Discovery and Structure of DNA Sample Clauses

Discovery and Structure of DNA. ‌ Xxxxxx Xxxxxx first described heritability from breeding experiments with peas. In 1865 he discovered, that the different phenotypes of pea flowers can be ex- plained by specific ratio laws [59]. To this date, these laws are called and used as the “Mendelian laws”. The first isolation of DNA was by Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx in Tübingen, but at the time he failed to realize the importance of his discovery. In 1909 Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx described one unit of heredity with the word gene. In 1953 the double-helix structure of DNA was revealed by Xxxxxx and Xxxxx [94]. DNA consists of four bases, connected by a sugar-phosphate backbone. The atoms are connected from 5’C atom to 3’C of the base, which gives the DNA strand its direc- tion (from 5’ to 3’). These bases, called nucleotides, build up two complementary linearly composed strands, which form a double helix. Two nucleotides respectively form hydrogen bonds, which stabilize the double helix. The four nucleotides are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine. A and T can bind to each other by form-
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