This Joint Filing Agreement confirms the agreement by and among the
undersigned that the Schedule 13G is filed on behalf of (i) each member of the
group identified in Item 8 and (ii) the other reporting person(s) identified in
Item 6 that may be deemed to beneficially own more than five percent of the
issuer's outstanding equity securities.
▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ Capital Management, Inc.
By__/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. Bowden_____________________
▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇, Senior Vice President
LMM LLC
By__/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Murphy_______________________
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, Chief Operations Officer
▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ Value Trust, Inc.
By__/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. Merz_______________________
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇, Vice President
