Common use of Results from the flrst part of the survey of previous studies Clause in Contracts

Results from the flrst part of the survey of previous studies. The survey of Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxx provided a possible answer to the question of how Xxxxx saw the connection between a transcendent God and the material world. All three agree that for Xxxxx, the logos establishes this connection. With the term ‘logos’ Philo named the collective powers or ideas that exist in God’s mind and sustain the whole of creation. The logos establishes the connection between God and humans, not only in the form of the human mind but also in the form of conscience, which informs someone that he or she has done wrong. However, the investigation of the basic elements of Xxxxx’x thought as presented by Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxx left us with two questions: what did Xxxxx see as the cause of human evil and to what extent did Philo believe humans are free? How far have Xxxxx, Xxxxxxx and Xxxxxx, who have explored the concept of forgiveness in Xxxxx’x works, brought us regarding these questions? One benefit of Xxxxx’x approach is that he, in agreement with Xxxxxxxxxx, pointed out that the idea of forgiveness of sin, was present in Hellenistic culture as a whole. This insight should make us careful when assuming that a particular notion appearing in Xxxxx’x works is exclusively rooted in his Jewish heritage. This caveat is further deepened by Xxxxxx’x study in which he presented connections between Xxxxx’x thinking and philosophical traditions, regarding the concept of grace. Xxxxxx’x suggestion that Xxxxx saw forgiveness as a manifestation of God’s graceful power can be fruitful. However, Xxxxxx did not explore what Xxxxx believed forgiveness to entail. Xxxxxxx is the only one of the three authors examined in this section who offered some suggestions as to what Xxxxx meant when he wrote that God forgives someone. Divine forgiveness is a healing of the soul brought about by God. Xxxxxxx pointed out that forgiveness is connected to sacrifice and explores Xxxxx’x view on the meaning of sacrifices. According to Xxxxxxx, sacrifice was, for Xxxxx, a symbol of the sacrificer’s acknowledgement that God is the true source of everything that exists. This acknowledgement initiates a spiritual healing, resulting in a mystical union with God. Xxxxxxx offered some suggestions regarding a meaningful interpretation of Xxxxx’x view on divine forgiveness. However, he presented these suggestions without connecting them to other views of Xxxxx, specifically regarding the source of human evil and the extent of human freedom. These latter questions were more extensively explored by Xxxxx and Xxxxxx. Xxxxxx agreed with Xxxxxxx that the acknowledgement of God as the source of everything that exists and gratefulness to God will lead humans to goodness. Contrary to Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxx did not maintain that Xxxxx saw humans as truly free to choose to either acknowledge God as the creator or not. Xxxxxx suggested that Xxxxx saw human freedom ultimately as an illusion. If this is so, the matter of what Xxxxx meant when he wrote that God forgives someone becomes all the more urgent. Why would God blame and then forgive someone, if the evil they have committed is not done out of free choice? Xxxxx and Xxxxxx furthermore presented us with different views as to what Xxxxx saw as the root of human evil. They both claimed that Xxxxx saw evil as an inherent part of creation. According to Xxxxx, Xxxxx’x view of creation as inherently evil is biblical. Xxxxxx, on the other hand, seemed to point to philosophical antecedents for Xxxxx’x view on evil. Xxxxx furthermore held that forgiveness is simply part of Xxxxx’x religious heritage and saw this as a reason not to give too much thought to what Xxxxx might have meant when he wrote about divine forgiveness. Both matters, the possible source of Xxxxx’x moral evaluation of creation and whether Xxxxx only mentioned forgiveness because he encountered it in the Bible, raise the question of what Xxxxx’x relation to the Bible actually was. Did he find himself compelled by his source to see creation as inherently evil? Did he mention divine forgiveness without giving it too much thought? Xxxxx’x relation to the Bible is one of two questions connected to his method in developing his ideas. The survey of Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxx brings up the second question related to Xxxxx’x method. All of these three authors explored possible philosophical sources that could have inspired Xxxxx. However, each of them pointed in different directions regarding these sources. Xxxxxxx could be seen to point in the direction of Xxxxxxxx or Stoic philosophy, Xxxxxxxxxx towards Egyptian traditions and Xxxxxxx towards Aristotelian philosophy. How is this possible, and what does this mean? Should Philo be seen as an indiscriminate eclectic? Did Xxxxx have a method? How did he work?

Appears in 4 contracts

Samples: scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl, scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl, scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl

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