Affect Clause Samples

Affect. In order to examine the potential emotional responses of individuals to hydrogen fuel cell cars, respondents were asked to what extent the technology, as presented in the information fact- sheet, evoked the following feelings: worry, aversion, hope and interest. The majority of respondents in the seven studied populations report feelings of interest and hope regarding FCEVs. Specifically, 61% of respondents in the total sample report feeling inter- est and 56% “somewhat” or “very much” hope. Only around 13% report feeling “somewhat” or “very much” worry, and 9% report feeling aversion. Figure 35 presents the average score for the total sample in each of the four affects. 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 Interest Aversion

Affect. ‌ As explained above, the main question of this thesis concerns how changes in affect are associated with changes in auditory perception. To understand this question it is important to understand what we mean by affect and by auditory perception. This section will therefore explore the definition of the term affect, how it is understood from the viewpoint of different theories and how affective states can be differentiated and measured. This section will end with a discussion of the different types of affect that feature in the empirical chapters.

Affect. Affect is a concept which has stimulated significant academic debate within the social sciences. Affect is defined as being beyond cognition and representation, and deemed to be the non- cognitive, pre-cognitive or non-conscious which occurs prior to the representational translation of an affect into a conscious emotion (Pile 2010; 2011). Thus, it is stated that affect is separate from emotion as affects cannot be grasped, made known or represented, in contrast with emotions which can be represented and explained (Pile, 2010). However, ▇▇▇▇ (2010) also states that emotional geographies and affectual geographies share common ground as both approaches are inspired by phenomenology. Although, emotional geographies are seen to focus on conscious emotions and feelings, and examine how people interconnect and associate these emotions with places and actors. Furthermore, these emotions and emotional geographies can be clearly identified, explained, and represented, whereas affectual geographies study the non- cognitive, pre-cognitive or non-conscious which occurs prior to the representational translation of an affect into a conscious emotion (Pile, 2010; 2011). Thus, in contrast to emotions, affect is difficult, if not impossible, to define, explain and represent. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ (2006) state that a theory of affect and emotion must engage with the material world and focus on our interlinkages, attachments and interactions with the object, physical world. Thus, affect theory must not sit in the ether as detached and uninterpretable. ▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. (2006) add to this discussion by examining affect as a tool which can be utilised by people in order to navigate the physical world, stating that affect is an integral component in the process of decision-making which informs people and shapes their negotiations and experiences of everyday life. ▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. (2006) analyse affect in the context of health communications and the construction of health preferences and decision-making, and state that affect can motivate action and aid the processing of information in this regard. This is particularly the case in relation to healthcare-related preferences and decision making as affect can aid decision-makers’ absorption and processing of information, therefore facilitating decision-making concerning choosing a treatment, determining which clinic to attend, or deciding whether to continue or cease treatment (▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2006). As affect is a key element of decision-mak...

Affect. Neurosci. 13, 525–534 (2018). 161. ▇▇▇▇▇, R. J. R., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇. Neuro-cognitive system dysfunction and symptom sets: a review of fMRI studies in youth with conduct problems. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 91, 69–90 (2018). 162. ▇▇▇▇▇, S. F. et al. Disrupted expected value and prediction error signaling in youths with disruptive behavior disorders during a passive avoidance task. Am. J. Psychiatry 170, 315–323 (2013).

Affect. A statistically significant positive association was found between waitlist patient and chaplain speech in the following LIWC categories: positive emotions (r= .25, p < .05), anxiety (r= .38, p < .05), and anger (r= .44, p < .44). Results suggest there was a statistically significantly association between intervention patient and chaplain speech in the following LIWC categories: affect (r= .27 p < .05), positive (r= .34, p < .05), negative (r= .64, p < .05), and anxiety (r= .29, p

Affect. The University of Wales Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) (Appendix III) was used to assess affect (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 1990). The UMACL is sensitive to change in the three major dimensions of affect: Hedonic Tone (pleasure–displeasure); Energetic Arousal (awake–tiredness); and Tense Arousal (tension–relaxation). On each dimension, participants rated their level of agreement with four positive and four negative adjectives. Scores within each dimension were summed to give a value between -12 and 12, as described previously (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2009).