Common use of Population Estimates Clause in Contracts

Population Estimates. The population estimates of the sex- and race-specific, as well as sex- and ethnicity/race-specific groups in five-year age categories, were used as denominators in the formulation of rates. These population estimates of Illinois for all races, Whites, Blacks, and Asian/other races from 1986 through 2021, and Hispanics, non-Hispanics, non-Hispanic White, and non-Hispanic Black for 1990 through 2021 were obtained from both the intercensal and Vintage 2020 bridged-race postcensal population estimate files. Some population estimates were calculated by ▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇ Economics, Inc. for the National Cancer Institute (NCI) that were announced before the U. S. Bureau of Census Population Estimates Program (▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/programs-surveys/popest.html) were scheduled to be released in fall 2024 (U.S. County Population Data 1969-2022 - SEER Population Data (▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇)).2 The population estimates incorporate intercensal (for 2000-2009 from U.S. Census Bureau and 2010-2019 from ▇▇▇▇▇ & Poole) and Vintage 2020 (for 2020-2021) bridged-race estimates are derived from the original multiple race categories in the 2000, 2010, and 2020 censuses (as specified in the 1997 Office of Management and Budget standards for the collection of data on race and ethnicity). The bridged single-race estimates, and a description of the methodology used to develop them, appear on the National Center for Health Statistics website (▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇▇/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm). For more information on the modifications to county population categorized for each decade, visit ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/popdata/modifications.html. The intercensal estimates from ▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇ Economics align with the anticipated U.S. Census Bureau’s 2010-2019 intercensal estimates methodology (▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/programs- surveys/popest/technical-documentation/methodology/intercensal/2000-2010- intercensal-estimates- methodology.pdf ) (▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇ Economics, Inc.2010-2020 County Intercensal Estimates (▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇)).2,3 Previous estimates utilized before the availability of the 2010 census data were prone to increased error as the time from the actual 2000 census increased. At the national level, estimates using both the 2000 census and the 2010 census are not very different from the previous estimates. However, there are more significant differences at the state and county levels that may result in changes to cancer incidence rates when one compares this report to earlier versions. Changes in rates also could be attributable to the addition of cases reported late. Cancer Site Coding for Incidence Data: Although the anatomic site and morphology for cancer cases diagnosed before 2001 were coded using the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology version 2 (ICD-O-2)4 and for cancer cases diagnosed in 2001 through 2009, version 3 (ICD- O-3),5 all ICD-O-2 coded cases were converted to version 3 codes. The ISCR Web-based query data utilizes the ICD-O-3 recode with adjustment for WHO 2008 hematopoietic. SEER-NCI recommends this site recode scheme (Site Recode ICD-O-3/WHO 2008) be used for any data containing cases diagnosed in 2010 or later years. In the interests of comparability to other national, state, and registry- specific data, subsequent versions of the Web-based query data containing cases diagnosed in 2010 or later will indeed use the SEER Site Recode ICD-O-3/WHO 2008. For a complete listing, see Appendix B of the annual state report (see Illinois State Cancer Incidence Review and Update). Data at the county level in this application are aggregated into 24 major site groups and at the ZIP code level into 11 site groups. These standardized classification schemes allow direct comparisons of Illinois data with international, national, and state publications. Several definitional changes occurred in some histologies and behaviors in ICD-O-3 that affected the inclusion and exclusion of reportable cancers diagnosed beginning in 2001. These changes may affect the comparability of data between rates before 2001 and 2001 or later. The changes predominately affected leukemias, lymphomas, and cancer of the ovary. Several cancers that previously were not coded as malignant in ICD-O-2 are coded as malignant in ICD-O-3. For example, Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and chronic myeloproliferative disease (CMPD) are considered malignant cancer in ICD-O-3, as are papillary ependymomas and papillary meningiomas, which according to ICD-O-3, are included in the “Brain and Nervous System” and “All Cancers Combined” categories. Some endometrial tumors also are classified as malignant in ICD-O-3. Conversely, some low malignant potential tumors of the ovary and pilocytic astrocytomas are no longer coded as malignant in ICD-O-3. Because of the way cancers are grouped in this report, these changes would have slight or little impact on the incidence of a specific cancer site; however, it might result in a noticeable increase in cancer incidence rates for “All Cancers Combined.” In addition, both Kaposi sarcoma and mesothelioma are classified as separate site groups within the SEER recode. This change has a slight impact on cancer incidence rates for a few specific cancers, compared to using the previous site grouping method. Counts and rates were calculated for invasive cancers only, except in situ cancer of the bladder. Although counts and rates for breast cancer in situ are displayed in a separate table, these cases were not included in any counts or rates of all sites combined incidence. Confidentiality of the incidence data is maintained by aggregating data within individual records into categories, the number of which depends on the size of the geographic area. Individual year of diagnosis is available for the Illinois data files, however, for the county, ZIP code, Cook County, and stage files, the diagnosis year is a five-year aggregate (1997-2001, 2002-2006, 2007-2011 [this and prior groups are not available for the Cook County file]), 2012-2016, and 2017-2021).

Population Estimates. The population estimates of the sex- and race-specific, as well as sex- and ethnicity/race-specific groups in five-year age categories, were used as denominators in the formulation of rates. These population estimates of Illinois for all races, Whites, Blacks, and Asian/other races from 1986 through 2021, and for Hispanics, non-Hispanics, non-Hispanic White, and non-Hispanic Black for 1990 through 2021 were obtained from both the intercensal and Vintage 2020 bridged-race postcensal population estimate estimates files. Some population estimates were calculated by ▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇ Economics, Inc. for the National Cancer Institute (NCI) that were announced released before the U. S. Bureau of Census Population Estimates Program (▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/programs-surveys/popest.html) were scheduled to be released in fall 2024 (U.S. County Population Data 1969-2022 - SEER Population Data (▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇)).2 )).1 The population estimates incorporate intercensal (for 2000-2009 from U.S. Census Bureau and 2010-2019 from ▇▇▇▇▇ & Poole) and Vintage 2020 (for 2020-2021) bridged-race estimates are derived from the original multiple race categories in the 2000, 2010, and 2020 censuses (as specified in the 1997 Office of Management and Budget standards for the collection of data on race and ethnicity). The bridged single-single- race estimates, and a description of the methodology used to develop them, appear on the National Center for Health Statistics website (▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇▇/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm). For more information on the modifications to county population categorized for each decade, visit ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/popdata/modifications.html. The intercensal estimates from ▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇ Economics align with the anticipated U.S. Census Bureau’s 2010-2019 intercensal estimates methodology (▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/programs- surveys/popest/technical-documentation/methodology/intercensal/2000-2010- intercensal-estimates- methodology.pdf ) (▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇ Economics, Inc.2010-2020 County Intercensal Estimates (▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇)).2,3 )).1,2 Previous estimates utilized before the availability of the 2010 census data were prone to increased error as the time from the actual 2000 census increased. At the national level, estimates using both the 2000 census and the 2010 census are not very different from the previous estimates. However, there are more significant differences at the state and county levels that may result in changes to cancer incidence rates when one compares this report to earlier versions. Changes in rates also could be attributable to the addition of cases reported late. Cancer Site Coding for Incidence Data: Although the anatomic site and morphology for cancer cases diagnosed before 2001 were coded using the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology version 2 (ICD-O-2)4 and for cancer cases diagnosed in 2001 through 2009, version 3 (ICD- O-3),5 all ICD-O-2 coded cases were converted to version 3 codes. The ISCR Web-based query data utilizes the ICD-O-3 recode with adjustment for WHO 2008 hematopoietic. SEER-NCI recommends this site recode scheme (Site Recode ICD-O-3/WHO 2008) be used for any data containing cases diagnosed in 2010 or later years. In the interests of comparability to other national, state, and registry- specific data, subsequent versions of the Web-based query data containing cases diagnosed in 2010 or later will indeed use the SEER Site Recode ICD-O-3/WHO 2008. For a complete listing, see Appendix B of the annual state report (see Illinois State Cancer Incidence Review and Update). Data at the county level in this application are aggregated into 24 major site groups and at the ZIP code level into 11 site groups. These standardized classification schemes allow direct comparisons of Illinois data with international, national, and state publications. Several definitional changes occurred in some histologies and behaviors in ICD-O-3 that affected the inclusion and exclusion of reportable cancers diagnosed beginning in 2001. These changes may affect the comparability of data between rates before 2001 and 2001 or later. The changes predominately affected leukemias, lymphomas, and cancer of the ovary. Several cancers that previously were not coded as malignant in ICD-O-2 are coded as malignant in ICD-O-3. For example, Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and chronic myeloproliferative disease (CMPD) are considered malignant cancer in ICD-O-3, as are papillary ependymomas and papillary meningiomas, which according to ICD-O-3, are included in the “Brain and Nervous System” and “All Cancers Combined” categories. Some endometrial tumors also are classified as malignant in ICD-O-3. Conversely, some low malignant potential tumors of the ovary and pilocytic astrocytomas are no longer coded as malignant in ICD-O-3. Because of the way cancers are grouped in this report, these changes would have slight or little impact on the incidence of a specific cancer site; however, it might result in a noticeable increase in cancer incidence rates for “All Cancers Combined.” In addition, both Kaposi sarcoma and mesothelioma are classified as separate site groups within the SEER recode. This change has a slight impact on cancer incidence rates for a few specific cancers, compared to using the previous site grouping method. Counts and rates were calculated for invasive cancers only, except in situ cancer of the bladder. Although counts and rates for breast cancer in situ are displayed in a separate table, these cases were not included in any counts or rates of all sites combined incidence. Confidentiality of the incidence data is maintained by aggregating data within individual records into categories, the number of which depends on the size of the geographic area. Individual year of diagnosis is available for the Illinois data files, however, for the county, ZIP code, Cook County, and stage files, the diagnosis year is a five-year aggregate (1997-2001, 2002-2006, 2007-2011 [this and prior groups are not available for the Cook County file]), 2012-2016, and 2017-2021).