Simulation of the diurnal cycle The diurnal signal of several meteorological variables and simulated evaporation are depicted in figure 3. The solid lines are the results from a sunny day without any clouds in March 2016, while the dotted lines reflect the average diurnal cycles. It can 20 be seen that net radiation (Rn) peaks between 1pm and 2pm, which coincides with the peaks of evaporation simulated using the radiation-based methods, i.e. Xxxxxx (PN), de Bruin-Keijman (BK) and Makkink (MK). Evaporation becomes negative during the night following net radiation in case of the first two methods. However, this is not realistic given the fact that the energy balance is not preserved at the water surface, which is assumed by these methods, and the energy released from heat stored in the water can exceed the net radiation at night. This will drive both a positive evaporation and sensible heat flux. Evaporation 25 simulated with the wind-driven Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxxxx (GH) method is damped relative to the radiation-based methods, and it is rather constant throughout the day, with a small peak following the signal of the wind speed. The signal of evaporation resulting from FLake (FL) is damped as well, and its peak is lagging 2 hours behind relative to Rn, induced by a combination of Kin, wind speed and Tair. The total average diurnal evaporation is significantly lower than for the radiation-based methods. This can be explained by the remaining heat storage term of the energy balance in FL, which is used to warm up the water. This heat 30 storage capacity is explicitly accounted for in FL. Hargreaves’ temperature-based method (HA) is not depicted in the graph because the method does not allow to calculate evaporation at hourly timescales given the available data (see Sect. 2.4). The
Simulation of the inv estment at each funding stage - as seen by the start -up company
Simulation of the diurnal cycle The diurnal signal of several meteorological variables and simulated and observed evaporation are depicted in figure 3. The solid lines are the results from a sunny day without any clouds in March 2016, while the dotted lines reflect the average diurnal 5 cycles. It can be seen that net radiation (Rn) peaks between 1pm and 2pm, which coincides with the peaks of evaporation sim- ulated using the radiation-based methods, i.e. Xxxxxx (PN), de Bruin-Keijman (BK) and Makkink (MK). The peaks of these radiation-based methods are simulated two hours later than the observed evaporation peak in Cabauw. Simulated evaporation becomes negative during the night following net radiation in case of the PN and BK method. However, this is not realistic given the fact that the energy balance is not preserved at the water surface, which is assumed by these methods, and the en- 10 ergy released from heat stored in the water can exceed the net radiation at night. This will drive both a positive evaporation and sensible heat flux. Evaporation simulated with the wind-driven Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxxxx (GH) method is damped relative to the radiation-based methods, and it is rather constant throughout the day, with a small peak following the signal of the wind speed. The signal of evaporation resulting from FLake (FL) is damped as well, and its peak is lagging 2 hours behind relative to Rn, induced by a combination of Kin, wind speed and Tair. The total average diurnal evaporation is significantly lower than for
Simulation of the. 14N ESEEM from the different Cu(II) complexes.
