Collaborate. author; SS and PST jointly conduct (parts of) the research activities and both participate actively in decision-making on research activities and processes. For this step, based on the PST PAR reports, characteristics of the PST PAR project were described in short summaries of main topics and research activities (for an example, see Appendix 8 – Case summary and perceived conditions). Subsequently, they were further summarized along the dimension level of student involvement and action research stage. The summarized project descriptions were labelled as one or more most characteristic levels of student involvement (Table 18 and Appendix 7 – Level of student involvement). 1 PAR project focused on how the number of language errors that HAVO 3 students make on their end-of-unit tests through using visual tools can be lowered. Students participate in this PAR project at the level of data source and active respondent. Collaboration was planned and strived for, but not realized. Inform Consult 2 PAR project focused on motivating factors for TTO students who find studying English literature challenging. Student participated in this PAR project on the level of ‘participation’ in designing the lessons (focus topics, content, form). In designing and conducting the research the students participated as active respondents. Participate Consult 3 PAR project focused on why codeswitching occurs in language and science bilingual classroom and if it is considered beneficial by students. Students participated in this PAR project at the level of data sources, active respondents and a few of them as co-researchers. Inform Consult Collaborate 4 PAR project focused on controllable factors in the process of evaluating group work which can enhance student motivation in cooperative learning forms. Students participated in this PAR project on the level of data source and active respondents. Inform Consult 5 PAR project focused on how to use technology to increase effective learning in Language Acquisition for two Year 10 MYP classes. Students participated in this PAR project at the level of data source. Two students participated on the level of collaboration during this PAR project. Inform Collaborate 6 PAR project focused on the relation between the self-formulated identity of non-Dutch or mixed background learners and the historical topics that they feel most related to. Consequently, the research focuses on which suggestions could be made to improve the relevance of history education in the context of a multicultural school? Students participated in this PAR project on the level of ‘participation’ for the design on the intervention. In designing and conducting the research they participated on the level of data source and active respondent. Inform Participate Consult
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