JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

                                                                       EXHIBIT 1

                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

        The undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the Schedule 13G to
which this Agreement is attached.

Dated: January 26, 2005

                                    ARTISAN INVESTMENT CORPORATION
                                    for itself and as general partner of
                                    ARTISAN PARTNERS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

                                    By: ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇*
                                        ----------------------------------------

                                    ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇

                                    ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇*
                                    --------------------------------------------

                                    ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇

                                    ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇*
                                    --------------------------------------------


                                   *By: /s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                        ----------------------------------------
                                        ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                        Chief Financial Officer of Artisan
                                        Investment Corporation
                                        Attorney-in-Fact for ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                        Attorney-in-Fact for ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                        ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇

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