Dementia. Across the developing-country centres included in this study, the GMS was highly effective at discriminating between de- mentia cases and high-education controls, therefore the data presented here are entirely consistent with earlier reports of the satisfactory validity of GMS/AGECAT when used in well-educated developed- country populations (Xxxxxxxxxx et al, 1990; Xxxxxxxxxx et al, 1993). It was in this context that the GMS was first developed and the AGECAT algorithm calibrated. In the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS; 1998) the age-specific prevalence of GMS/ AGECAT organicity was very similar to that consistently reported from other major European and North American population- based surveys. In developing countries the GMS is a useful adjunct to dementia diagnosis. Our earlier analyses have demonstrated that it adds to the discriminating power of an algorithm, including informant report of decline in cognitive and functional ability (from the CSI–D) and cognitive testing (from the CSI–D and the CERAD ten-word list learning test) (Xxxxxx et al, 2003). More detailed findings presented here underline a tendency for the GMS to overdiagnose 4 3 2 VA L ID I T Y OF THE G M S Table 2 Discriminability by region of the Geriatric Mental State (GMS) organicity items dementia in low-education groups in some but not all centres, and for a relative insen- Item Dementia Depression High education Low education sitivity to the presence of dementia in others. Given that the items contributing Date of birth incorrect India 54 36 7 41 LAC 47 5 1 2 Age incorrect India 45 14 2 15 LAC 47 5 1 2 Discrepancy between date of birth and age LAC 49 8 1 4 One or more of above India 64 54 8 50 China 61 6 0 3 LAC 61 11 1 6 Day of week incorrect India 8 2 0 1 China 41 1 0 0 LAC 30 5 1 1 Month incorrect India 35 6 1 4 China 43 2 0 0 LAC 49 6 1 1 Year incorrect India 40 11 1 9 China 52 5 1 9 LAC 54 8 1 4 Address incorrect India 44 11 1 5 China 28 1 0 1 LAC 49 5 2 6 Claimed to have seen interviewer before LAC 30 2 1 3 Did not recall interviewer’s name India 81 31 6 12 China 79 29 8 39 LAC 67 28 7 19 Did not recall country’s leader India 85 39 12 32 LAC 54 18 5 12 Did not recall country’s past leader India 90 50 15 41 LAC 65 38 18 27 Interviewer’s opinion Participant has difficulty with memory
Dementia. 2.1.1 In line with the Wolverhampton Joint Dementia Strategy 2019-24 the BCF Dementia work stream has the remit to implement/deliver the elements of the Dementia strategy.
Dementia. Alzheimer's means a neurological diagnosis that includes loss of memory, language, problem-solving and other thinking abilities that are severe enough to interfere with daily life. (See, e.g., xxxxx://xxx.xxx.xxx/alzheimers- dementia/what-is-dementia)
Dementia. Dementia is ‘a general term for a range of progressive organic brain diseases that are characterised by problems of short-term memory and other cognitive deficits’ (Xxxxxx, 2012). A variety of different disease processes and/or clinical presentations characterise dementia including Alzheimer's Disease, Lewy-body dementia, fronto-temporal dementia, Xxxxxxxxx’x disease, HIV-related dementia and vascular dementia (Xxxxxx, 2012). Some types of dementia such as fronto-temporal variants tend to have an average age of onset before 65 years (Snowden, Neary, & Xxxx, 2002). However, most forms of dementia show increased prevalence in older adults, with age being the main risk factor (Xxxxxx, 2012). The type of behaviours exhibited by those with a diagnosis of dementia will vary according to individual characteristics, environmental triggers, internal states and the underlying disease process including the disease stage. This means those caring for people with dementia may be attempting to cope with a variety of different symptoms that may also change over time. For instance, people with a diagnosis of Lewy-body dementia are more likely to suffer from hallucinations and delusions, which also occur in people with hearing or visual difficulties, or as a result of a delirium. Apathy, or lack of motivation, on the other hand, is more common in those whose frontal lobe is impacted by dementia. Other difficult behaviours that occur in dementia can include aggression, wandering, incontinence, sleep disruption, nutrition difficulties, depression, agitation and anxiety. Those that care for people with dementia may need psychoeducation as to the nature of dementia, support in managing challenging behaviours, and in developing awareness of the impact that caring has on them as individuals and how to cope with those effects.
Dementia. It is well-known that caregiver stress is high amongst those caring for people with a diagnosis of dementia (Donaldson, Xxxxxxx, & Xxxxx, 1998). Evidence suggests that, in the case of dementia, such stress is alleviated by residential placement, which indicates that the day to day demands of caring impact on carer wellbeing (Xxxxxxx, Mittelman, Hepburn, & Newcomer, 2010). It is of note that the gold standard measure of carer burden, the Xxxxx Xxxxxx Interview, was developed for those who care for people with a diagnosis of dementia (Xxxxx, Xxxxxx, & Xxxx-Xxxxxxxx, 1980). Predictors of caregiver burden in carers of those with dementia include disease-related process such as decline as measured by success in activities of daily living (ADLS), followed by social-demographic factors such as older age older and female gender, and caregiving related factors such as number of co-helpers and number of hours spent caring (Xxx et al., 2011). The importance of interventions that focus on the functioning of the care recipient in improving caregiver stress, alongside interventions for the caregiver, have also been highlighted (Xxx et al., 2011). Similarly, a meta-analysis of non- pharmacological interventions, for both carers and patients with dementia, found that multicomponent support programs can lead to delay in patient institutionalisation (Spijiker et al., 2008). In terms of caregiver interventions, a single-blind randomised control trial of a 14 session cognitive-behavioural family intervention for caregivers of people of Alzheimer's disease found reductions in carer distress and depression and patient behavioural disturbance at 3 months follow up (Marriott, Donaldson, Xxxxxxx, & Xxxxx, 2000). This intervention focussed on carer education, carer coping skills and stress management drawing on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) techniques. Dysfunctional coping strategies have since been found to be associated anxiety in those caring for people with Alzheimer's disease (Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx, & Xxxxxxxxxx, 2006). More robust evidence comes from a meta-analysis of 30 studies detailing psychosocial interventions for caregivers of people with dementia which found modest but significant effects for reductions in psychological distress and morbidity in caregivers, and positive change on measures of coping skills and social support (Xxxxxxx, Xxxxx, & Xxxxxxxx, 2003). A larger meta-analysis of 127 intervention studies with dementia caregivers found that CBT improves car...
Dementia. The requirements for providing the Services to a Service User with Dementia shall incorporate the following: Aim - To ensure Service Users who have dementia attain and maintain their optimum level of health and independence.
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Dementia. Dementia" means the loss of cognitive function, including the ability to think, remember, problem solve, or reason, of sufficient severity to interfere with an individual's daily functioning. Dementia is caused by different diseases and conditions, including but not limited to Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, neurodegenerative conditions, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and Huntington's disease.
Dementia trained staff. "Dementia-trained staff" means any employee who has completed the minimum training required under sections 144G.64 and 144G.83 and has demonstrated knowledge and the ability to support individuals with dementia.
Dementia. 7.1 The Provider will take an asset, rather than deficits, approach to maintain the Service User’s resilience, understand the Service User’s cognitive abilities and difficulties, so that Care and Support Plan can build on strengths and promote independence and resilience.
