Calculating the number of cases Sample Clauses

Calculating the number of cases. For each health outcome and pollutant, the health impact is computed using the following health impact function; ∆y = y (1 − e−β∆x ) Where; ∆y is the decrease in the health outcome associated with the decrease in pollutant concentrations y0 is the baseline health outcome ∆x is the decrease in the pollutant concentration in a given scenario β is the coefficient of the concentration response function A confidence interval (CI) of ∆y can be calculated using the confidence interval of β, i.e. ∆ysup = y0 (1 − e −( β −1.96s)∆x ) sup 0 ∆y = y (1 − e −( β +1.96s )∆x ) s is an estimate of the standard error of β. Note that the CI only takes into account the uncertainty in the estimate β in the original study but does not take into account other sources of uncertainty (exposure assessment, transfer from the context of the original study to the context of the city where the HIA is performed, etc.). When assessing short-term impacts of air pollutants, baseline health-outcome data should be calculated using the same years as for air-pollution data. When assessing long-term impacts of air pollutants, baseline health outcome data can be estimated using all available years, implicitly considering that the estimated chronic exposure from the available years is representative of the cumulative average population exposure. Xxxxxxx has developed two Excel sheets to calculate the short- and long-term impacts of air pollutants. These sheets focus on the short-term impacts of ozone and PM10 and the long-term impacts of PM2.5. Guidance on how to use these tools appears in Appendixes 1 and 2. An HIA online tool is also provided on the Aphekom Web site. The Excel can also be modified for use for other pollutants.