so-called Integrated Service Areas (ISAs). To support “aging-in-place” (AIP), about a hundred of these ISAs were developed in Dutch cities and villages over the last decade (Singelenberg and Xxx Xxxxxx 2009). Importantly, we did not ask ques- tions about specific, preselected public spaces but had 216 older people describe an or- dinary day in their lives (see Methods section). These narrative interviews were scanned for references to places that have meaning to these people, and to what extent these self- selected places encompass or overlap with planned or “vernacular” spaces and activities specifically designed for older people (Xxxx and Xxxxxx 2011). As such, our approach al- lowed us to assess the relative importance of public space vis-a`-vis other issues relevant to older people through a combination of a large sample size and the richness of in-depth interviews. After the following literature review on the use, experience, and meaning of public space in relation to older users, we introduce the concepts of AIP in ISAs in some more detail. Subsequently, we continue with a more elaborate description of the methods em- ployed. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in paper then proceeds by presenting the atmosphere at large zenith angles, most important research results as well as aligning these with ideas from other research to better understand and reflect on these results. The paper concludes with a discussion on how the research results speak to ongoing debates about public versus private space from the perspective of older users. OLDER PEOPLE IN PUBLIC SPACE DIVERSITY, INTERACTION, AND MEANING It is long acknowledged that public space can play an important role for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative the social life of cities (e.g., Xxxxx 1980; Xxxxxxx 1998, 2000; Xxxxxx 2006; Xxxxxxx et al. 2008). Al- though there are multiple and sometimes even contradictory conceptualizations of pub- lic space (Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxx 2007; Peace 2013), it is often defined as a range of places where people from different backgrounds in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, and class can congregate, meet, and learn from each other. As such, public space has an important social function implying “encounters between strangers, people outside the life of fam- ily and close friends and within the region of diverse, complex social groups” (Xxxxxxx 2006 in Spierings et al. 2016, p. 151). Consequently, these encounters can result in the development of new insights, social ties, and tolerance (Xxxxxxx 1978; Xxxxxxx 2000; Xxxxxxx et al. 2008; Silver 2014). It is here where diversity and differences are “celebrated” but also “negotiated” (Xxxxxx 2006; Xxxxxxxxx 2008), sometimes leading to conflicts due to the Earth“rubbing along” of different users and behaviors (Xxxxxx 2006; Xxxxxxxx 2014). No neutrino candidates were found Even though the intensity of interaction between different users of public space can be rather “fleeting” (Xxxxxxx 1998) or “unfocused” (Xxxxxxx 1963)—as Xxxxxxxxx et al. (2016) recently demonstrated for a Dutch plaza in ∼ 14.7 years Rotterdam—these encounters can still be meaningful, if anything because they are the most common encounters in public by sheer volume. Moreover, also without direct interaction the presence of data taken up others can lead to 31 August 2018distraction and livelihood, with people-watching being a frequently reported activity in public space (Xxxxx 1980). While the benefits of urban encounters in public space apply to all city dwellers, they might be even more important for older people, who due to changes in their social life (e.g., death of a partner or friends) or personal health can experience decreased mobility and loneliness (Xxxxxxx et al. 2005). Xxxxx et al. (2007, 2042) stated that “especially main- taining the social relations of older people and their communication with other people can only be possible by using the urban common living environments like public open spaces together with the other citizens.” To know people and to be known by them can provide feelings of safety, belonging, and place attachment (Xxxxxxxx et al. 2009; Xxxxx et al. 2013; Xxxxˇxxxxx´ and Xx´xxxxxx´ 2015). In a similar vein, the use of common green spaces in living environments has been associated with social contact (Xxxx et al. 2009) and neighborhood ties and sense of community (Xxxxx et al. 1998). Consequently, we expect older people not only to use and perceive public spaces in a certain way, but also that these spaces are meaningful to them—and become personalized places rather than abstract spaces. As Xxxxxx and Xxxxxxx (2013, 9) indicated, meaning is a process that involves transforming what is at the outset a sterile and meaningless piece of ge- ographic space, for example an empty apartment, into a place that has personal meaning in the context of our ongoing life. In the process, we are engaged in con- verting something that is neutral and often alien into something that is a meaning- ful expression of our identity. This leads is not a trivial pursuit, because it is a process that provides a sense of familiarity, centering, security, ownership, control, territoriality, comfort, display, and identity. Following Xxxxxxxxx (2010), we specifically look at the meaning of public space, since this aspect is what actually makes public space public, more so than political-economic factors such as ownership and administration. While the latter can be contested, “public space is public because we, as a public, have accepted that the space legitimately repre- sents our collective interests and/or identity” (Xxxxxxxxx 2010, 5). We investigate how this applies to older people in ISAs. PRIVATIZATION AND PAROCHIALISM Concurrent with the above-sketched image of public space as meaningful, socially open and accessible space where meeting and interaction occurs, a number of other authors have expressed their concerns about public space being eroded and hence under threat. They paint a rather critical picture of modern urban life; one that is characterized by capitalist urban development, privatization, consumerism, restrictive upper bounds on their fluxsecurity measures, and social exclusion (e.g., Xxxxxx 1989; Xxxxxx 1992; Xxxxxxxx 1995; Xxxx 2004; Xxxxxxx 2009; Xxxxxxxx 2014; for an overview of critiques, see Xxxxxxx 2015). The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit Their principal concern is fear of the encroaching “private” as a result of neoliberal urban planning (Xxxxxx 1989; Silver 2014). Some argue that public space is rapidly becoming the domain of corporate, globalized capital (Xxxxxxxx 1995), while others observed that public spaces are being appropriated by the affluent (Madden 2010) or more broadly by “consumer society” (Zukin 1995, 2010), ultimately leading to the diffuse flux exclusion and marginalization of ultracertain user groups (Xxxxxxxx 2014) and a more homogenous city. In addition to these more “structural” developments, public space can also become socially homogenous due to individual “agency.” While some people may very well be comfortable when being among strangers, “others may be much more hesitant to have encounters with difference and consider them unwanted, are afraid of the unknown and may even perceive a socioculturally diverse public space as a threatening and dangerous” (Xxxxxxxxx et al. 2016, 152). As a result, they adopt precautionary practices, such as avoid- ing certain people or places. Often particular user groups claim public space as their own, where they go to meet the people they want to meet and shun those they do not want to see. While this appropriation of one group (e.g., young immigrant men) might facilitate feelings of comfort and safety among its members, it might limit others (e.g., older indigenous people) from accessing public space (e.g., Mu¨ ller and Xxxxxxx 2015), which Xxxxxxx (1998) denoted as parochialism. For older people, the potential downsides of encountering difference in public space are equally relevant. Research has shown that older people are more fearful in public space than young people (Xxxxxxx and Xx Xxxx 2004), while the latter are more often vic- xxxx of criminal offences (Pain 2003). Older people are more likely to communicate to the police than other age groups about frightful situations (Peace 2013). Yet, retreating into more socially homogenous environments is not only a matter of fear. Being among “equals” or “peers” has revitalizing effects and can enhance “active aging,” as has been observed in several retirement communities (Xxxxxxxxx 2010), because “these are places where everybody is old so nobody is old” (XxXxxx 2007, 296). Other “spaces of associ- ation” (Xxxx 2002, 969), such as sports and leisure clubs, could also xxxxxx meaningful encounters, because people can build social ties on the basis of regular encounters and shared interests. Yet, these so-highcalled “micro-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum publics” (ibid.) often serve as parochial do- mains, too. For example, research on older people’s leisure clubs showed that sustained participation in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–these spaces offers ways to link past and present identities and interests, yet they target fairly homogeneous audiences and xxxxxx in-group ties only (Pain et al. 2000).

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Multi-resolution anisotropy studies of ultrahigh- Observatory To cite this article: X. Xxx et al JCAP06(2017)026 View the article online for updates and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultraenhancements. You may also like - ATLAS data quality operations and performance for 2015–2018 data-high-taking energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using detected at the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The X. Xxx, X. Xxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstractet al. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with - Impact of atmospheric effects on the Surface Detec- tor Array energy reconstruction of air showers observed by the surface detectors of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Hyperconjugation International Edition: DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609437 German Edition: DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609437 Low-Frequency CH Stretch Vibrations of Cosmology Free Alkoxide Ions Xxx Xxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxx, and Astroparticle Physics An IOP Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx* Abstract: CH stretches in hydrocarbon cations often shift to lower frequencies relative to neutral molecules, because they do not have sufficient electrons to give every bond an electron pair. A parallel effect in negatively charged species has not been previously observed. Here we show that XX xxxx weakening occurs in alkoxide anions as a consequence of hyperconjuga- tion. The reasoning differs somewhat from the case of positively charged ions, but the net effect is the same: to lower CH stretching frequencies by hundreds of wavenumbers. Many introductory texts begin the discussion of molecular vibrations by treating the elongation and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing contraction of CH bonds. CH stretches tend to couple to only a slight extent with : motions of other atoms besides carbon and hydrogen, and few other vibrations overlap the origin CH stretch region. Because nitrogen and oxygen bind more strongly to hydrogen than does carbon (and other elements bind more loosely), the low mass of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array hydrogen causes excitation of CH stretches to occupy a distinctive domain of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatoryelectromagnetic spectrum, 3040 cm@1 11 % for an uncharged molecule. Here we describe experiments, which demonstrate that adding electric charge (in anions) has the same effect as removing electron density (in cations): to lower CH stretching frequencies by hundreds of wavenumbers. Removing electron density diminishes bond strengths. CH stretches occur at lower frequencies in positively charged ions such as protonated methane,[1] protonated ethylene,[2] pro- tonated acetylene,[3] or the radical cations of hydrocarbons, alcohols, and ethers.[4] For instance, in gaseous CH5+, whose lowest CH stretch occurs near 2500 cm@1,8 valence electrons have to form 5 bonds, if all bonds become equivalent. In these cations fewer than 2 electrons are available for each bond, rendering CH bonds weaker than in neutrals. We present data to reveal that in isolated, negatively charged alkoxide ions the charged oxygen tends to donate electron density to the adjacent carbon to form a partial C=O linkage, causing that carbon atomQs bond to hydrogen to weaken. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos net result of all flavors interacting increased electron density in anions lowers the atmosphere at large zenith anglesa-CH stretch fundamentals in these cases, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up an extent comparable to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–the

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing Instrumentation Antennas for the origin detection of ultraradio emission pulses from cosmic-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using ray induced air showers at the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx To cite this article: X Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstractet al 2012 JINST 7 P10011 View the article online for updates and enhancements. Neutrinos You may also like - Test beam demonstration of silicon microstrip modules with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with transverse momentum discrimination for the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–future CMS tracking detector

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing Search for photons with energies above 1018 eV using the origin hybrid detector of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The To cite this article: A. Xxx et al JCAP04(2017)009 You may also like - ATLAS data quality operations and performance for 2015–2018 data-taking G. Xxx, X. Abbott, X.X. Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstractet al. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with - Impact of atmospheric effects on the Surface Detec- tor Array energy reconstruction of air showers observed by the surface detectors of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal DOI 10.1007/s00253-014-5766-8 MINI-REVIEW PQQ-dependent methanol dehydrogenases: rare-earth elements make a difference Xxx X. Keltjens • Arjan Pol • Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx • Huub X. X. Op den Camp Received: 11 February 2014 / Revised: 7 April 2014 / Accepted: 8 April 2014 / Published online: 13 May 2014 Ⓒ Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Abstract Methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) catalyzes the first step in methanol use by methylotrophic bacteria and the second step in methane conversion by methanotrophs. Gram-negative bacteria possess an MDH with pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as its catalytic center. This MDH belongs to the broad class of Cosmology eight-bladed β propeller quinoproteins, which comprise a range of other alcohol and Astroparticle Physics An IOP aldehyde dehydrogenases. A well-investigated MDH is the heterotetrameric MxaFI-MDH, which is composed of two large catalytic subunits (MxaF) and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing two small subunits (MxaI). MxaFI-MDHs bind calcium as a cofactor that assists PQQ in catalysis. Genomic analyses indicated the origin existence of ultraanother MDH distantly related to the MxaFI-highMDHs. Recently, several of these so-called XoxF-MDHs have been isolated. XoxF-MDHs described thus far are homodimeric proteins lacking the small subunit and possess a rare-earth element (REE) instead of calcium. The presence of such REE may confer XoxF-MDHs a superior catalytic efficiency. Moreover, XoxF-MDHs are able to oxidize methanol to for- mate, rather than to formaldehyde as MxaFI-MDHs do. While structures of MxaFI- and XoxF-MDH are conserved, also regarding the binding of PQQ, the accommodation of a REE requires the presence of a specific aspartate residue near the catalytic site. XoxF-MDHs containing such REE-binding mo- tif are abundantly present in genomes of methylotrophic and methanotrophic microorganisms and also in organisms that hitherto are not known for such lifestyle. Moreover, sequence analyses suggest that XoxF-MDHs represent only a small part of putative REE-containing quinoproteins, together covering an unexploited potential of metabolic functions. Keywords Methanol dehydrogenase . Alcohol dehydrogenase . Pyrroloquinoline quinone . Rare-earth elements . Methylotrophy . Methanotrophy Introduction Methanol serves as the carbon and energy cosmic rays source for a large variety of obligate and facultative methylotrophic microorgan- isms. Phototrophic prokaryotes may use methanol as the electron donor for anoxygenic photosynthesis and respiration (Xxxxxx and Xxxxxxx 1975; Xxxx et al. 1976). Plants excrete methanol from their root systems and leaves (Xxxx and Xxxxxx 1996; Xx et al. 2005; Abanda-Nkpwatt et al. 2006). Here, methylotrophs are particularly abundant as plant pathogens and nitrogen-fixing symbionts (Xxxxxxx 2012). They even assist in plant development by providing plants with neutrinos pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) (Xxxx et al. 2008). Next, methanol is, after methane, the second most abundant organic compound in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19atmosphere, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting and methanol deposited in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos ocean surface provides marine microbes with an Eν−2 spectrum important carbon and energy source (Yang et al. 2013). In addition to being a primary substrate, methanol is the first intermediate in methane oxidation in methanotrophs that thrive on the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–oxygen-dependent oxidation of methane, a common end prod- Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00253-014-5766-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing Observation of inclined EeV air showers with the origin radio detector of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration ETo cite this article: X. Xxx et al JCAP10(2018)026 View the article online for updates and enhancements. You may also like - Limits on point-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos like sources of ultra-high- energy neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal of Cosmology Published on 05 January 2018. Downloaded by Radboud University Nijmegen on 2/21/2020 3:54:43 PM. PCCP PAPER View Article Online View Journal | View Issue Cite this: Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 4067 Received 28th November 2017, Accepted 5th January 2018 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07975c xxx.xx/xxxx Guanidinium/ammonium competition and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos proton transfer in the EeV energy range using interaction of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable amino acid arginine with the Surface Detec- tor Array tetracarboxylic 18-crown-6 ionophore† Xxxx Xxxx´n Xxxxx´s-Xxxxxx, a Xxxx Xxxxxx, b Xxx Xxxxxx b and Xxxxx Mart´xxxx-Xxxx *a 3 The recognition of arginine plays a central role in modern proteomics and genomics. Arginine is unique among natural amino acids due to the high basicity of its guanidinium side chain, which sustains specific interactions and proton exchange biochemical processes. The search for suitable macrocyclic iono- phores constitutes a promising route towards the development of arginine receptors. This study evaluates the conformational features involved in the binding of free arginine by the polyether macrocycle (18-crown-6)-tetracarboxylic acid. Infrared action vibrational spectroscopy and quantum- chemical computations are combined to characterize the complexes with net charges +1 and +2. The spectrum of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory+1 complex can be explained in terms of a configuration predominantly stabilized by a robust bidentate coordination of guanidinium with a carboxylate group formed from the deprotonation of one side group of the crown ether. The identification released proton is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative transferred to the Earthamino terminus of arginine, which then coordinates with the crown ether ring. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years In an alternative type of data taken up to 31 August 2018conformation, partly consistent with experiment, the amino terminus is neutral and the guanidinium group inserts into the crown ether cavity. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to In the diffuse flux +2 complexes, arginine is always doubly protonated and the most stable conformations are characterized by a tripodal coordination of ultra-high-energy neutrinos the ammonium –NH + group of arginine with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–oxygen atoms of the macrocycle ring, while the interactions of the amino acid with the side carboxylic acid groups of the crown ether acquire a remarkable lesser role.

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing Instrumentation PAPER Extraction of the origin muon signals recorded with the surface detector of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory using recurrent neural networks To cite this article: The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration et al 2021 JINST 16 P07016 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 195.169.223.105 on 09/08/2021 at 08:16 PUblisнeD by IOP PUblisнing roR Sissa MeDialab ReceiveD: December 21, 2020 AccepteD: March 19, 2021 PUblisнeD: July 12, 2021 2021 Extraction of the muon signals recorded with the surface detector of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory using recurrent neural networks The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19xxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx JINST P07016 AbstRact: The Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory, 2019 Accepted September 5at present the largest cosmic-ray observatory ever built, 2019 Published October 8is instrumented with a ground array of 1600 water-Cherenkov detectors, 2019 Abstractknown as the Surface Detector (SD). Neutrinos The SD samples the secondary particle content (mostly photons, electrons, positrons and muons) of extensive air showers initiated by cosmic rays with energies above ranging from 1017 eV are detectable up to more than 1020 eV. Measuring the independent contribution of the muon component to the total registered signal is crucial to enhance the capability of the Observatory to estimate the mass of the cosmic rays on an event-by-event basis. However, with the Surface Detec- tor Array current design of the SD, it is difficult to straightforwardly separate the contributions of muons to the SD time traces from those of photons, electrons and positrons. In this paper, we present a method aimed at extracting the muon component of the time traces registered with each individual detector of the SD using Recurrent Neural Networks. We derive the performances of the method by training the neural network on simulations, in which the muon and the electromagnetic components of the traces are known. We conclude this work showing the performance of this method on experimental data of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed We find that our predictions agree with the parameterizations obtained by the AGASA collaboration to describe the lateral distributions of the electromagnetic and muonic components of extensive air showers. KeywoRDs: Analysis and statistical methods; Cherenkov detectors; Large detector systems for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith anglesparticle and astroparticle physics; Pattern recognition, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods ⃝c 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab xxxxx://xxx.xxx/10.1088/1748-0221/16/07/P07016 Contents

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal TAKING STOCK OF PIS 161 Taking stock of Cosmology PIs: The What, Why and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing How Private Initiatives in Development Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxx & Xxx Xxxxxxxx Over the origin past five years, private initiatives (PIs) have slowly become part of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos the system of development cooperation in the EeV energy range using Netherlands, and recognised as such. This is shown by, among other things, their involvement in the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration Epolicy dialogue between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and Dutch civil society in 2008 and in the foundation of their own branch organisation (Xxxxxx). Being recognised as a player in the wider field of development cooperation implies that PIs have also become part of the discussion on development cooperation and are themselves under discussion. As is quite often the case in the field of development cooperation, the discussion of PIs is not always based on facts. This is partly understandable given that a lot is still unknown about these actors in development. As a consequence, there is still dis- agreement about what PIs exactly are, what they do and how effective they are. Final answers to such questions cannot yet be given (and perhaps never will). In the mean- time, however, it is possible to do more than just follow our gut feelings. In 2005, the Centre for International Development Issues (CIDIN) published the first study containing an initial profile of PIs (Brok & Xxxxxxxxx, 2005). This was soon followed by others. In the period 2005-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 192009, 2019 Accepted September 5about 35 such PI studies appeared in the Netherlands (e.g. scientific studies, 2019 Published October 8Master’s theses, 2019 Abstractevaluation studies, etc.). Neutrinos These studies involved the participation of more than 2,500 PIs via in-depth inter- views, focus discussions and surveys. Not only the PIs themselves were subject of these investigations, but also the projects and the Southern partners they supported. Fieldwork was carried out in the Netherlands, Ghana, Tanzania, Indonesia, Suriname, India, Gambia, Uganda, Ethiopia, South-Africa, Malawi, Kenya and Sri Lanka. Content-wise, these studies focus on a diversity of matters ranging from coopera- tion between PIs and their partners, the effectiveness and sustainability of their pro- jects in developing countries, and their public support activities in the Netherlands. Besides this, researchers investigate how the projects are evaluated and how PIs learn and report. In May 2008, XXXXX decided to proceed with energies above 1017 eV are detectable a first large-scale and in- depth (PhD) study into PIs as development actors. During the first two years of this study, a large scale and in-depth mapping of PIs took place with the Surface Detec- tor Array use of an online survey completed by 893 Dutch PIs. The first part of this research aimed at identifying features of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatoryorganisations and the volunteers and getting a better understanding of the rise of PIs in the Netherlands. These studies open up ‘the world of the PI’. Of course, rather than providing any definitive answers they tend to be an initial exploration and one that is not only neces- sary for further studies but also for the structuring of the discussion of the role of PIs in development cooperation. In short, after five years of studies, it is time to take stock and look ahead. That is exactly what this article is intended to do. This article presents a meta-analysis of the results of these studies. We start with a conceptual explanation of PIs in relation to the socialisation of development cooperation and the emergence of new actors. The identification second part presents a general profile of PIs: who is efficiently performed behind them and how do they perceive the causes of and solutions for neutrinos of all flavors interacting the poverty situation in the atmosphere South. The following part deals with two major discussions around PIs. We first look at large zenith anglestheir role in strengthening public support for development cooperation in the Neth- erlands, and then focus in more detail on the development activities of PIs in the ‘South’. In addition to outlining the type of activities they support, this part presents the findings of different studies of effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of PI pov- erty reduction interventions. We end with some concluding words. Private initiatives in perspective n a short time, the term private initiative (PI) has become an established expression in the Dutch field of development cooperation. This does not mean that it is clear what a PI is. Although the term PI is already in use for several years, the CIDIN PhD research is the first to come up with clear cut boundaries. The concept of PI therefore runs the risk of becoming one of many ‘container concepts’ in development jargon. The follow- ing parts show that it is indeed problematic to talk about ‘the PI’. Here, we first posi- tion the PI within the field of development cooperation before proceeding to draw up a (broader) definition. The Dutch development sector Generally speaking, three types of aid channels can be distinguished: multilateral (= aid through multilateral organisations like the UN and World Bank), bilateral (= aid through governments, like the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany) and the civilateral channel (= aid through Non-Governmental Development Agencies such as well Oxfam No- vib and War Child). This distinction is based on the types of organisations that make up the respective channels: governmental (= bilateral), intergovernmental (= multilat- eral) and non-governmental (= civilateral). Although such a distinction says nothing about the nature of the activities executed by the organisations, the type of partnerships they engage in, the amount of money involved or the effectiveness of the organisations we need to recognise that each of these channels is extremely diverse in nature. Moreover, in recent years the diversity is only increasing with the growing number of players within each channel. According to Xxxxxxxxx (2009), these actors have several issues in common, despite their ever- increasing diversity. All three channels consist of officially recognised development agencies that are seen (and see themselves) as professional. Over the years, they have also developed ‘a common, field-specific language; manners; methodologies; instru- ments; values and standards’ (Ibid: 231). Besides that, all have been created with the explicit objective of working in the field of development cooperation and of contribut- ing to poverty reduction and to closing the gap between and within countries. In view of these common characteristics, Develtere (Ibid: 35) adds that this group of traditional development agencies ‘is driven by an urge of self-determination’ and is ‘averse to in- terferences and interpellations by third parties’. As a group, they ‘literally close [their] ranks and become [...] to a certain extent impenetrable’. The consequence is that new, alternative actors are looked at with suspicion. An abundance of new actors seem to be appearing all the time. Apart from the growth and further diversification of multilateral, bilateral and civilateral actors, this is particularly the case for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative an onrush of alternative actors stemming from a process of socialisation (Develtere and Stessens, 2007; Develtere, 2009; Xx Xxxxx and Xxxxx, 2009; Xxxxxxxx, 2007a). Socialisation is defined as the process in which, not always capable, groups within society become active in a field (e.g., development coopera- tion) seen formerly as the exclusive domain of more or less professional groups.1 Al- though such groups or people can, of course, acquire training in development aid, the fact that they are not always professional from the start is an important reason to dis- tinguish them from the traditional actors in bilateral, multilateral and civilateral xxxx- xxxx.2 Besides that, there is also a practical reason for making a distinction between these ‘new actors’ and the three old channels. As indicated, the diversity within and between the traditional channels is not only extensive, it is also growing. This certainly also applies to the Earthcivilateral channel to which the new actors (being mainly non-govern- mental) initially belong. No neutrino candidates were found Expanding this civilateral channel to include new actors would create an ever more obscure entity, almost meaningless as a concept. That is why, in ∼ 14.7 years agreement with Develtere and Stessens (2006) and Xxxxxxxx (2007a), we re- gard these new actors here as belonging to a separate channel which we designate as being the philanteral channel. –––––––––– 1 To begin with socialisation refers to the adoption by social actors of data taken tasks that previously be- longed to the exclusive domain of the government. During similar processes, which occur in all kinds of sectors, both push and pull factors play their part. A government that considers it impor- tant, for ideological and/or economical reasons, for its citizens to assume greater responsibilities in certain tasks, will try to stimulate them (individually or in groups) to actually take up to 31 August 2018these tasks. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their fluxOn the other hand, citizens can demand greater responsibility – for example because they think that the extension of services by the government lacks quality. In the field of development cooperation con- secutive ministers have advocated greater citizen responsibility. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to policy document, in which the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum most recent minister, Xxxx Xxxxxxxx, laid down his priorities in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–2007, is therefore called ‘A matter for us all’.

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All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Effect of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra5-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos HTTLPR polymorphism in the EeV energy range using serotonin transporter gene on major depressive disorder and related comorbid disorders Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxx van der Xxxxx, Xxxxx X.E. Janzinga, Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxx-Xx´xxxxxx,b,c, Xxx X. Xxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx,b Objectives The serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) has been proposed as a candidate gene for major depressive disorder (MDD). Association studies, however, have revealed inconsistent results. This could be because of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory phenotypic heterogeneity of MDD, as it often presents with comorbid disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), alcohol-related disorders, and dysthymia. Methods In this exploratory study, we performed regression analyses with generalized estimating equations in patients with familial MDD (n = 233) in order to explore whether a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) is differentially associated with MDD and a comorbid disorder compared with MDD without that particular comorbidity. As in general, GAD is more common in females and alcohol-related disorders are more common in males, the analyses were stratified for sex. Results Comorbid dysthymia was less common in s-allele carriers with MDD (P < 0.05) than in patients homozygous for the long allele. In the sex-specific analyses, an association between the 5-HTTLPR and comorbid alcohol use disorders was observed in females, with s-carriers reporting significantly less alcohol use disorders. The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration Erelationship with comorbid GAD differed by sex with male s-carriers reporting more comorbid GAD than female s-carriers. Conclusion The effect of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism on MDD is codependent on the presence of comorbid disorders and sex. In this study, the s-allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was associated with significantly lower rates of particular lifetime comorbid disorders. Therefore, the presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders should be taken into account to clarify the association of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with MDD phenotypes. Psychiatr Genet 19:39–44 ◯c 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Xxxxxxxx & Xxxxxxx. Psychiatric Genetics 2009, 19:39–44 Keywords: 5-HTTLPR, alcohol use disorders, comorbidity, depression, familiality, generalized anxiety disorder, serotonin transporter gene, sex aDepartment of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Departments of bHuman Genetics and cEpidemiology and Biostatistics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Correspondence to Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx, PhD, Department of Human Genetics (855), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Post Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands Tel: + 00 (0) 00 0000000; fax: + 00 (0) 00 0000000; e-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx x.xxxxxx@xxxxx.xxxx.xx Received June 1924 April 2008 Revised 25 September 2008 Accepted 4 October 2008 Introduction Family and twin studies have shown that major depressive disorder (MDD) has a familial pattern. Its prevalence is higher in first-degree relatives of MDD patients than in relatives of controls (Xxxxxxxx et al., 2019 Accepted September 2000). The estimated heritability of MDD is 35–40% (Xxxxxxxx et al., 2000; Xxxx et al., 2004). Candidate gene studies trying to identify genetic MDD risk factors have revealed inconsistent results. The most frequently studied gene is the gene encoding the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4, 5-HTT, 2019 Published October 8SERT: Heils et al., 2019 Abstract1996; Xxxxx et al., 1996). Neutrinos The protein product of this gene is the target of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The 5-HTT gene is located on chromosome 17q11.2 and is comprised of 14 exons. An insertion/deletion polymorphism with energies above 1017 eV are detectable a short (s) allele (14 copies of a 20–23 base pair repeat unit) and a long (l) allele (16 copies) has been described in the promoter of the gene (Heils et al., 1996; Xxxxx et al., 1996). This variant, denoted 5-HTTLPR, is a functional polymorphism in which the short allele (s-allele) is associated with lower 5-HTT transcription and function compared with the Surface Detec- tor Array long allele (l-allele) (Xxxxx et al., 1996). This results in lower serotonin reuptake from the synaptic cleft in s-allele carriers compared with patients homozygous for the l-allele (Xxxxxxx et al., 1996). The transcription efficiency influences mood tone, circadian, and neuroendocrine functions such as sleep, appetite, sexual behavior, and motor function (Xxxxx and Xxxxxxx, 1998). These features are often disturbed in depression. Multiple association studies of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with MDD have been performed. Two meta-analyses (Xxxxxxx et al., 1998; Xxxxxxx and Xxxxxxx, 2004) described a small but significant association of s-allele carriership and the s/s genotype with depression. However, in a more recent meta-analysis (Xxxxx-Xx et al., 2005) no significant association was observed between this variant and MDD. 0955-8829 ◯c 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Xxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx & Xxxxxxx DOI: 10.1097/YPG.0b013e3283208061 × × × Besides studies testing the association of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with depression, gene–environment inter- action (G E) studies have been carried out. Xxxxx et al., (2003) were the first to show that s-carriers were more likely to develop depression after stressful life events than individuals homozygous for the l-allele. Since then, it has been suggested that the effects of the 5-HTTLPR may only be observed in the presence of stressful life events. A recent review of the G E studies (Xxxx and XxXxxxxx, 2008) showed that many G E studies replicated the Caspi et al. (2003) findings, though a few did not support the interaction. In addition to the effects of environmental factors, diagnostic diversity and phenotypic heterogeneity in MDD might also contribute to the inconsistency of association results seen for the 5-HTTLPR polymorph- ism. Phenotypic heterogeneity is clearly reflected by the high frequencies of different comorbid disorders present- ing in patients with MDD. Especially generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), several other anxiety disorders, and alcohol use disorders are common in MDD (Xxxxxxx et al., 1996; Xxxxxxx et al., 1998; Xxxxxxxxxx et al., 2005b). Interestingly, for some of these disorders, associations with the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism have also been described (Feinn et al., 2005; Xxxxx et al., 2006; Xxxx et al., 2007). As the association between the 5-HTTLPR and MDD remains controversial, we postulated that taking into account the specific comorbid disorders in the definition of the MDD phenotype for association studies would help to clarify the relationship between the 5- HTTLPR polymorphism and MDD, as clinically (and thus possibly also genetically) more homogeneous study samples are included. Such an approach is warranted, given several reports of familiality of MDD and a specific comorbid disorder, as is for example the case for MDD and GAD (Middeldorp et al., 2005a; Xxxxxxxxxx et al., 2005b), and MDD and alcohol use disorders (Xxxxxxxxxx et al., 1994; Xxxxxxxxxx et al., 2001; Xxxxxxxxxx et al., 2004). In this exploratory study, we stratified the analyses for sex, as prevalences of comorbid disorders (such as anxiety and alcohol use disorders) are known to vary between females and males (Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatoryet al., 1999; Xxxxxxxx et al., 2008). A sample with familial MDD was used because of the higher heritability of this type of MDD. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to evaluate the association between the 5-HTTLPR variant and MDD, while taking comorbid psychiatric disorders into account. Participants and methods Our sample was collected in the context of an ongoing clinical family study into the genetics of MDD that started in 2004 in The Netherlands (GenMood study). The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos study was approved by the Dutch Central Medical Ethics Review Board and Local Ethics Boards. Patients were invited to participate through psychiatric treatment settings and advertisements. Inclusion criteria were (i) European Caucasian ethnicity; (ii) history of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos MDD with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 a first episode between 12 and 50 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. singleage, defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Dis- orders (4th edition); (iii) at least one first-flavor limit to the diffuse flux degree relative with a history of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–MDD (formally diagnosed and treated);

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal DOI: 10.1002/JLB.MR0318-104R R E V I E W Long-term reprogramming of Cosmology the innate immune system Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx-Xxxxxx0 Xxxxx X. Xxxxx0,2,3 Abstract During the last few years, a growing body of evidence has shown that immunological memory is not an exclusive trait of lymphocytes, as many inflammatory insults can alter the functional- ity and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin responsiveness of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos the innate immune system in the EeV energy range using long term. Innate immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and NK cells can be influenced by the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19encoun- ters with inflammatory stimuli, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatoryundergoing functional reprogramming and developing changed responses to subsequent chellenges. The identification is efficiently performed long-term reprogramming depends on the rewiring of cell metabolism and epigenetic processes, and they stay at the basis of induction of both innate immune memory (also termed trained immunity) and innate immune tolerance. Here, we review the central role that the effects of this long-term reprogramming of innate immune cells plays in a number of clinically relevant conditions such as vaccination, atherosclerosis, sepsis, and cancer. KEYWORDS Innate immune system, trained immunity, metabolism, epigenetics, reprogramming, inflammation, vaccination, atherosclerosis, sepsis, cancer 1 Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for neutrinos Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2 Department for Genomics & Immunoregula- tion, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith anglesBonn, as well as Bonn, Germany 3 Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania Correspondence: Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx-Xxxxxx, Department of Inter- nal Medicine and Radboud Center for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the EarthInfectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx 0, 0000XX Xxxxxxxx, xxx Xxxxxxxxxxx. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–Email: xxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxxxxxxxx.xx

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Astron. Nachr. / AN 328, No. 7, 593–624(2007) / DOI 10.1002/asna.200740001 Multi-Messenger Cosmic Particles 55 contributions Chairperson: Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx, Karlsruhe Splinter Meeting A Cosmic Ray Acceleration in Galactic Wind Shocks A 54 GEORG ZWETTLER1 , DIETER BREITSCHWERDT1 1Institut für Astronomie der Universität Wien, Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 00, 0000 Xxxx, Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx@xxxxx.xxxxxx.xx.xx, xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxxx.xxxxxx.xx.xx Galactic Cosmic Rays are observed over a wide range of Cosmology energies from ∼ 109 − 1021eV. The energy spectrum of the particle flux is a powerlaw with an overall spectral index of −2.7 with a steepening at around 1015eV (knee) and Astroparticle Physics An IOP a flattening at ∼ 1018eV (ankle). ∼ Diffusive shock acceleration quite naturally leads to a powerlaw with appropriate spectral index with an energy limit in SNRs at 1015eV, depending on the charge of the particle. Xxxx and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing Xxxxx (2001, MNRAS, 321, 433), for example, reach higher energies by amplifying the origin upstream magnetic fields of SNRs non-linearly, whereas Xxxx and Xxxxxxxxxxxx (2004, A&A, 417, 807) use ’Slipping Interaction Regions’ generated by weak spiral density shocks in galactic winds to circumvent the limitations of SNRs. According to CR clock measurements, energetic particles escape from the galaxy in a few times 107yrs. We therefore consider shock waves in galactic winds as a possible source of energetic particles between the knee and the ankle. If these shocks are strong they can reaccelerate these galactic cosmic rays to significantly higher energies. We discuss a model in which galactic winds are described in a flux tube geometry (Xxxxxxxxxxxxx et al. , 1991, A&A, 245, 79) and reformulate the Fokker-Xxxxxx Equation in these coordinates. Approximate solutions for the particle distribution function, based on singular perturbation analysis, will be discussed. We find that it is possible to reaccelerate particles to energies up to 1018eV. Detection of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays and Neutrinos with LOFAR A 71 XXXXX FALCKE1,2 FOR THE LOFAR COSMIC XXX XXX SCIENCE PROJECT 1Dept. of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University, Nij- xxxxx, The Netherlands 2ASTRON, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands It has been realized in the last couple of years that the new generation of digital radio telescopes, such as LOFAR, offers a unique opportunity to directly observe the impacts of ultra-high-high energy cosmic rays with neutrinos and neutrinos. Brief radio flashes are produced when these particles hit the earth atmosphere or a solid surface such as the ice sheet in Antartica or the lunar regolith. In the former case the emission process is due to geosychrotron emission produced through interaction of air shower electron/positron pairs gyrating in the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting earth magnetic field while in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earthlatter case a Cerenkov-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earthlike process is expected and observed in accelerator experiments. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux Radio emission of ultra-highhigh energy cosmic particles offers a number of interesting advantages. Since radio waves suffer no attenuation, radio measurements allow the detection of very distant or highly inclined showers, can be used day and night, and provide a bolometric measure of the leptonic shower component. Significant advances in this field have recently achieved with our XXXXX (LOFAR Prototype Station) experiment which has been installed at the Forschungs- zentrum Karlsruhe in Germany next to the cosmic ray detector array ”KASCADE Grande”. The experiment has detected and imaged the radio emission from cosmic rays, confirmed the geosynchrotron effect for extensive air showers, and found an excellent correlation between radio pulse strength and primary particle energy. Future steps will be the installation of radio antennas at the AUGER experiment to measure the composition of ultra- high energy cosmic rays and the usage of the LOFAR radio telescope as a cosmic ray detector. Here an intriguing additional application is the search for low-energy frequency radio emission from neutrinos and cosmic rays hitting the moon. Simulations indicate that particle events above 1021 eV can be detected from the ground which promises the best detection limits for particles beyond the so-called GZK limit and allows one to go significantly beyond current ground-based detector arrays. A pathfinder experiment with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope is currently under way and first experiments with actual LOFAR hardware will commence soon. Status of the gravitational-wave detector GEO600

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Longitudinal Navigation Log data on a Large Web Domain Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands x.xxxxxxxx@xx.xx.xx Xxxxxx Kraaij TNO, the Hague Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands Leiden Institute of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University xxxxxxx@xxx.xxx Xxxx Xxxxxx Radboud University, Nijmegen, the origin Netherlands x.x.x.x.xxxxxx@xxxxxxx.xx.xx Xxxxx xx Xxxxx Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands xxxxx@xxx.xxx ABSTRACT We have collected the access logs for our university’s web domain over a time span of ultra4.5 years. We now release the pre-highprocessed data of a 3-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in month period for research into user navigation behavior. We preprocessed the EeV energy range using the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration Edata so that only successful GET requests of web pages by non-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV bot users are detectable with the Surface Detec- tor Array of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatorykept. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earthresulting 3-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earthmonth collection comprises 9.6M page visits (190K unique URLs) by 744K unique visitors. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–CCS Concepts • → Information systems Web log analysis; Traffic analysis; Web searching and information discovery;

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics An IOP and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos Instrumentation Muon counting using silicon photomultipliers in the EeV energy range using To cite this article: X. Xxx et al 2017 JINST 12 P03002 View the article online for updates and enhancements. You may also like - ATLAS data quality operations and performance for 2015–2018 data-taking AMIGA detector of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory The observatory X. Xxx, X. Xxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration E-mail: auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstractet al. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with - Impact of atmospheric effects on the Surface Detec- tor Array energy reconstruction of air showers observed by the surface detectors of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–

End User Agreement. This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act. This article entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. Research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the University Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the University Library will, as a precaution, make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please contact the University Library through email: xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx. You will be contacted as soon as possible. University Library Radboud University J ournal Fully Projective Radical Isogenies in Constant-Time Xxxx´s-Xxxxxx Xxx-Xxx´ınguez1 and Krijn Reijnders2(✉) 1 Cryptography Research Centre, Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates xxxxx.xxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx 2 Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands xxxxx@xx.xx.xx Abstract. At PQCrypto-2020, Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxx proposed CSURF (CSIDH on the surface) as an improvement to the CSIDH protocol. Soon after that, at Asiacrypt-2020, together with Xxxxxxxxxxx they introduced radical isogenies as a further improvement. The main improvement in these works is that both CSURF and radical isogenies require only one torsion point to initiate a chain of Cosmology isogenies, in comparison to V´elu iso- genies which require a torsion point per isogeny. Both works were imple- mented using non-constant-time techniques, however, in a realistic sce- xxxxx, a constant-time implementation is necessary to mitigate risks of timing attacks. The analysis of constant-time CSURF and Astroparticle Physics An IOP radical isoge- xxxx was left as an open problem by Xxxxxxxx, Decru, and SISSA journal JCAP10(2019)022 Probing Xxxxxxxxxxx. In this work we analyze this problem. A straightforward constant-time implementation of CSURF and radical isogenies encounters too many issues to be cost effective, but we resolve some of these issues with new optimization techniques. We introduce projective radical isogenies to save costly inversions and present a hybrid strategy for integration of radical isogenies in CSIDH implementations. These improvements make radical isogenies almost twice as efficient in constant-time, in terms of finite field multiplications. Using these improvements, we then measure the origin algorith- mic performance in a benchmark of ultraCSIDH, CSURF and CRADS (an implementation using radical isogenies) for different prime sizes. Our implementation provides a more accurate comparison between CSIDH, CSURF and CRADS than the original benchmarks, by using state-highof- the-energy cosmic rays art techniques for all three implementations. Our experiments illus- trate that the speed-up of constant-time CSURF-512 with neutrinos radical isoge- xxxx is reduced to about 3% in comparison to the fastest state-of-the-art constant-time CSIDH-512 implementation. The performance is worse for larger primes, as radical isogenies scale worse than V´elu isogenies. Keywords: Isogeny-based cryptography · CSIDH · Constant-time implementation · CSURF · Radical isogenies The European Commission initially supported this work through the ERC Starting Grant 804476 (SCARE), while X. X. Xxx-Dom´xxxxxx was a postdoctoral researcher at Tampere University. Oc The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 S. D. Xxxxxxxxx (Ed.): CT-RSA 2022, LNCS 13161, pp. 73–95, 2022. xxxxx://xxx.xxx/10.1007/978-3-030-95312-6_4 1 Introduction The first proposal of an isogeny-based Xxxxxx-Xxxxxxx key exchange was done by Xxxxxxxxxx [13] and centered on the action of an ideal class group on a set of ordinary elliptic curves. Later Xxxxxxxxxx and Stolbunov [23, 24] independently rediscovered it and recognized its potential as a possible post-quantum xxxxx- date. In the last decade, isogeny-based key exchange developed further, notably with SIDH in [2, 14, 16]. In Asiacrypt 2018, Castryck, Lange, Martindale, Panny, and Xxxxx introduced CSIDH (a non-interactive key exchange) as a reformula- tion of the Couveignes-Rostovtsev-Stolbunov system using supersingular curves defined over a prime field [9]. With the hope to improve the performance of CSIDH, Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxx proposed CSURF, which exploits 2-isogenies [7] on the surface of the isogeny graph. Later on, Xxxxxxxx, Decru, and Xxxxxxxxxxx in Asiacrypt 2020 expanded on the ideas in CSURF to construct isogenies with small odd degree based on radical computations (N -th roots) [8]. Using radi- cal isogenies, they claimed a speed-up of about 19% over CSIDH-512, however both of the implementations in [7, 8] focus on non-constant-time instantiations. In particular, Xxxxxxxx, Decru, and Xxxxxxxxxxx left the analysis of a constant- time implementation of CSURF and radical isogenies as an open problem. A constant-time algorithm refers to an algorithm whose running time is indepen- dent of (or uncorrelated with) the secret input. This implies the variability in the EeV energy range running time depends on randomness and not on the leakage of information on secret values. Dealing with constant-time implementations of CSIDH (and CSURF) can be tricky as there are multiple approaches, such as using dummy isogenies or a dummy-free approach. The first constant-time CSIDH instantiation is the Xxxxxx pro- cedure using dummy isogenies proposed by Xxxxx, Xxxxxx, and Xxxxx Observatory in [18], later improved by Xxxxx et al. in [20]. Subsequently, Xxxxxxxxx-X´xxxxxx et al. proposed a dummy-free variant of CSIDH [10], and more recently, Xxxxxxx et al. presented CTIDH [3]. This covers the literature that we are aware of. The Xxxxxx Xxxxx collaboration general idea to make CSIDH implementations run in constant-time is to perform a fixed number m of isogenies of a certain degree li, independent of the i=1 secret key ei. For example, take the CSIDH-512 prime p = 4· 74 li−1, where l1 ) − − | | | | ∈ − − | | up to l73 are the smallest 73 odd prime numbers and l74 = 587. Let E-mail/Fp : auger xxxxxxxxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx Received June 19y2 = x3 + Ax2 + x be a supersingular Xxxxxxxxxx curve with (p + 1) rational points. Assuming we require exactly m = 5 isogenies per li, 2019 Accepted September 5, 2019 Published October 8, 2019 Abstract. Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable then our key space cor- responds with the Surface Detec- tor Array integer exponent1 vectors (e1,..., e74) m . . m 74. A dummy-based variant of the Xxxxxx Xxxxx Observatoryconstant-time CSIDH performs ei secret li-isogenies and then proceeds by performing (m ei ) dummy-isogenies. The identification li-isogeny kernel belongs to either E[π 1] or E[π + 1], which is efficiently performed for neutrinos determined by the sign of all flavors interacting in ei. A dummy-free variant (which prevents e.g. fault injection attacks) does not perform the atmosphere at large zenith angles(m ei ) dummy-isogeny constructions, but instead requires ei to have the same parity as well as for Earth-skimming τ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in ∼ 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an Eν−2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 1017 eV–m. It then alternates between using kernels in