Common use of Variance Estimation Clause in Contracts

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for MEPS estimates, analysts need to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentation. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance strata variable is named VARSTR, while the variance PSU variable is named VARPSU. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a computer software package, such as SUDAAN, provides standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally distributed throughout the country (and thus the sample PSUs), one can expect at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimates of variance and usually substantially more. Prior to 2002, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the year. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with MEPS data associated with the NHIS sample design used through 2006. Such data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for variance estimation purposes for use with MEPS Panel 12 and subsequent MEPS panels. There were 165 variance strata associated with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs.

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for MEPS estimates, analysts need to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this point-in-time file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentation. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance variables VARSTR and VARPSU on this MEPS data file serve to identify the sampling strata variable is named VARSTR, while and primary sampling units required by the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUestimation programs. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a one of the previously mentioned computer software package, such as SUDAAN, provides packages will provide estimated standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally variables of interest distributed throughout the country (and thus the MEPS sample PSUs), one can generally expect to have at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimated standard errors for national estimates of variance and usually substantially morebased on this MEPS database. Prior to 2002Initially, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the yearrounds. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with all future PUF until the NHIS design changed. As discussed, this change took place in 2006, effectively changing the MEPS design beginning with calendar year 2007, where Panel 12 was based on the new NHIS design while Panel 11 was based on the old one. Thus, in order to make the pooling of data across multiple years of MEPS more straightforward, the numbering system for the variance strata has changed. Those strata associated with the NHIS sample new design used through 2006will have four digit values while those associated with the old design will have three digit values. Such For the 2007 PIT data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new temporary set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for variance estimation purposes were developed for use with MEPS Panel 12 data collected under the new NHIS sample design. The current set of variance strata and PSUs were re-established for the 2008 PIT data, and have been carried over to the subsequent MEPS panelsPIT files including the PIT 2010 dataset. There were Specifically, 165 variance estimation strata associated were created, each stratum with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs. These have been numbered 1001- 1165 for the 2010 PIT file. Beginning with the 2002 PIT data base 203 variance strata were formed for use in developing variance estimates for all subsequent years and data bases under the old design. These were numbered 1-203. For data analyses where data pooling across calendar years is limited to 2002 and later, the numbering of the variance strata and variance PSUs now permits this with no further actions needed. If pooled analyses involve data in calendar years earlier than 2002, a pooled linkage file has been created to permit assignment of variance strata and PSU values for any person sampled under the old NHIS sample design (the one used for the NHIS from 1995-2005, and thus associated with MEPS samples for MEPS Panels 1-11). This person-level file contains variance stratum and PSU variables for all respondents participating in MEPS, along with the standard MEPS person ID variables for linking to other MEPS files. This one file contains records for each person who is on any of the MEPS full-year consolidated files. It is found on PUF Number HC-036. (A Balanced Repeated Replicate or BRR version of this file is also available. See PUF Number HC- 036BRR.)

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for estimates based on MEPS estimatessurvey data, analysts need one needs to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replicationMEPS. Various software packages provide analysts with approaches can be used to develop such estimates of variance including use of the capability of implementing these Xxxxxx series or various replication methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS 1997 data. Instead, the variables Variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on implement a Xxxxxx series estimation approach are described in the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentationparagraph below. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization methoda Xxxxxx Series approach, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance strata variable is named VARSTRcorresponding variables on the MEPS full year utilization database are VARSTR97 and VARPSU97, while the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUrespectively. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a computer software package, package such as SUDAANSUDAAN (Xxxx, provides 1996) should provide standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally distributed throughout the country (and thus the sample PSUs), one can expect at least there are over 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimates of variance. The following illustrates these concepts using two examples from Section 4.2. Example 2 from Section 4.2 Using a Xxxxxx Series approach, specifying VARSTR97 and VARPSU97 as the variance and usually substantially more. Prior to 2002, MEPS variance estimation strata and PSUs were developed independently (within these strata) respectively and specifying a “with replacement” design in the computer software package SUDAAN will yield an estimate of standard error of $23.08 for the estimated mean of out-of-pocket payment. Example 3 from year to yearsection 4.2 Using a Xxxxxx Series approach, specifying VARSTR97 and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the year. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, VARPSU97 as the variance estimation strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible (within these strata) respectively and specifying a “with MEPS data associated with the NHIS sample replacement” design used through 2006. Such data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new set computer software package SUDAAN will yield an estimate of variance strata and PSUs have been established standard error of 0.0132 for variance estimation purposes for use with MEPS Panel 12 and subsequent MEPS panels. There were 165 variance strata associated with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number the weighted mean proportion of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUstotal expenditures paid by private insurance.

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for MEPS estimates, analysts need to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- family-level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentation. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance variables VARSTR and VARPSU on this MEPS data file serve to identify the sampling strata variable is named VARSTR, while and primary sampling units required by the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUestimation programs. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a one of the previously mentioned computer software package, such as SUDAAN, provides packages will provide estimated standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally variables of interest distributed throughout the country (and thus the MEPS sample PSUs), one can generally expect to have at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimated standard errors for national estimates of variance and usually substantially morebased on this MEPS database. Prior to 2002, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the year. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with MEPS data associated with all future PUFs until the NHIS sample design used changed. Thus, when pooling data across years 2002 through 2006. Such data can be pooled and the Panel 12 component of the 2007 files, the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result There were 203 variance estimation strata, each stratum with either two or three variance estimation PSUs. From Panel 12 of the change in the NHIS sample design in 20062007 files, a new set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for variance estimation purposes for use with MEPS Panel 12 and subsequent MEPS panelswere developed because of the introduction of a new NHIS design. There were are 165 variance strata associated with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs.PSUs per stratum, starting from Panel 12. Therefore, there are a total of 368 (203+165) variance strata in the 2007 Full Year file as it consists of two panels that were selected under two independent NHIS sample designs. Since both MEPS panels in the Full Year 2008 file and beyond are based on the new NHIS design, there are only 165 variance strata. These variance strata (VARSTR values) have been numbered from 1001 to 1165 so that they can be readily distinguished from those developed under the former NHIS sample design in the event that data are pooled for several years. If analyses call for pooling MEPS data across several years, in order to ensure that variance strata are identified appropriately for variance estimation purposes, one can proceed as follows:

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for estimates based on MEPS estimatessurvey data, analysts need one needs to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- family-level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed Various approaches can be used to develop such estimates of variance including a Xxxxxx Series method for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these variance estimation or various replication methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, We will describe the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentationimplement a Xxxxxx Series estimation approach. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization methoda Xxxxxx Series approach, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance variables VARSTR and VARPSU on this MEPS data file serve to identify the sampling strata variable is named VARSTR, while and primary sampling units required by the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUestimation programs. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a computer software package, package such as SUDAAN, provides SUDAAN should provide estimated standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally variables of interest distributed throughout the country (and thus the MEPS sample PSUs), one can generally expect to have at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimated standard errors for national estimates of variance and usually substantially morebased on this MEPS database. Prior to 2002In the past, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the yearrounds. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were have been developed to be compatible with MEPS all future PUFs. Thus, data associated with the NHIS sample design used through 2006. Such data from future years can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for There are 203 variance estimation purposes for use strata, each stratum with MEPS Panel 12 and subsequent MEPS panels. There were 165 variance strata associated with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs.

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for MEPS estimates, analysts need to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this point-in-time file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentation. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance variables VARSTR and VARPSU on this MEPS data file serve to identify the sampling strata variable is named VARSTR, while and primary sampling units required by the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUestimation programs. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a one of the previously mentioned computer software package, such as SUDAAN, provides packages will provide estimated standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally variables of interest distributed throughout the country (and thus the MEPS sample PSUs), one can generally expect to have at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimated standard errors for national estimates of variance and usually substantially morebased on this MEPS database. Prior to 2002, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the year. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with all future PUF until the NHIS design changed. As discussed, this change took place in 2006, effectively changing the MEPS design beginning with calendar year 2007, where Panel 12 was based on the new NHIS design while Panel 11 was based on the old one. Thus, in order to make the pooling of data across multiple years of MEPS more straightforward, the numbering system for the variance strata has changed. Those strata associated with the NHIS sample new design used through 2006will have four digit values while those associated with the old design will have three digit values. Such For the 2007 PIT data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new temporary set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for variance estimation purposes were developed for use with MEPS Panel 12 data collected under the new NHIS sample design. The current set of variance strata and PSUs were re-established for the 2008 PIT data, and have been carried over to the subsequent MEPS panelsPIT files including the PIT 2014 dataset. There were Specifically, 165 variance estimation strata associated were created, each stratum with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs. These have been numbered 1001- 1165 for the 2014 PIT file. Beginning with the 2002 PIT database, 203 variance strata were formed for use in developing variance estimates for all subsequent years and databases under the old design. These were numbered 1-203. For data analyses where data pooling across calendar years is limited to 2002 and later, the numbering of the variance strata and variance PSUs now permits this with no further actions needed. If pooled analyses involve data in calendar years earlier than 2002, a pooled linkage file has been created to permit assignment of variance strata and PSU values for any person sampled under the old NHIS sample design (the one used for the NHIS from 1995-2005, and thus associated with MEPS samples for MEPS Panels 1-11). This person-level file contains variance stratum and PSU variables for all respondents participating in MEPS, along with the standard MEPS person ID variables for linking to other MEPS files. This one file contains records for each person who is on any of the MEPS full-year consolidated files. It is found on PUF Number HC-036. (A Balanced Repeated Replicate or BRR version of this file is also available. See PUF Number HC- 036BRR.)

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for MEPS estimates, analysts need to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this point-in-time file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentation. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance variables VARSTR and VARPSU on this MEPS data file serve to identify the sampling strata variable is named VARSTR, while and primary sampling units required by the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUestimation programs. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a one of the previously mentioned computer software package, such as SUDAAN, provides packages will provide estimated standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally variables of interest distributed throughout the country (and thus the MEPS sample PSUs), one can generally expect to have at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimated standard errors for national estimates of variance and usually substantially morebased on this MEPS database. Prior to 2002, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the year. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with all future PUF until the NHIS design changed. As discussed, this change took place in 2006, effectively changing the MEPS design beginning with calendar year 2007, where Panel 12 was based on the new NHIS design while Panel 11 was based on the old one. Thus, in order to make the pooling of data across multiple years of MEPS more straightforward, the numbering system for the variance strata has changed. Those strata associated with the NHIS sample new design used through 2006will have four digit values while those associated with the old design will have three digit values. Such For the 2007 PIT data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new temporary set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for variance estimation purposes were developed for use with MEPS Panel 12 data collected under the new NHIS sample design. The current set of variance strata and PSUs were re-established for the 2008 PIT data, and have been carried over to the subsequent MEPS panelsPIT files including the PIT 2013 dataset. There were Specifically, 165 variance estimation strata associated were created, each stratum with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs. These have been numbered 1001- 1165 for the 2013 PIT file. Beginning with the 2002 PIT database, 203 variance strata were formed for use in developing variance estimates for all subsequent years and databases under the old design. These were numbered 1-203. For data analyses where data pooling across calendar years is limited to 2002 and later, the numbering of the variance strata and variance PSUs now permits this with no further actions needed. If pooled analyses involve data in calendar years earlier than 2002, a pooled linkage file has been created to permit assignment of variance strata and PSU values for any person sampled under the old NHIS sample design (the one used for the NHIS from 1995-2005, and thus associated with MEPS samples for MEPS Panels 1-11). This person-level file contains variance stratum and PSU variables for all respondents participating in MEPS, along with the standard MEPS person ID variables for linking to other MEPS files. This one file contains records for each person who is on any of the MEPS full-year consolidated files. It is found on PUF Number HC-036. (A Balanced Repeated Replicate or BRR version of this file is also available. See PUF Number HC- 036BRR.)

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for estimates based on MEPS estimatessurvey data, analysts need one needs to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- family-level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed Various approaches can be used to develop such estimates of variance including a Xxxxxx Series method for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these variance estimation or various replication methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, We will describe the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentationimplement a Xxxxxx Series estimation approach. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization methoda Xxxxxx Series approach, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance variables VARST13 and PSU13 on this MEPS data file serve to identify the sampling strata variable is named VARSTR, while and primary sampling units required by the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUestimation programs. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a computer software package, package such as SUDAAN, provides SUDAAN should provide estimated standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally variables of interest distributed throughout the country (and thus the MEPS sample PSUs), one can generally expect to have at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimated standard errors for national estimates of variance and usually substantially morebased on this MEPS database. Prior to 2002In the past, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the year. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were have been developed to be compatible with MEPS all future PUFs. Thus, data associated with the NHIS sample design used through 2006. Such data from future years can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for variance estimation purposes for use with MEPS Panel 12 and subsequent MEPS panels. There were 165 variance strata associated with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs.

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for MEPS estimates, analysts need to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this point-in-time file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentation. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance variables VARSTR and VARPSU on this MEPS data file serve to identify the sampling strata variable is named VARSTR, while and primary sampling units required by the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUestimation programs. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a one of the previously mentioned computer software package, such as SUDAAN, provides packages will provide estimated standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally variables of interest distributed throughout the country (and thus the MEPS sample PSUs), one can generally expect to have at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimated standard errors for national estimates of variance and usually substantially morebased on this MEPS database. Prior to 2002, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the year. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with all future PUFs until the NHIS design changed. As discussed, this change took place in 2006, effectively changing the MEPS design beginning with calendar year 2007, where Panel 12 was based on the new NHIS design while Panel 11 was based on the old one. Thus, in order to make the pooling of data across multiple years of MEPS more straightforward, the numbering system for the variance strata has changed. Those strata associated with the NHIS sample new design used through 2006will have four digit values while those associated with the old design will have three digit values. Such For the 2007 PIT data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new temporary set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for variance estimation purposes were developed for use with MEPS Panel 12 data collected under the new NHIS sample design. The current set of variance strata and PSUs were re-established for the 2008 PIT data, and have been carried over to the subsequent MEPS panelsPIT files including the PIT 2015 dataset. There were Specifically, 165 variance estimation strata associated were created, each stratum with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs. These have been numbered 1001- 1165 for the 2015 PIT file. Beginning with the 2002 PIT database, 203 variance strata were formed for use in developing variance estimates for all subsequent years and databases under the old design. These were numbered 1-203. For data analyses where data pooling across calendar years is limited to 2002 and later, the numbering of the variance strata and variance PSUs now permits this with no further actions needed. If pooled analyses involve data in calendar years earlier than 2002, a pooled linkage file has been created to permit assignment of variance strata and PSU values for any person sampled under the old NHIS sample design (the one used for the NHIS from 1995-2005, and thus associated with MEPS samples for MEPS Panels 1-11). This person-level file contains variance stratum and PSU variables for all respondents participating in MEPS, along with the standard MEPS person ID variables for linking to other MEPS files. This one file contains records for each person who is on any of the MEPS full-year consolidated files. It is found on PUF Number HC-036. (A Balanced Repeated Replicate or BRR version of this file is also available. See PUF Number HC- 036BRR.)

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for MEPS estimates, analysts need to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentation. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance strata variable is named VARSTR, while the variance PSU variable is named VARPSU. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a computer software package, such as SUDAAN, provides standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally distributed throughout the country (and thus the sample PSUs), one can expect at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimates of variance and usually substantially more. Prior to 2002, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the year. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with MEPS data associated with the NHIS sample design used through 2006. Such data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for variance estimation purposes for use with MEPS Panel 12 and subsequent MEPS panels. There were 165 variance strata associated with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, 14 providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs.

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for estimates based on MEPS estimatessurvey data, analysts need one needs to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replicationMEPS. Various software packages provide analysts with approaches can be used to develop such estimates of variance including use of the capability of implementing these Xxxxxx series or various replication methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS 1997 data. Instead, the variables Variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on implement a Xxxxxx series estimation approach are described in the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentationparagraph below. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization methoda Xxxxxx Series approach, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance strata variable is named VARSTRcorresponding variables on the MEPS full year utilization database are VARSTR97 and VARPSU97, while the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUrespectively. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a computer software package, package such as SUDAANSUDAAN (Xxxx, provides 1996) should provide standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally distributed throughout the country (and thus the sample PSUs), one can expect at least there are over 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimates of variance. The following illustrates these concepts using two examples from Section 4.2. Example 2 from Section 4.2 Using a Xxxxxx Series approach, specifying VARSTR97 and VARPSU97 as the variance and usually substantially more. Prior to 2002, MEPS variance estimation strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, (within these strata) respectively and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the year. However, beginning specifying a “with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with MEPS data associated with the NHIS sample replacement” design used through 2006. Such data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new set computer software package SUDAAN will yield an estimate of variance strata and PSUs have been established standard error of $6.01 for variance estimation purposes for use with MEPS Panel 12 and subsequent MEPS panels. There were 165 variance strata associated with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number the estimated mean of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUsout-of-pocket payment.

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for estimates based on MEPS estimatessurvey data, analysts need one needs to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replicationMEPS. Various software packages provide analysts with approaches can be used to develop such estimates of variance including use of the capability of implementing these Xxxxxx series or various replication methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS 1997 data. Instead, the variables Variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on implement a Xxxxxx series estimation approach are described in the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentationparagraph below. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization methoda Xxxxxx Series approach, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance strata variable is named VARSTRcorresponding variables on the MEPS full year utilization database are VARSTR97 and VARPSU97, while the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUrespectively. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a computer software package, package such as SUDAANSUDAAN (Xxxx, provides 1996) should provide standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally distributed throughout the country (and thus the sample PSUs), one can expect at least there are over 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimates of variance. The following illustrates these concepts using two examples from Section 4.2. Example 2 from Section 4.2 Using a Xxxxxx series approach, specifying VARSTR97 and VARPSU97 as the variance and usually substantially more. Prior to 2002, MEPS variance estimation strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, (within these strata) respectively and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the year. However, beginning specifying a “with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with MEPS data associated with the NHIS sample replacement” design used through 2006. Such data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new set computer software package SUDAAN will yield an estimate of variance strata and PSUs have been established standard error of $0.92 for variance estimation purposes for use with MEPS Panel 12 and subsequent MEPS panels. There were 165 variance strata associated with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number the estimated mean of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUsout-of-pocket payment.

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for MEPS estimates, analysts need to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentation. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance strata variable is named VARSTR, while the variance PSU variable is named VARPSU. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a computer software package, such as SUDAAN, provides standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally distributed throughout the country (and thus the sample PSUs), one can expect at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 2007 full year data associated with the corresponding estimates of variance and usually substantially more. Prior to 2002, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the year. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with MEPS data associated with the NHIS sample design used through 2006. Such data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for variance estimation purposes for use with MEPS Panel 12 and subsequent MEPS panels. There were 203 variance estimation strata associated with MEPS Panel 11 and 165 variance strata associated with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 1412, or 368 variance strata in all, providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs.

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for MEPS estimates, analysts need to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this point-in-time file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentation. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance variables VARSTR and VARPSU on this MEPS data file serve to identify the sampling strata variable is named VARSTR, while and primary sampling units required by the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUestimation programs. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a one of the previously mentioned computer software package, such as SUDAAN, provides packages will provide estimated standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally variables of interest distributed throughout the country (and thus the MEPS sample PSUs), one can generally expect to have at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimated standard errors for national estimates of variance and usually substantially morebased on this MEPS database. Prior to 2002Initially, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the yearrounds. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with all future PUF until the NHIS design changed. As discussed, this change took place in 2006, effectively changing the MEPS design beginning with calendar year 2007, where Panel 12 was based on the new NHIS design while Panel 11 was based on the old one. Thus, in order to make the pooling of data across multiple years of MEPS more straightforward, the numbering system for the variance strata has changed. Those strata associated with the NHIS sample new design used through 2006will have four digit values while those associated with the old design will have three digit values. Such For the 2007 PIT data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new temporary set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for variance estimation purposes were developed for use with MEPS Panel 12 data collected under the new NHIS sample design. The current set of variance strata and PSUs were re-established for the 2008 PIT data, and have been carried over to the subsequent MEPS panelsPIT files including the PIT 2012 dataset. There were Specifically, 165 variance estimation strata associated were created, each stratum with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs. These have been numbered 1001- 1165 for the 2012 PIT file. Beginning with the 2002 PIT database, 203 variance strata were formed for use in developing variance estimates for all subsequent years and databases under the old design. These were numbered 1-203. For data analyses where data pooling across calendar years is limited to 2002 and later, the numbering of the variance strata and variance PSUs now permits this with no further actions needed. If pooled analyses involve data in calendar years earlier than 2002, a pooled linkage file has been created to permit assignment of variance strata and PSU values for any person sampled under the old NHIS sample design (the one used for the NHIS from 1995-2005, and thus associated with MEPS samples for MEPS Panels 1-11). This person-level file contains variance stratum and PSU variables for all respondents participating in MEPS, along with the standard MEPS person ID variables for linking to other MEPS files. This one file contains records for each person who is on any of the MEPS full-year consolidated files. It is found on PUF Number HC-036. (A Balanced Repeated Replicate or BRR version of this file is also available. See PUF Number HC- 036BRR.)

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for estimates based on MEPS estimatessurvey data, analysts need one needs to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- family-level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed Various approaches can be used to develop such estimates of variance including a Xxxxxx Series method for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these variance estimation or various replication methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, We will describe the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentationimplement a Xxxxxx Series estimation approach. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization methoda Xxxxxx Series approach, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance variables VARSTR and VARPSU on this MEPS data file serve to identify the sampling strata variable is named VARSTR, while and primary sampling units required by the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUestimation programs. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a computer software package, package such as SUDAAN, provides SUDAAN should provide estimated standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally variables of interest distributed throughout the country (and thus the MEPS sample PSUs), one can generally expect to have at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimated standard errors for national estimates of variance and usually substantially morebased on this MEPS database. Prior to 2002In the past, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the yearrounds. However, beginning with the 2002 2003 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were have been developed to be compatible with MEPS all future PUFs. Thus, data associated with the NHIS sample design used through 2006. Such data from future years can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for There are 203 variance estimation purposes for use strata, each stratum with MEPS Panel 12 and subsequent MEPS panels. There were 165 variance strata associated with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs.

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for MEPS estimates, analysts need to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentation. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance strata variable is named VARSTR, while the variance PSU variable is named VARPSU. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a computer software package, such as SUDAAN, provides standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally distributed throughout the country (and thus the sample PSUs), one can expect at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 2008 full year data associated with the corresponding estimates of variance and usually substantially more. Prior to 2002, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the year. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with MEPS data associated with the NHIS sample design used through 2006. Such data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for variance estimation purposes for use with MEPS Panel 12 and subsequent MEPS panels. There were 165 variance strata associated with both MEPS Panel 13 12 and Panel 14, 13 providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs.

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for MEPS estimates, analysts need to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentation. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance strata variable is named VARSTR, while the variance PSU variable is named VARPSU. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a computer software package, such as SUDAAN, provides standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally distributed throughout the country (and thus the sample PSUs), one can expect at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 2010 full year data associated with the corresponding estimates of variance and usually substantially more. Prior to 2002, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the year. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with MEPS data associated with the NHIS sample design used through 2006. Such data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for variance estimation purposes for use with MEPS Panel 12 and subsequent MEPS panels. There were 165 variance strata associated with both MEPS Panel 13 14 and Panel 14, 15 providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs.

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for MEPS estimates, analysts need to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this point-in-time file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentation. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance variables VARSTR and VARPSU on this MEPS data file serve to identify the sampling strata variable is named VARSTR, while and primary sampling units required by the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUestimation programs. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a one of the previously mentioned computer software package, such as SUDAAN, provides packages will provide estimated standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally variables of interest distributed throughout the country (and thus the MEPS sample PSUs), one can generally expect to have at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimated standard errors for national estimates of variance and usually substantially morebased on this MEPS database. Prior to 2002Initially, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the yearrounds. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with all future PUF until the NHIS design changed. As discussed, this change took place in 2006, effectively changing the MEPS design beginning with calendar year 2007, where Panel 12 was based on the new NHIS design while Panel 11 was based on the old one. Thus, in order to make the pooling of data across multiple years of MEPS more straightforward, the numbering system for the variance strata has changed. Those strata associated with the NHIS sample new design used through 2006will have four digit values while those associated with the old design will have three digit values. Such For the 2007 PIT data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new temporary set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for variance estimation purposes were developed for use with MEPS Panel 12 data collected under the new NHIS sample design. The current set of variance strata and PSUs were re-established for the 2008 PIT data, and have been carried over to the subsequent MEPS panelsPIT files including the PIT 2011 dataset. There were Specifically, 165 variance estimation strata associated were created, each stratum with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs. These have been numbered 1001- 1165 for the 2011 PIT file. Beginning with the 2002 PIT database 203 variance strata were formed for use in developing variance estimates for all subsequent years and databases under the old design. These were numbered 1-203. For data analyses where data pooling across calendar years is limited to 2002 and later, the numbering of the variance strata and variance PSUs now permits this with no further actions needed. If pooled analyses involve data in calendar years earlier than 2002, a pooled linkage file has been created to permit assignment of variance strata and PSU values for any person sampled under the old NHIS sample design (the one used for the NHIS from 1995-2005, and thus associated with MEPS samples for MEPS Panels 1-11). This person-level file contains variance stratum and PSU variables for all respondents participating in MEPS, along with the standard MEPS person ID variables for linking to other MEPS files. This one file contains records for each person who is on any of the MEPS full-year consolidated files. It is found on PUF Number HC-036. (A Balanced Repeated Replicate or BRR version of this file is also available. See PUF Number HC- 036BRR.)

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for estimates based on MEPS estimatessurvey data, analysts need one needs to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replicationMEPS. Various software packages provide analysts with approaches can be used to develop such estimates of variance including use of the capability of implementing these Xxxxxx series or various replication methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS 1996 data. Instead, the variables Variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on implement a Xxxxxx series estimation approach are described in the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentationparagraph below. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization methoda Xxxxxx Series approach, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance strata variable is named VARSTRcorresponding variables on the MEPS full year utilization database are VARSTR96 and VARPSU96, while the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUrespectively. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a computer software package, package such as SUDAANSUDAAN (Xxxx, provides 1996) should provide standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally distributed throughout the country (and thus the sample PSUs), one can expect at least there are over 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimates of variance. The following illustrates these concepts using two examples from Section 4.2. Example 2 from Section 4.2 Using a Xxxxxx series approach, specifying VARSTR96 and VARPSU96 as the variance and usually substantially more. Prior to 2002, MEPS variance estimation strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, (within these strata) respectively and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the year. However, beginning specifying a “with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with MEPS data associated with the NHIS sample replacement” design used through 2006. Such data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new set computer software package SUDAAN will yield an estimate of variance strata and PSUs have been established standard error of $136 for variance estimation purposes for use with MEPS Panel 12 and subsequent MEPS panels. There were 165 variance strata associated with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number the estimated mean of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUsout-of-pocket payment.

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for MEPS estimates, analysts need to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this point-in-time file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentation. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance variables VARSTR and VARPSU on this MEPS data file serve to identify the sampling strata variable is named VARSTR, while and primary sampling units required by the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUestimation programs. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a one of the previously mentioned computer software package, such as SUDAAN, provides packages will provide estimated standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally variables of interest distributed throughout the country (and thus the MEPS sample PSUs), one can generally expect to have at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimated standard errors for national estimates of variance and usually substantially morebased on this MEPS database. Prior to 2002Initially, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the yearrounds. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with all future PUF until the NHIS design changed. As discussed, this change took place in 2006, effectively changing the MEPS design beginning with calendar year 2007, where Panel 12 was based on the new NHIS design while Panel 11 was based on the old one. Thus, in order to make the pooling of data across multiple years of MEPS more straightforward, the numbering system for the variance strata has changed. Those strata associated with the NHIS sample new design used through 2006will have four digit values while those associated with the old design will have three digit values. Such For the 2007 PIT data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new temporary set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for variance estimation purposes were developed for use with MEPS Panel 12 data collected under the new NHIS sample design. The current set of variance strata and subsequent MEPS panelsPSUs were re-established for the 2008 PIT data, and were carried over to the PIT 2009 data. There were Specifically, 165 variance estimation strata associated were created, each stratum with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs. These have been numbered 1001-1165 for the 2009 PIT file. Beginning with the 2002 PIT data base 203 variance strata were formed for use in developing variance estimates for all subsequent years and data bases under the old design. These were numbered 1-203. For data analyses where data pooling across calendar years is limited to 2002 and later, the numbering of the variance strata and variance PSUs now permits this with no further actions needed. If pooled analyses involve data in calendar years earlier than 2002, a pooled linkage file has been created to permit assignment of variance strata and PSU values for any person sampled under the old NHIS sample design (the one used for the NHIS from 1995-2005, and thus associated with MEPS samples for MEPS Panels 1-11). This person-level file contains variance stratum and PSU variables for all respondents participating in MEPS, along with the standard MEPS person ID variables for linking to other MEPS files. This one file contains records for each person who is on any of the MEPS full-year consolidated files. It is found on PUF Number HC-036. (A Balanced Repeated Replicate or BRR version of this file is also available. See PUF Number HC-036BRR.)

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for estimates based on MEPS estimatessurvey data, analysts need one needs to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replicationMEPS. Various software packages provide analysts with approaches can be used to develop such estimates of variance including use of the capability of implementing these Xxxxxx series or various replication methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS 1996 data. Instead, the variables Variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on implement a Xxxxxx series estimation approach are described in the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentationparagraph below. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization methoda Xxxxxx Series approach, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance strata variable is named VARSTRcorresponding variables on the MEPS full year utilization database are VARSTR96 and VARPSU96, while the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUrespectively. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a computer software package, package such as SUDAANSUDAAN (Xxxx, provides 1996) should provide standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally distributed throughout the country (and thus the sample PSUs), one can expect at least there are over 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimates of variance. The following illustrates these concepts using two examples from Section 4.2. Example 2 from section 4.2 Using a Xxxxxx series approach, specifying VARSTR96 and VARPSU96 as the variance and usually substantially more. Prior to 2002, MEPS variance estimation strata and PSUs were developed independently (within these strata) respectively and specifying a “with replacement” design in the computer software package SUDAAN will yield an estimate of standard error of $0.59 for the estimated mean of out-of-pocket payment. Example 3 from year to yearSection 4.2 Using a Xxxxxx Series approach, specifying VARSTR96 and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the year. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, VARPSU96 as the variance estimation strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible (within these strata) respectively and specifying a “with MEPS data associated with the NHIS sample replacement” design used through 2006. Such data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new set computer software package SUDAAN will yield an estimate of variance strata and PSUs have been established standard error of 0.0091 for variance estimation purposes for use with MEPS Panel 12 and subsequent MEPS panels. There were 165 variance strata associated with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number the weighted mean proportion of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUstotal expenditures paid by private insurance.

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for MEPS estimates, analysts need to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- family-level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this point-in-time file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-Xxxxxx- series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentation. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance variables VARSTR and VARPSU on this MEPS data file serve to identify the sampling strata variable is named VARSTR, while and primary sampling units required by the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUestimation programs. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a one of the previously mentioned computer software package, such as SUDAAN, provides packages will provide estimated standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally variables of interest distributed throughout the country (and thus the MEPS sample PSUs), one can generally expect to have at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimated standard errors for national estimates of variance and usually substantially morebased on this MEPS database. Prior to 2002In the past, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the yearrounds. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were have been developed to be compatible with MEPS data associated with all future PUFs, subject to changes in the NHIS sample design used through 2006(there has been a design change for the 2006 NHIS which will affect MEPS for the first time in 2007). Such Thus, when pooling data can be pooled across years (2002 and forward), the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for There are 203 variance estimation purposes for use strata, each stratum with MEPS Panel 12 and subsequent MEPS panels. There were 165 variance strata associated with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs.

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for MEPS estimates, analysts need to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentation. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance strata variable is named VARSTR, while the variance PSU variable is named VARPSU. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a computer software package, such as SUDAAN, provides standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally distributed throughout the country (and thus the sample PSUs), one can expect at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 2010 full year data associated with the corresponding estimates of variance and usually substantially more. Prior to 2002, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the year. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with MEPS data associated with the NHIS sample design used through 2006. Such data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for variance estimation purposes for use with MEPS Panel 12 and subsequent MEPS panels. There were 165 variance strata associated with both MEPS Panel 13 14 and Panel 1415, providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs.

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for MEPS estimates, analysts need to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replication. Various software packages provide analysts with the capability of implementing these methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS data. Instead, the variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on the Xxxxxx-series linearization method are included on this point-in-time file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentation. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance variables VARSTR and VARPSU on this MEPS data file serve to identify the sampling strata variable is named VARSTR, while and primary sampling units required by the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUestimation programs. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a one of the previously mentioned computer software package, such as SUDAAN, provides packages will provide estimated standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally variables of interest distributed throughout the country (and thus the MEPS sample PSUs), one can generally expect to have at least 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimated standard errors for national estimates of variance and usually substantially morebased on this MEPS database. Prior to 2002Initially, MEPS variance strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, and the last two characters of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the yearrounds. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with all future PUF until the NHIS design changed. As discussed, this change took place in 2006, effectively changing the MEPS design beginning with calendar year 2007, where Panel 12 was based on the new NHIS design while Panel 11 was based on the old one. Thus, in order to make the pooling of data across multiple years of MEPS more straightforward, the numbering system for the variance strata has changed. Those strata associated with the NHIS sample new design used through 2006will have four digit values while those associated with the old design will have three digit values. Such For the 2007 PIT data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for variance estimation purposes were developed for use with MEPS Panel 12 and subsequent MEPS panelsdata collected under the new NHIS sample design. There Specifically, 125 variance estimation strata were 165 variance strata associated created, each stratum with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUs. These have been numbered 1001-1125 for the 2008 PIT file. Beginning with the 2002 PIT data base 203 variance strata were formed for use in developing variance estimates for all subsequent years and data bases under the old design. These were numbered 1-203. For data analyses where data pooling across calendar years is limited to 2002 and later, the numbering of the variance strata and variance PSUs now permits this with no further actions needed. If pooled analyses involve data in calendar years earlier than 2002, a pooled linkage file has been created to permit assignment of variance strata and PSU values for any person sampled under the old NHIS sample design (the one used for the NHIS from 1995-2005, and thus associated with MEPS samples for MEPS Panels 1-11). This person-level file contains variance stratum and PSU variables for all respondents participating in MEPS, along with the standard MEPS person ID variables for linking to other MEPS files. This one file contains records for each person who is on any of the MEPS full-year consolidated files. It is found on PUF Number HC-036. (A Balanced Repeated Replicate or BRR version of this file is also available. See PUF Number HC-036BRR.)

Variance Estimation. (XXXXXX, VARSTR) MEPS has a complex sample design. To obtain estimates of variability (such as the standard error of sample estimates or corresponding confidence intervals) for estimates based on MEPS estimatessurvey data, analysts need one needs to take into account the complex sample design of MEPS for both person-level and family- level analyses. Several methodologies have been developed for estimating standard errors for surveys with a complex sample design, including the Xxxxxx-series linearization method, balanced repeated replication, and jackknife replicationMEPS. Various software packages provide analysts with approaches can be used to develop such estimates of variance including use of the capability of implementing these Xxxxxx series or various replication methodologies. Replicate weights have not been developed for the MEPS 2000 data. Instead, the variables Variables needed to calculate appropriate standard errors based on implement a Xxxxxx series estimation approach are provided in the Xxxxxx-series linearization method file and are included on this file as well as all other MEPS public use files. Software packages that permit described in the use of the Xxxxxx-series linearization method include SUDAAN, Stata, SAS (version 8.2 and higher), and SPSS (version 12.0 and higher). For complete information on the capabilities of each package, analysts should refer to the corresponding software user documentationparagraph below. Using the Xxxxxx-series linearization methoda Xxxxxx Series approach, variance estimation strata and the variance estimation PSUs within these strata must be specified. The variance strata variable is named VARSTRcorresponding variables on the MEPS full year utilization database are VARSTR00 and VARPSU00, while the variance PSU variable is named VARPSUrespectively. Specifying a “with replacement” design in a computer software package, package such as SUDAANSUDAAN (Xxxx, provides 1996) should provide standard errors appropriate for assessing the variability of MEPS survey estimates. It should be noted that the number of degrees of freedom associated with estimates of variability indicated by such a package may not appropriately reflect the actual number available. For MEPS sample estimates for characteristics generally distributed throughout the country (and thus the sample PSUs), one can expect at least there are over 100 degrees of freedom for the 2009 full year data associated with the corresponding estimates of variance. The following illustrates these concepts using two examples from section 4.2. Examples 2 and 3 from Section 4.2 Using a Xxxxxx Series approach, specifying VARSTR00 and VARPSU00 as the variance and usually substantially more. Prior to 2002, MEPS variance estimation strata and PSUs were developed independently from year to year, (within these strata) respectively and specifying a “with replacement” design in a computer software package SUDAAN will yield standard error estimates of $0.4237 and 0.0074 for the estimated mean of out-of-pocket payment and the last two characters estimated mean proportion of the strata and PSU variable names denoted the year. However, beginning with the 2002 Point-in-Time PUF, the variance strata and PSUs were developed to be compatible with MEPS data associated with the NHIS sample design used through 2006. Such data can be pooled and the variance strata and PSU variables provided can be used without modification for variance estimation purposes for estimates covering multiple years of data. As a result of the change in the NHIS sample design in 2006, a new set of variance strata and PSUs have been established for variance estimation purposes for use with MEPS Panel 12 and subsequent MEPS panels. There were 165 variance strata associated with both MEPS Panel 13 and Panel 14, providing a substantial number of degrees of freedom for subgroups as well as the nation as a whole. Each variance stratum contains either two or three variance estimation PSUstotal expenditures paid by private insurance respectively.