VERTICAL INTEGRATION Sample Clauses

VERTICAL INTEGRATION. Colleges
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VERTICAL INTEGRATION. Vertical Integration is coordination between firms within a specific business processes whereas a coordination needs investments, internal integration is a coordination between departments within a specific business processes. Researchers have commented that a vertical integration in the tourism industry has led to several benefits such as to decrease transaction cost, market to best destinations and gain market power (Bull 1995, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ 1997). For example, a Thomson Travel Group in the United Kingdom and TUI, a European market leader and the world‟s largest tourism company manages, 81 brands, owns 3700 incoming agencies,285 hotels and resorts,operates 88 air planes, and manages the Mediterranean region.(Theuvsen 2004). SC information tools (link in software such as ERP or EDI are useful to collect, analyze, and exchange of information. A SCM integration could possibly assist a tour operator to respond quickly to tourist needs, lower costs, improve quality of services and adding more value e.g. establish shopping centre near the destinations and providing healthcare services and insurance to tourists especially during the agile market (Cigolini et al. 2004). The core competencies and goals among the SC partners in a tourism industry are quite different, for instance, ensuring a high quality to the overall SC network needs very different objectives. High quality for airlines business means safety, avoid cancellations of flight and avoid delays, whereas in hotels high quality means to offers good food, friendly staffs, and good facilities. Therefore, a successful tour operator will be one who‟s is willing to share common core competencies and goals with hotels and airlines (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ 1998). Moreover, the SC partners on tourism can be agree to improve infrastructure in the operating destinations, for example, by building a new hotel near the national parks and develop the airfield at the destinations they are operating. Due to safeguard a tour operator and airline could go for long term contract and investment in new hotel and develop air field at the parks. Trust among partners could lead to avoided conflicts, because, all partners can agree on the same goals. Thus, coordination among the SC partners in a tourism business (airlines, hotels, tour operators, travel agents and car hires) is significantly for constructing a competitive advantage in a tourism industry and enhanced the coordination between SC partners (▇▇▇▇▇ and ▇▇▇▇▇▇ 1992). This chap...
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Related to VERTICAL INTEGRATION

  • Technical Interfaces 3.2.6.1 The Interconnection facilities provided by each Party shall be formatted using either Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) line code with Superframe format framing or Bipolar 8-Zero Substitution with Extended Superframe (B8ZS ESF) format framing or any mutually agreeable line coding and framing.

  • Loop Provisioning Involving Integrated Digital Loop Carriers 2.6.1 Where Freedom has requested an Unbundled Loop and BellSouth uses IDLC systems to provide the local service to the End User and BellSouth has a suitable alternate facility available, BellSouth will make such alternative facilities available to Freedom. If a suitable alternative facility is not available, then to the extent it is technically feasible, BellSouth will implement one of the following alternative arrangements for Freedom (e.g. hairpinning): 1. Roll the circuit(s) from the IDLC to any spare copper that exists to the customer premises. 2. Roll the circuit(s) from the IDLC to an existing DLC that is not integrated. 3. If capacity exists, provide "side-door" porting through the switch. 4. If capacity exists, provide "Digital Access Cross Connect System (DACS)- door" porting (if the IDLC routes through a DACS prior to integration into the switch). 2.6.2 Arrangements 3 and 4 above require the use of a designed circuit. Therefore, non- designed Loops such as the SL1 voice grade and UCL-ND may not be ordered in these cases. 2.6.3 If no alternate facility is available, and upon request from Freedom, and if agreed to by both Parties, BellSouth may utilize its Special Construction (SC) process to determine the additional costs required to provision facilities. Freedom will then have the option of paying the one-time SC rates to place the Loop.

  • Integration The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of the rules and regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require shareholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless shareholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.

  • Interfaces GTE provides the CLECs with choices for access to OSS pre-ordering, ordering, maintenance and repair systems. Availability of the interfaces is fundamental to the CLEC being able to effectively do business with GTE. Additionally, in many instances, CLEC personnel must work with the service personnel of GTE. Measurements in this category assess the availability to the CLECs of systems and personnel at GTE work centers.

  • Firmware 7.1 The Supplier must deliver the equipment, Goods or hardware equipped with all the firmware required to use all the Goods or hardware’s functions. Any software embedded in the equipment, Goods or hardware, including the firmware, is provided to the Local Government with a license to use this software, with all license costs and royalties being included in the Fee Schedule (Schedule C). All firmware will be the most recent version available at the time of shipping.