AMINES Sample Clauses

AMINES. Amines are derivatives of ammonia in which one or more of the hydrogens has been replaced by an alkyl or aryl group. They have the general formula R-NH2 (primary, 1o), R2NH (secondary; 2o) or R3N (tertiary, 3o), in which R is an alkyl or aryl group. The hydrogens on the primary and secondary amines are active and undergo reaction with sodium metal to form a salt and liberate hydrogen gas. Primary and secondary amines react with acetyl chloride to produce amides which often precipitate out from the solution. Heat is also usually evolved in this reaction. Tertiary amines, however, do not react with acetyl chloride since they lack hydrogen on the nitrogen atom. The Hinsberg test can also be used to distinguish between 1o, 2o, and 3o amines. This test involves the reaction between the amines and the benzenesulfonyl chloride reagent under basic conditions. Primary amines react with benzenesulfonyl chloride under basic conditions to form the sodium salt of sulfonamide which is soluble in the reaction mixture. Precipitation of the sulfonamide will occur when the mixture is acidified. Similarly, secondary amide will react with benzenesulphonyl chloride under basic condition to form the sodium salt of sulfonamide which is insoluble in the reaction mixture and remains insoluble upon acidification. Tertiary amines undergo reactions with benzenesulfonyl chloride under basic condition to form the quaternary ammonium sulphonate salts which gives sodium sulfonate and insoluble tertiary amines in basic solution. Acidification of the reaction mixture gives sulfonic acids and soluble amine salts. Amines also react with nitrous acid and this reaction is used to distinguish not only 1o, 2o, or 3o amines, but also between aliphatic and aromatic amines. Primary aliphatic amines and aromatic amines react with nitrous acid to form an intermediate diazonium salt with the evolution of nitrogen gas. A primary aliphatic diazonium salt is unstable even at 0 oC and decomposes spontaneously with a rapid loss of nitrogen gas while primary aromatic amine diazonium salt is more stable at 0 oC and decomposes to liberate nitrogen gas only upon heating. The diazonium salt of the primary aromatic amine reacts with phenolic compounds such as 2- naphthol to form an orange-red azo compound. Secondary amines undergo a reaction with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosoamines which are usually yellow low melting solids. Tertiary aliphatic amines do not react with nitrous acid but form soluble salts as sho...
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