Three dimensional Sample Clauses

Three dimensional ultrasound 1.5.1 Three – dimensional ultrasound volume measurement Another advantage of three- dimensional ultrasound over conventional two- dimensional ultrasound is the ability to measure the volume of irregular objects such as the endometrial cavity. This can be performed by a variety of methods depending on the equipment available. Using the Combison – 530 (Kretztechnik, Austria) the volume of the object of interest is manually delineated in a series of parallel 1 - 2 mm longitudinal sections. Once this is completed the volume is calculated by the built in computer. The validity and reliability of this method has been previously demonstrated by ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 1996). A newer method for volume calculation has become available in the Voluson 730 which is the principal machine used in this thesis. It is called VOCAL and also requires the operator to delineate the object of interest. The difference here is that this is not done in a series of parallel slices but rather in a rotational fashion where the operator can define the rotation step from the options of 30°, 15°, 9° and 6°. Comparing the two methods in vitro for the measurement of the volume of objects of increasing complexity it has been shown that the rotational method demonstrates a trend toward increasing validity if a rotation step of 15° is used. Both methods tended to overestimate the volume of the object under examination in a systematic fashion depending on the irregularity of the object examined (▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2003). The in vivo reliability of the rotational method has also been assessed in a number of studies. VOCAL has proved to be superior to 2D technique of three distance measurement for uterine volume estimation (▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2003). ▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. in a series of 79 patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation showed that the intraobserver ICC for measuring the endometrial volume using the longitudinal plane and a rotation step of 15° was above 0.95 and better than using a rotation step of 30° (▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2002). Comparing the multiplanar method and the rotational method by repeated measures in a single premenopausal women, Raine – ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. confirmed high degrees of reliability and reproducibility for both techniques but showed that the rotational method with a 9° or 15° step was associated with less variance (▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2002). Raine – ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ also showed that to achieve a balance between time taken to complete a study and accuracy a rotati...
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