Common use of Problem Statement Clause in Contracts

Problem Statement. Decision support increasingly requires the ability to manage, combine and use information from heterogeneous sources. A Framework for decision support based on four pillars related to semantic interoperability, GIS interoperabil- ity, P2P architectures, and query processing. In the following, the main characteristics and issues of the four pillars is presented. Information heterogeneity can occur at the syntactic, structural and se- mantic level. Semantic interoperability is more acute in dynamic and au- tonomous environments, due to the lack of relationships among sources. Se- mantic interoperability is essentially based on having a common understand- ing of the meaning of the information exchanged by di erent sources. It's a multi-level problem that can occur in data sources, fromats or models. To exchange information and share computational geo-data resources among heterogeneous systems, conversion tools are usually developed to transfer data from one format to other format. GIS composed of image and traditional database, it required geographic data exhibits complex structure, large size, and complex semantics. P2P can provide infrastructure for dynamic environment in which au- tonomous and independent peers can joint or leave the network easily and frequently. However in a diverse and large community, it is hard to discover relevant data for decision making. P2P allow to develop community which share common interest, so that large community will be 'clustered' based on the same interest. Then searching relevant data can be easier. Consider the fragments of export schema of the two provider peers shown in gure 1.1. One of the provider peer is a toll collection company that views the shared transportation network as a point to point network. This provider peer is interested in land transportation network characteristics related to the nature and type of the road ( gure 1.1b). Another provider peer PP 2, a design and development company, requires detail road information such as size, width, length and tra c capacity. The two provider peers generate di erent representations of the same ontology concepts. Refer to above issues, the research focuses on some questions as follow: