Common use of Mode Dependency Clause in Contracts

Mode Dependency. The major hypothesis is that a long-term mobility decision (in this case, a permanent substitution of private vehicle modes with ridesourcing) could not be fully explained by comparing the perceived utilities associated with the two choices. There might be certain latent factors that attach the respondents to their private cars and govern their decisions as obstacles against shifting to alternative mobility choices. These latent schemes are referred to as “mode-dependency” patterns. The concept of mode-dependency is not new. In particular, few studies have documented auto-dependency and its significant impact on mode choice decisions (▇▇▇▇▇ and ▇▇ 2008, ▇▇▇▇ and ▇▇▇ 2009, ▇▇▇▇▇ and ▇▇▇▇▇ 2012). For the purpose of this study, mode-dependency patterns were derived through factor analysis based on several observed variables in the survey data, including: - Personal attributes associated with driving: holding a driver’s license - Household structure variables: number of vehicles owned, number of drivers per household, etc. - Mode usage parameters: mode frequency (daily, 1-3 times a week, 1-3 times a month, a few times a year, less than once a year or never) for each mode, most frequent one-way trip distance for each mode, the trip purpose for each mode used (commute and others). - Employment status: worker, non-worker, unemployed, student, retired, others, etc. Component Factor Factor Factor Factor Factor Factor Has a driver license (yes) 0.658 -0.158 0.002 0.032 0.273 -0.201 Number of HH drivers 0.135 0.086 -0.027 -0.021 0.905 0.054 Number of HH vehicles 0.159 0.13 -0.113 0.08 0.856 0.061 Mode frequency of private vehicle-driver 0.839 0.056 -0.121 0.061 0.067 -0.077 Mode frequency of private vehicle-passenger 0.05 0.813 0.055 0.046 0.065 -0.031 Mode frequency of transit -0.149 0.089 0.798 0.14 -0.099 0.039 Trip distance for private vehicle-driver (mile) 0.775 0.113 0.061 -0.065 0.062 0.043 Trip distance for private vehicle-passenger (mile) 0.331 0.643 0.133 -0.166 0.047 -0.002 Trip distance associated with transit (mile) 0.024 0.113 0.841 0.049 -0.03 0.027 Use private vehicle driver mode for commute 0.7 -0.026 -0.21 0.279 0.028 0.079 Use private vehicle passenger mode for commute -0.175 0.631 -0.038 0.172 0.063 0.107 Use private vehicle driver mode for other purposes 0.768 -0.045 -0.308 -0.011 0.073 0.007 Use private vehicle passenger for other purposes -0.062 0.767 -0.01 0.021 0.051 -0.006 Use alternate modes (other than private car) for non-commute purposes -0.37 -0.156 0.698 0.074 -0.018 -0.008 Worker 0.097 0.052 0.124 0.935 0.007 -0.267 Non-worker -0.073 -0.072 -0.155 -0.944 -0.056 -0.178 Student -0.057 0.039 0.058 -0.046 0.105 0.972 Results from the factor analysis are presented in Table 17. Accordingly, six latent factors were identified: - Factor 1: Highly car-dependent drivers: those who hold a driver’s license and use their private vehicles for almost all purposes, regardless of employment status. - Factor 2: Highly car-dependent passengers: those without a driver’s license who get rides from family members or friends and tend to use the same passenger mode for all trips, regardless of employment status. - Factor 3: Transit-dependent travelers: those who do not hold a driver’s license and use transit for non-commute purposes, and unlikely to drive for any trip purposes.