MPTCP: Goals, Challenges and Solutions Sample Clauses

MPTCP: Goals, Challenges and Solutions. The idea of extending TCP, particularly, to be a multipath protocol is not com- pletely new. The first attempt was introduced by Xxxxxxx in 1995 [39]. Never- theless, the protocol required additional amendments to TCP such as changing the header and the segment format. There were many schemes introduced to the literature to convert TCP to a multipath protocol such as Parallel TCP (pTCP) in 2002, mTCP in 2004 and concurrent TCP (cTCP) in 2007 [45]. However, all of these schemes had fairness and deployment issues. The concept of resource pooling, which inspired MPTCP, was proposed in 2008 [46]. It basically sug- gested gathering different resources to act as a single source. In 2009, MPTCP was proposed to the literature, however, it was not fully standardised by the IETF until 2013 [17]. MPTCP is promising protocol because it is fully backward compatible to the conventional (i.e., single-path) TCP and backward compatible to existing applications that rely on conventional TCP [38]. Non-MPTCP-aware entities (like middleboxes) in the network see it as a conventional TCP [14], thus, MPTCP does not require any modification to the current TCP/IP suite which makes the protocol attractive. Those are the reasons behind considering MPTCP in this thesis. MPTCP transmits data through multiple paths simultaneously. Similar to SCTP and CMT-SCTP, MPTCP is designed to support multihoming but with better compatibility to the current network’s infrastructure. Figure 2.2 shows the messages exchanged between two endpoints to establish an MPTCP session. First, the source node informs the destination node that it is a multipath capa- ble device. This is done by sending the synchronisation packet (SYN) along with the MP_CAPABLE option [15]. An option is a field in the TCP header created for different purposes. MPTCP uses this field to establish a connec- tion [47]. If the destination is multipath capable, it acknowledges the packet (SYN+ACK+MP_CAPABLE). Then, the source acknowledges the destination’s packet (ACK+MP_CAPABLE). To this end, the first path is initiated [48]. To add another path to the connection, the source node sends an acknowledgment packet with another option called MP_JOIN. Next, the destination acknowledges the packet (SYN+ACK+MP JOIN) and the source can start sending data [49]. This is just a brief scenario of how MPTCP works. MPTCP is currently widely deployed [16] [39] [49]; and is expected to realize the following goals: • Improve throughput: The throughput o...
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