Multi-Mode Sample Clauses

Multi-Mode. Few-Mode Fiber Multimode fibers are optical fibers which support multiple transverse guided modes for a given optical frequency and polarization. Such fibers support tens of transverse guided modes for a given optical frequency and polarization (LP modes as in Figure 13), and the number of guided modes is determined by the wavelength and the refractive index profile. Particularly for fibers with a relatively large core, the number of supported modes can be very high. Launching light into a multimode fiber is comparatively easy, because there are larger tolerances concerning the location and propagation angle of incident light, compared with a single-mode fiber. So, such fibers can guide light with poor beam quality (e.g. generated with a high-power diode bar), but for preserving the beam quality of a light source with higher brightness it can be better to use a fiber with smaller core and moderate numerical aperture, even though efficient launching can then be more difficult. Also, the possible data rates and/or transmission distances achievable with such fibers is limited by the phenomenon of intermodal dispersion: the group velocity depends on the propagation mode, especially when having many modes co-propagating, are the modal dispersion, modal interference and high Differential Mode Group Delay (DMGD), which make long-haul transmission simply impossible. The only way to deal with that, is to compensate those impairments through heavy Multiple Input – Multiple Output (MIMO) Digital Signal Processing (DSP) on the receiver side. In order to improve this situation, Few-Mode Fiber (FMF) has been proposed [fmf-2012]. FMFs are in principal same as MMFs, but are made to carry less LP modes, thus lightening DSP load in the receiver end and making long-distance communication achievable [fm-mdm-2012, mdm-16qam-2012]. However, unavoidable imperfections still set limits. There are ISO standards like OM1, OM2 and OM3, which quantify the residual level of intermodal dispersion, limiting the transmission bandwidth (or the bandwidth–distance product). The highest performance is achieved with OM3 50/125-μm laser-optimized fibers, having a very precisely controlled refractive index profile. The data transmitter then normally contains an 850-nm VCSEL.
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  • Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License The Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License (CC-BY-NC-ND) permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, is not used for commercial purposes and no modifications or adaptations are made. (see below) Use by commercial "for-profit" organizations Use of Wiley Open Access articles for commercial, promotional, or marketing purposes requires further explicit permission from Wiley and will be subject to a fee. Further details can be found on Wiley Online Library xxxx://xxxxxxx.xxxxx.xxx/WileyCDA/Section/id-410895.html Other Terms and Conditions:

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