Organic Radicals Sample Clauses

Organic Radicals. ‌ As potential alternatives to costly and environmental unfriendly metal materi- als, organic radicals draw the attention of researchers due to their ferromagnetic properties that resemble metal materials. Also, organic structures are more tun- able structures than metal materials.3 A common organic radical consists of a con- jugated π-system chromophore center and a covalently linked radical, such as tert- butylphenyl nitroxide (BPNO), nitronyl nitroxide (NN), iminyl nitroxide (IN) and (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO). Thermodynamics and spin prop- erties of the organic radicals can be altered by managing the topology with structural modifications to change the distance and position of the radical with respect to the chromophore. Xxxxxxxx et al. revealed that the insertion of a phenyl spacer in be- tween BPNO radical and perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) would increase the lifetime of triplet excited state of PDI by an order of magnitude while decrease the triplet quantum yield by half.11 The extended triplet lifetime(τ T) is beneficiary for potential spintronic applications because all spins are aligned in the triplet state; both of spin alignment, which generates ferromagnetic property, and the lifetime of aligned spins are vital to spintronics. Stability, another important factor to spintron- ics and all other electronics, of organic material may also be enhanced by introducing the radical system. Pentacene, a conventional but air and light sensitive p-type or- ganic semiconductor is stabilized through the installation of two phenyl NN radicals at 6 and 13 carbons.12 Kawanaka et al. improved the photostability of pentacene as a result of radical-facilitated quick relaxation of the unstable excited electronic states of pentacene.12 Besides the effect of the change in geometric structure, photoexcitation-induced change of electronic structure also creates different spin properties.13 And the pres- ence of radical influences the spin geometry in excited states and may create spin- aligned states with prolonged lifetime. For a typical nonradical organic molecule with π-conjugated structure, an electron/spin on the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), is promoted to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), forming a singlet excited state (Figure 1.1). The excited molecule then returns to ground state through one of the three mechanisms, fluorescence, translational/vibrational relax- ation, a.k.a. internal conversion (IC)...
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