Techniques for measuring bone mineral Sample Clauses

Techniques for measuring bone mineral density (BMD) There are a variety of methods that can be utilised for the measurement of BMD, each with advantages and disadvantages. Each technique varies in precision and differs substantially in methodology, clinical and research utility and availability [35]. Methods of quantifying BMD include dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), spinal and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (QCT/pQCT), and quantitative ultrasound (QUS). Spinal QCT is used to measure the volumetric BMD of trabecular bone and/or cortical bone that forms the exterior walls of the vertebrae [36]. Trabecular bone is much more metabolically active compared to cortical bone and is affected by age, disease and therapy-related changes earlier and to a greater degree than cortical bone. The advantage of QCT is that it is able to detect early changes in BMD in response to treatment or disease [37]. Peripheral QCT (pQCT) also uses CT to measure BMD at peripheral body sites such as the forearm and leg, and is useful for measuring bone strength [38].
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