Conclusions Clausole campione

Conclusions. In FH-patients the development of atherosclerosis is accelerated despite intensive lipid-lowering treatment. To obtain a further reduction of atherosclerosis burden an earlier onset as well as a more aggressive therapy is highly advisable.

Conclusions. In this work, we started by studying what the blockchain phenomenon is, trying to understand why this technology has received such a hype in the media and what can it really achieve. However, we wanted to look for a solid application or use case that could benefit from this tech and not just from its hype. As we peered deeper into the papers that described the main technical features of distributed ledgers and gained insights on their limits, we discovered the Ethereum blockchain project and our attention was then captured by the concepts conveyed with its vision. We covered a lot of ground in the Ethereum blockchain development and assessed wherever possible, all the features and innovations proposed by it focusing on Smart Contracts. The Ethereum team is making a great work into delivering a next-generation tool that has enabled an innovative tech such as blockchain to better integrate with everyday life and necessities. Whereas Bitcoin and the other altcoins provided a “dark” and cloudy way to financially-achieve just an end, Ethereum managed to create a decentralized mean to use policies and code into a more comprehensive system that has a great potential. Some questions do remain: will a killer-Ðapp be found ever? The rise of other Ethereum-like projects may have more success than Ethereum? Bitcoin could significantly update its structure and become more capable? These are all good points to think on, but as long as the Ethereum community carries on with development, keeps their goals clear and their mind open the maturity of the whole project will be just a matter of time. People must understand what this technology is really about and what are the correct use cases that can lever its features and not just use it for everything that comes by. We saw throughout this work that the importance of the platform in being a common ground (a global computer) where new applications and ideas can grow on, with the ability to interact with each other relying on a networked set of peers that can transfer even money value and currencies. This degree and freedom and flexibility has only be seen in the past with the invention of the World Wide Web and its HTTP protocol in 1980, and that was too an attempt to decentralize a set of services that were before only created specifically ad-hoc. Like for any distributed technology that has been invented and deployed (Peer-to-Peer alike), some time is required to reach its full functional state and potential. The paradigm s...

Conclusions. The introduction of spinopelvic relationships in the setting of THR is a highly discussed topic in recent literature, the importance of which is now well recognized, especially in patients with pathological alterations of pelvic alignment or with limitations/rigidity of spinopelvic movements. Specific diagnostic and therapeutic pathways have indeed altered the clinical practice of hip prosthesis surgeons, allowing for the reduction of adverse events such as dislocations, instability, and impingement. The interplay between spinal and hip anatomy has garnered substantial scholarly interest, enabling a comprehensive exploration of key aspects and clinical challenges in recent years. Although significant advances have been made in resolving many of these issues, complexities remain, particularly regarding possible therapeutic approach. Moreover, the field is marked by a notable absence of standardized objectives, terminology, and data presentation, which complicates systematic problem-solving. Existing clinical guidelines frequently fall short in providing actionable guidance, often lacking a straightforward and unambiguous approach to addressing these concerns. The current research offers a methodologically rigorous and replicable experimental framework marked by both robustness and high fidelity to anatomical and biomechanical realities. Initial findings not only substantiate the credibility of the simulation settings but also commend the clarity and efficacy with which the data have been extracted and presented. Upon examining the outcomes correlated with three distinct orientations of the pelvic structure, the study underscores the pivotal role that sagittal alignment of the pelvis plays in preserving the stability of prosthetic joints. Upon examining the outcomes correlated with three distinct orientations of the pelvic structure, the study underscores the pivotal role that sagittal alignment of the pelvis plays in preserving the stability of prosthetic joints. In the present study it was discerned that a pelvic orientation in anteversion registered impingement in a greater number of movements and presented an overall reduced range of motion, thus marking itself as the most susceptible to instability and dislocation events. On the contrary, a neutral pelvic alignment demonstrated a reduced number of impingement and higher range of motion, denoting it as the least prone to impingement, instability and dislocating events. Implant-on-bone impingements were p...

Conclusions. The discrete version of the shakedown load multiplier problem is addressed using the statical approach of the classical shakedown theory, but treated in the language of the SGBEM. A first subdivision into MEs is performed in order to deal with bodies made of by piecewise homogeneous materials. For each ME an appropriate boundary discretization by BEs with the introduction of the boundary unknowns and a field discretization by CEs with the consequent approximation of the material plastic yield laws appropriately interpolated are performed. The constitutive model of the CEs is enforced in a weak sense and is expressed in terms of generalized quantities. An important aspect of the SGBEM analysis using the macroelement strategy con- cerns the nonlinear process when it regards a limited zone at the body; in this case a condensation of variables reduces the unknowns regarding the ME, a locus of nonlinear phenomena, i.e. the boundary quantities and the generalized plastic strains of the CEs, giving a very simple analysis problem.

Conclusions. The results of the tests performed showed that the two paralleled IGCTs have always turned- on contemporaneously with an applied voltage across them of at least 1.5 V. The current unbalance between the two paralleled IGCT has never exceeded 10% of the current value. The reliability of the simultaneous turning-on of paralleled IGCTs has been demonstrated in repetitive pulses with applied voltages of 5 and 7.2 V and initial current values in the IGCTs of 300 and 450 A respectively. These voltage values are certainly lower than the arc voltage of the bypass switch which is applied to the IGCTs in the hybrid circuit breaker proposed for the JT60SA Quench Protection System, therefore these tests prove the feasibility of this design solution as far as the issue related to the safe turn-on of the IGCTs in parallel is concerned.

Conclusions. The objective of this thesis project was to create composite nanomaterials by incorporating zinc oxide into a polymer matrix. Zinc oxide was selected because it possesses versatile properties, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. Polymeric materials were chosen for their convenience and ease of handling and production. The initial phase of the research focused on the synthesis of ZnO through a chemical and a biological approach. For both methods, we used three types of precursors: zinc nitrate, zinc acetate, and zinc chloride. Our exploration of chemical synthesis involved examining the impact of three types of radiation - white light, blue light, and red light - on the chemical and physical characteristics of the material, ultimately improving its photocatalytic properties when red light and the precursor zinc chloride were used. Similarly, in the field of biological synthesis, we investigated how the chemical-physical properties and photocatalytic capabilities of the material could be improved by using S. cerevisiae cell-free extract alone or a combination of this element and white light irradiation. XRD, ATR-FTIR, UV-Visible, and SEM approaches were used to characterize the obtained materials, and their photocatalytic properties were evaluated by studying the degradation of methylene blue.

Conclusions. After having analyzed in depth the Italian legislative framework and the specific policies to combat Violence against Women (VAW) adopted by the government, it is possible to provide an answer to my research question by concluding that the measures taken by Italy in the last ten years have been insufficient and inefficient. Surely, the ratification of the Istanbul Convention led the Italian government to a major commitment in eradicating the phenomenon and, considering the last decade, the country has undeniably taken some steps forward. Nevertheless, the Italian patriarchal culture, which constitutes the main cause of gender-based violence, has not been uprooted yet. After all we could expect a similar result; as demonstrated by the analysis of post- 1995 laws, Italy has combated VAW relying almost exclusively on criminal prosecution. Obviously it is important to define an adequate system of measures which regulates the punishment of perpetrators, however it represents only one of the four pillars on which the Istanbul Convention is based. Consequently, it is necessary to concentrate also on prevention, protection and co-ordinated policies. Only in this way, it will be possible to eliminate any existing power disparities between women and men. In other words, male violence against women is a cultural fact and therefore it cannot be combated by using the sole criminal procedures. Beside the problematic criminal law approach, there are other shortcomings in the Italian policies contrasting VAW. Precisely, public politics lack proper evaluation instruments; indeed, during the policy-making process the evaluation phase continue to be overlook. Consequently to the cooperation agreement between the DPO and the CNR-IRPPS signed in 2017 that led to the definition of the Viva project, we finally obtained the first assessment of a National Action Plan. It is absurd that the previous NAPs did not contain any instruments or even any reference to the appraisal of implementation processes, achievements and results. Without knowing if the actions implemented had or not an impact there is the extremely high risk to propose ineffective interventions and policies again. For this reason, the drafting of a new NAP should take into account both failings and accomplishments of the preceding plans in order to include in it only successful actions.

Conclusions. This chapter has explored the influence of the economic context on party- policy linkage through an analysis of novel data on the fulfilment of 2,412 electoral promises in Italy (1996-2018). Looking at election pledges for as- sessing parties’ policy preferences is argued to capture changes in partisan preferences as well as the actual transposition of these preferences into con- crete policy outputs. With respect to the issues, this study empirically demon- strates that - although an economic crisis severely affects the policymaking process - office-holders do preserve some room for partisan manoeuvre for im- plementing their preferred policies in the socio-economic sector. In times of economic slowdown, electoral considerations pressure parties to put economic and social policies at the forefront of the government agenda. As soon as the economy starts growing, these ‘materialistic’ concerns give way to other policy issues. These findings complement those of previous studies positing voters’ and parties’ increased attention to the social and economic domains in times of crisis (▇▇▇▇▇▇ 2018; ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇ 2018; Singer 2013; ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ 2016): in addition to talking more about socio-economic problems, governing parties are more likely to prioritise the concrete adoption of their so- cio-economic policy preferences as well. Consistent with partisan theories (▇▇▇▇▇ 1992; ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ 2001), empirical evidence in the Italian case shows that parties and partisan ideological preferences continue to matter in the policymaking process even during economic recessions. Additionally, these findings highlight the relevance of government’s responsiveness in policy production. The prioritisation of policies appears to be largely consistent with the salience voters attach to the different policy domains. Another important finding emerges from the analysis of party family dif- ferences in pledge fulfilment. As stressed in the theoretical section, the way in which governments act during a recession period is contingent on the combina- tion of their political affiliation and the issue of the policy proposals. Left- leaning governments’ autonomy is heavily curtailed in times of crisis. Never- theless, they appear to be able to mobilise the discretionary power they have left for realising their policy preferences related to the welfare state. It is im- portant to note that this surprising finding does not contradict previous studies, which underline le...

Conclusions. The aim of this study was to investigate how the economic performance of a country affects the policymaking process and how macroeconomic conditions interact with partisan ideologies and parties’ capacities in shaping policies. A focus on constraints exerted by the economic context on partisan policymaking is of crucial importance especially today, in a period when the global economy is becoming increasingly interconnected and European countries have dealt with (and some are still dealing with) a severe economic crisis. To this end, the Italian case (1996-2018) provides a particularly relevant case study. The main results show that parties still play a paramount role in policy production in Italy. Even though in some cases economic circumstances have dictated policy choices and hindered partisan scope for action, a quite im- portant percentage of electoral engagements are kept. Berlusconi IV govern- ment, for instance, has been able to realise 47.3% of the coalition promises dur- ing the mandate despite the onset of a severe economic and financial crisis in 2007-2008. Legislatures during which the national economy experienced wors- ening economic conditions (2001-2006) or when the recession was far from over (2013-2018) correspond to the ones with the higher fulfilment rates. These results show that economic growth alone has not a clear and direct effect on partisan-driven policies. Its effect is only significant if mediated by other ▇▇▇▇- ▇▇▇▇▇, such as the type of the pledge or the party family. The policymaking process and the relation between partisan politics and the economy are there- fore more complex than usually depicted. This study contributes to the existing literature by suggesting that the eco- nomic situation of a country has a multidimensional effect on parties and parti- san preferences which cannot be merely narrowed down to financial con- straints. Firstly, my findings indicate a noteworthy positive effect of economic growth on the implementation of expansionary policies. Italian parties in office are highly affected by the economic situation of the country in their capacities and incentives to adopt policies that need a consistent allocation of public funds. And this is particularly true for centre-left parties. Secondly, according to the party family, partisan actors behave differently (and feel compelled to behave differently) under different economic times since they receive different pressures and may therefore adopt diverging strate...