Caveolae and clathrin-independent endocytosis Sample Clauses

Caveolae and clathrin-independent endocytosis. Receptor-mediated pathways that do not involve clathrin coats or caveolae proteins have been suggested as possible entry routes (Khalil, I.A. et al., 2006). These pathways are still poorly characterised, it has been suggested that each of these pathways could have a specific function in the cell and vary in the vesicles they form, type of macromolecules they transport, intracellular fate and how the entry is regulated. Targeting receptor-mediated endocytosis holds a promising strategy for delivering genes to defined cell populations. An example of this is transferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein, which is highly expressed in rapidly dividing cells and has been used to target tumour cells for gene delivery systems (Xxxxxx, T. et al., 2004, Xxxxxx, X. et al., 1990). The folate receptor is another example of receptors overexpressed in tumour cells, and it can be used for targeting (Xxx, X.X. xx al., 1996, Xxx, X.X. xx al., 2005). However, most of the currently used ligands are internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and the poor intracellular trafficking associated with this significantly limits the transfection activities of the systems. Therefore, identifying and investigating new receptors that can be internalized by clathrin- independent endocytosis might provide more efficient delivery.
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