EXHIBIT I
JOINT FILING AGREEMENT
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Each of the undersigned hereby agrees that the
Schedule 13G filed herewith is filed jointly, pursuant to
Rule 13d-1(f)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended on behalf of each of them.
Dated: February 16, 1999
The Equitable Companies Incorporated
BY: /s/ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
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▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
Senior Vice President
and Controller
AXA Assurances I.A.R.D. Mutuelle; AXA Assurances Vie Mutuelle;
AXA Conseil Vie Assurance Mutuelle; AXA Courtage Assurance
Mutuelle, as a group, and AXA
Signed on behalf of each of the above entities
BY: /s/ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
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▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
Attorney-in-Fact
(Executed pursuant to Powers of Attorney)
Exhibit 1
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENT that I, ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, hereby
constitute and appoint ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, from the date hereof until such time
as this Power of Attorney is revoked in writing, to act as my true and lawful
agent and attorney-in-fact, in my name and on my behalf to execute, consent
to, swear to, acknowledge, file, amend and/or modify and deliver one or more
filings on Schedule 13-G and any and all subsequent filings made by or on
behalf of the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Securities
Act and/or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this power of attorney
this 16th day of February 1999.
▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
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POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENT that DLJ CAPITAL INVESTORS, INC., a
Delaware corporation (the "Company"), hereby constitutes and appoints ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇.
▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, from the date hereof until such time as this Power of Attorney is
revoked in writing, to act as its true and lawful agent and attorney-
in-fact with full power and authority, in the name of and on behalf of the
Company to execute, consent to, swear to, acknowledge, file, amend and/or
modify and deliver one or more filings on Schedule 13-G and any and all
subsequent filings made by or on behalf of the Securities and Exchange
Commission pursuant to the Securities Act and/or the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this power of attorney
this 16th day of February 1999.
DLJ CAPITAL INVESTORS, INC.
/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇
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by: ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇/Corporate Secretary
