EXHIBIT A
JOINT FILING AGREEMENT
In accordance with Rule 13d-1(k)(l) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended, the undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the attached
Schedule 13G, and any and all amendments thereto, and expressly authorize
AMVESCAP PLC, as the ultimate parent company of each of its undersigned
subsidiaries, to file such Schedule 13G, and any and all amendments thereto, on
behalf of each of them.
Dated: February 14, 2007 AMVESCAP PLC
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx Xxxxxxxx
Title: SVP/Global Compliance Director
AIM Advisors, Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
AIM Capital Management, Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
AIM Funds Management, Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxxx Xxxxxx
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Name: Xxxxx Xxxxxx
Title: Vice President, Compliance &
Chief Compliance Officer
AIM Private Asset Management, Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
AMVESCAP National Trust Company
By: /s/ Xxxxx Xxxxx
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Name: Xxxxx Xxxxx
Title: General Counsel
Atlantic Trust Company, N.A.
By: /s/ Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx
Title: Ghief Compliance Officer
INVESCO Hong Kong Limited
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
Title: Reg. Head of Legal AP
INVESCO Asset Management Deutschland
GmbH
By: /s/ Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx
Title: Head of Legal CE
INVESCO Asset Management Limited
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx Xxxxxx
Title: Director of European Compliance
INVESCO Asset Management S.A.
By: /s/ Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx
Title: Managing Director
INVESCO Asset Management Osterreich GmbH
By: /s/ Xxxxxx Xxxxx
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Name: Xxxxxx Xxxxx
Title: Managing Director
INVESCO Global Asset Management (N.A.),
Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
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Name: Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
Title: General Counsel
INVESCO Management Company S.A.
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx Xxxxxx
Title: Director of European Compliance
INVESCO Management S.A.
By: /s/ Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx
Title: Head of Investment Operations
INVESCO Institutional (N.A.), Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
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Name: Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
Title: General Counsel
INVESCO Maximum Income Management S.A.
By: /s/ Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx
Title: Head of Investment Operations
INVESCO Private Capital, Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
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Name: Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
Title: General Counsel
INVESCO Senior Secured Management, Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
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Name: Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
Title: General Counsel
INVESCO Taiwan Limited
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
Title: Reg. Head of Legal, AP
INVESCO Asset Management (Japan) Limited
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
Title: Reg. Head of Legal, AP
INVESCO Asset Management Ireland Limited
By: /s/ Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx
Title: Head of Investment Operations
INVESCO Kapitalanlagegesellschaft GmbH
By: /s/ Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx
Title: Head of Legal CE
PowerShares Capital Management LLC
By: /s/ Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx
Title: General Counsel & COO
Xxxxx Xxx Investment Counsel, Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx Xxxxxxxx
Title: General Counsel