Common use of System Model Clause in Contracts

System Model. The cybersecurity challenges in SG networks are notably severe when relying on traditional approaches, which often involve complex security controls and communication protection mechanisms. These methods are vulner- able to specific attacks and may hinder their effectiveness in real-time operations.32 As highlighted in,33 the interconnected nature of SG components via the Internet underscores the need for robust protection mechanisms for inter-component communications. To address these challenges, the researchers in33 emphasize the importance of ensuring authenticity, confidentiality, and integrity to enhance their security. This enhancement is achieved by integrating blockchain technology with a lightweight block cipher algorithm, which fortifies security without increasing energy consumption or reducing the operational efficiency of the SG network. A blockchain-based Demand Response (DR) management system model has been proposed for SG networks involving three distinct entities: SMs, Demand Response Control Units (DRCU), and Service Providers (SP). Be- fore deployment, SP registers both SM and DRCU to ensure they can effectively manage electricity distribution. Subsequently, SM collects detailed data on energy consumption—quantifying energy amounts, usage durations, and usage patterns. This data is then securely logged on the blockchain and transmitted to the DRCU, which uses the information to assess the electrical capabilities of the SG network, enabling effective demand response management and real-time pricing adjustments. However, since SM transmits this sensitive data over open networks, it is vulnerable to various security threats. Data can be intercepted, modified, or replayed by malicious attackers, posing risks to user privacy and the accuracy of DR data. A robust authentication strategy for the SG network is essential to mitigate these risks and ensure the security of the data. This strategy aims to secure mutual authentication and maintain the integrity of the DR data, safeguarding against potential cyber threats.