Secure Against Active Attacks Clause Samples

Secure Against Active Attacks. Some of the standard protocols such as the ones in [FG10] and [FAA14] are vulnerable to active attacks such as Key-Offset and Forgery. We overcome this limitation by including a term which is a signature of the ephemeral keys. This provides enhanced security for a little extra overhead. Table 1 compares our scheme with existing protocols. It compares based on the number of exponentiation, the number of pairing operations, the security model under the schemes are proven secure and the resistance to active adver- sary. All of the protocols listed in the table have been designed for the multiple PKG model. From the table we can see that our protocol has been proven secure in a much stronger model when compared to existing protocols. It is also note- worthy that our protocol offers resistance to active adversary by incorporating a signature in the message being sent. This guarantees origin authentication, a feature missing in the other protocols. Another major advantage of our protocol is that it does not involve any pairing operations. In general it is always desirable to have a protocol that involves simple group theoretic operations than pairing as it is slightly inefficient to find too much pairing-friendly curves. Our protocol also removes all the attacks of the scheme presented in [FAA14] as reported in [MM13] and is also proven secure in a much stronger model. But for this we have to pay an extra cost of 3 more exponentiations compared to [FAA14]. SCK-3 [CK03] 1 2 BJM × ▇▇▇ et al. [LKKO05] 2 2 N.A. × ▇▇▇▇▇▇ and Attari [FAA14] 7 N.A. BJM × √ Ours 7 + 3# ▇.▇. ▇▇▇ In this section we describe the notations we will be using throughout our paper. We denote the security parameter by κ. The set of integers is denoted by Z. [n] denotes the set 1, . . . , n 1 for n 2. We denote by x R X the fact that x is chosen uniformly at random from the set X. G denotes a group of order q (where q is a prime of length κ) with generator g. G∗ denotes the non-zero elements of G. Zp∗ denotes the multiplicative group of integers modulo p, where p is a prime and p|(q − 1).
View Source
Secure Against Active Attacks. Some of the standard protocols such as the ones in [FG10] and [FAA14] are vulnerable to active attacks such as Key-Offset and Forgery. We overcome this limitation by incorporating appropriate verification mechanisms that would abort the protocol in case of any change in values to be agreed upon. We ensure this by including a term which is a signature of the ephemeral keys. This provides enhanced security for minimal extra overhead. Table 1 compares our scheme with existing protocols. The comparison is based on the number of exponentiations (Exp), the number of pairing operations, the security model under which the schemes are proven secure and resistance to active adversary. SCK-3 [CK03] 1 2 BJM × ▇▇▇ et al. [LKKO05] 2 2 N.A. × Farash and Attari [FAA14] 7 N.A. BJM × √ Proposed protocol 7 + 3# ▇.▇. ▇▇▇ All of the protocols listed in the table have been designed for the multiple PKG model. From the table we can see that our protocol has been proven secure in a much stronger model when compared to existing protocols. It is also noteworthy that our protocol offers resistance to active adversary. This guarantees origin authentication, a feature missing in the other protocols. Alongside these our protocol also fixes all the attacks of the scheme presented in [FAA14] as reported in [MM13]. But for this we have to pay a cost of 3 extra exponentiations compared to [FAA14]. However this extra computation is justifiable when compared to the advantages our protocol provides.
View Source

Related to Secure Against Active Attacks

  • Confidentiality and Intellectual Property 6.1 You must not disclose to any other person or entity any confidential information belonging to the Group or any of its divisions, customers, suppliers or collaboration partners (including, without limitation, this Contract, specifications, formulae, manufacturing processes, know-how and any technical or economic information) or use such information for any purpose except for the supply of goods and/or services to us or as expressly authorised in writing by us. You must return to us such information and any copies if requested. 6.2 You must, on request, transfer to us, free of charge and free from encumbrances, any documents, specifications, plans, drawings, samples, information or goods created or prepared for us by you or your employees, subcontractors and consultants, which we may use without any charge. 6.3 Intellectual property rights in any information, documentation, prototypes or tooling provided by us to you shall remain owned by us or our customers or our suppliers and shall only be used for the sole purpose of supplying goods and/or services to us. If any intellectual property rights are created or generated from such information, documentation, prototypes or tooling or in performing the Contract then such rights shall be owned by us.

  • Confidentiality and Intellectual Property Rights (a) The parties acknowledge that the information which the disclosing party submits to the receiving party in connection with this Agreement includes disclosing party's confidential and proprietary information, both of a technical and commercial nature. Receiving party agrees not to disclose such information to third parties without disclosing party's prior written consent. (b) The intellectual property rights, copyrights and other rights connected therewith, in respect of drawings, specifications, documents, data and software made available by the Seller to the Buyer shall be owned solely by the Seller and shall remain its property. Buyer is not allowed to permit any third party to fabricate the Products or any parts thereof. (c) The Buyer is obliged to inform the Seller of any intellectual property rights that may exist with respect to the Equipment if Services are rendered for Equipment not supplied by the Seller. In case of third-party claims that may be asserted on the grounds of the existence of intellectual property rights on the Equipment or Products not delivered by the Seller, the Buyer shall indemnify and hold harmless the Seller against any such claims. (d) With regard to software the Seller grants to the Buyer a non-exclusive and non-transmissible right to use the intellectual property right, in machine-readable, object code form, on one system limited to the operation of the agreed Equipment. The software license shall be unlimited in time and free of charge, if not otherwise agreed. Neither the Buyer nor any third party shall modify, reproduce, translate, reverse engineer, transfer from object code to the source code or decompile the Seller´s software. The license does not entitle the Buyer to use the software for any equipment other than the agreed Equipment, to grant sub-licenses or to copy the software documents without the Seller ´s prior written consent. The Buyer is only entitled to make a single copy for backup purposes to be able to reload the system limited to the one agreed Equipment. If the Buyer exchanges the agreed Equipment, new software has to be purchased and installed. In case of termination of the Agreement the license terminates and all copies of the software and the documentation shall be returned to the Seller promptly after termination.

  • Patent/Copyright Materials/Proprietary Infringement Unless otherwise expressly provided in this Contract, Contractor shall be solely responsible for clearing the right to use any patented or copyrighted materials in the performance of this Contract. Contractor warrants that any software as modified through services provided hereunder will not infringe upon or violate any patent, proprietary right or trade secret right of any third party. Contractor agrees that, in accordance with the more specific requirement contained in paragraph 18 below, it shall indemnify, defend and hold County and County Indemnitees harmless from any and all such claims and be responsible for payment of all costs, damages, penalties and expenses related to or arising from such claim(s), including, but not limited to, attorney’s fees, costs and expenses.

  • Confidentiality Intellectual Property The Executive agrees that during the Executive’s employment with the Company, whether or not under this Agreement, and at all times thereafter: (a) The Executive will not at any time, directly or indirectly, disclose or divulge any Confidential Information (as hereinafter defined), except as required in connection with the performance of the Executive’s duties for the Company, and except to the extent required by law (but only after the Executive has provided the Company with reasonable notice and opportunity to take action against any legally required disclosure). As used herein, “Confidential Information” means all trade secrets and all other information of a business, financial, marketing, technical or other nature relating to the business of the Company including, without limitation, any customer or vendor lists, prospective customer names, financial statements and projections, know-how, pricing policies, operational methods, methods of doing business, technical processes, formulae, designs and design projects, inventions, computer hardware, software programs, business plans and projects pertaining to the Company and including any information of others that the Company has agreed to keep confidential; provided, however, that Confidential Information shall not include any information that has entered or enters the public domain through (i) no fault of the Executive, and (ii) no breach by any other current or former employee of his/her confidentiality obligations to the Company.

  • Intellectual Property Infringement a. If a third party makes a claim against Ordering Activity that the Appian Software directly infringes any patent, copyright, or trademark or misappropriate any trade secret (“IP Claim”); Contractor will to the extent permitted by 28 U.S.C. 516 (i) assist in defending Ordering Activity against the IP Claim at Contractor’s cost and expense, and (ii) pay all costs, damages and expenses (including reasonable legal fees) finally awarded against Ordering Activity by a court of competent jurisdiction or agreed to in a written settlement agreement signed by Contractor arising out of such IP Claim; provided that: (I) Ordering Activity promptly notifies Contractor in writing no later than sixty (60) days after Ordering Activity’s receipt of notification of a potential claim and (II) Ordering Activity provides Contractor, at Contractor’s request and expense, with the assistance, information and authority necessary to perform Contractor’s obligations under this Section. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Contractor shall have no liability for any claim of infringement based on (I) the use of a superseded or altered release of the Appian Software if the infringement would have been avoided by the use of a current unaltered release of the Appian Software, (II) the modification of the Appian Software, (III) the use of the Appian Software other than in accordance with the then current Documentation or this Agreement, or (IV) any materials or information provided to Contractor by Ordering Activity, for which Ordering Activity shall be solely responsible. b. If the Appian Software is held to infringe or are believed by Contractor to infringe, Contractor shall have the option, at its expense, to (i) replace or modify the Appian Software to be non-infringing, or (ii) obtain for Ordering Activity a license to continue using the Appian Software. If it is not commercially reasonable to perform either of the foregoing options, then Contractor may terminate the license for the infringing Appian Software and refund the license fees paid for the Appian Software upon return of the Appian Software by Ordering Activity. This section states Contractor’s entire liability and Ordering Activity’s exclusive remedy for any claim of infringement; provided, however, if the license is for a cloud subscription described in Section B of this Agreement, then Appian shall only refund to Ordering Activity those license fees that were pre-paid and unearned at the time Appian terminates the license.